Ectopic Expression of a Novel Cold-resistance Protein 1 (BoCRP1) from Brassica Oleracea Promotes Tolerance to Cold via Modulating Stress Associated Components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Majeed Wani ◽  
Tahir Majeed Sheikh ◽  
Vaseem Raja ◽  
Zubair Ahmad Wani ◽  
Nelofer Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Abstract Cold stress is considered as a major environmental factor that adversely affect the plant growth and distribution. Therefore, there arises an immediate need to cultivate effective strategies aimed at developing stress-tolerant crops that would boost the production and minimise the risks associated with cold stress. In this study, a novel cold-responsive protein1 isolated from Brassica oleracea (BoCRP1) was ectopically expressed in a cold susceptible tomato genotype Shalimar 1 and its function was investigated in response to chilling stress. BoCRP1 was constitutively expressed in all the tissues of B. oleracea including leaf, root and stem however, its expression was found to be significantly increased in response to cold stress. Moreover, transgenic tomato plants expressing BoCRP1 exhibited increased tolerance to chilling stress (4oC) with an overall improved rate of seed germination, increased root length, reduced membrane damage and increase in accumulation of osmoprotectants. Furthermore, we observed increased transcript levels of stress responsive genes and enhanced accumulation of ROS scavenging enzymes in transgenic on exposure to chilling stress. These results are therefore strongly in support of the role of BoCRP1 in offering the plant a protective shield and heightened resilience to chilling stress by maintaining osmotic balance, utilising the cellular antioxidant system and enhancing the transcription of cold responsive genes.

scholarly journals Ectopic expression of a novel cold-resistance protein 1 from Brassica oleracea promotes tolerance to chilling stress in transgenic tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Majeed Wani ◽  
Sheikh Tahir Majeed ◽  
Vaseem Raja ◽  
Zubair Ahmad Wani ◽  
Nelofer Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Transgenic Tomato ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Transgenic Tomato Plants ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

AbstractCold stress is considered as one of the major environmental factors that adversely affects the plant growth and distribution. Therefore, there arises an immediate need to cultivate effective strategies aimed at developing stress-tolerant crops that would boost the production and minimise the risks associated with cold stress. In this study, a novel cold-responsive protein1 (BoCRP1) isolated from Brassica oleracea was ectopically expressed in a cold susceptible tomato genotype Shalimar 1 and its function was investigated in response to chilling stress. BoCRP1 was constitutively expressed in all the tissues of B. oleracea including leaf, root and stem. However, its expression was found to be significantly increased in response to cold stress. Moreover, transgenic tomato plants expressing BoCRP1 exhibited increased tolerance to chilling stress (4 °C) with an overall improved rate of seed germination, increased root length, reduced membrane damage and increased accumulation of osmoprotectants. Furthermore, we observed increased transcript levels of stress responsive genes and enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in transgenic plants on exposure to chilling stress. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that BoCRP1 is a promising candidate gene to improve the cold stress tolerance in tomato.

scholarly journals The Biochemical Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Armando Massange-Sánchez ◽  
Carla Vanessa Sánchez-Hernández ◽  
Rosalba Mireya Hernández-Herrera ◽  
Paola Andrea Palmeros-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental problems worldwide and affects plant growth, reproduction, and crop yields by inducing physiological and biochemical changes due to osmotic and ionic shifts in plant cells. One of the principal modifications caused by osmotic stress is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause membrane damage and alter proteins, DNA structures, and photosynthetic processes. In response, plants increase their arsenal of antioxidant compounds, such as ROS scavenging enzymes and nonenzymatic elements like ascorbate, glutathione, flavonoids, tocopherols, and carotenoids, and their rates of osmolyte synthesis to conserve ion homeostasis and manage salt stress. This chapter describes the principal biochemical mechanisms that are employed by plants to survive under salt-stress conditions, including the most recent research regarding plant tolerance, and suggests strategies to produce valuable crops that are able to deal with soil salinity.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling of Young Cotyledons Response to Chilling Stress in Two Contrasting Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotypes at the Seedling Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5095
Author(s):  
Gongmin Cheng ◽  
Longyan Zhang ◽  
Hantao Wang ◽  
Jianhua Lu ◽  
Hengling Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage

Young cotyledons of cotton seedlings are most susceptible to chilling stress. To gain insight into the potential mechanism of cold tolerance of young cotton cotyledons, we conducted physiological and comparative transcriptome analysis of two varieties with contrasting phenotypes. The evaluation of chilling injury of young cotyledons among 74 cotton varieties revealed that H559 was the most tolerant and YM21 was the most sensitive. The physiological analysis found that the ROS scavenging ability was lower, and cell membrane damage was more severe in the cotyledons of YM21 than that of H559 under chilling stress. RNA-seq analysis identified a total of 44,998 expressed genes and 19,982 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in young cotyledons of the two varieties under chilling stress. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of all DEGs revealed four significant modules with close correlation with specific samples. The GO-term enrichment analysis found that lots of genes in H559-specific modules were involved in plant resistance to abiotic stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling, and plant–pathogen interaction were related to chilling stress response. A total of 574 transcription factors and 936 hub genes in these modules were identified. Twenty hub genes were selected for qRT-PCR verification, revealing the reliability and accuracy of transcriptome data. These findings will lay a foundation for future research on the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance in cotyledons of cotton.

scholarly journals Effect of chilling acclimation on germination and seedlings response to cold in different seed coat colored wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Calderon Flores ◽  
Jin Seok Yoon ◽  
Dae Yeon Kim ◽  
Yong Weon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Ros Scavenging Enzymes

Abstract Background Flavonoids can protect plants against extreme temperatures and ROS due to their antioxidant activities. We found that deep-purple seed coat color was controlled by two gene interaction (12:3:1) from the cross between yellow and deep-purple seed coat colored inbreds. F2:3 seeds were grouped in 3 by seed coat color and germinated under chilling (4 °C) and non-acclimated conditions (18 °C) for a week, followed by normal conditions (18 °C) for three weeks and a subsequent chilling stress (4 °C) induction. We analyzed mean daily germination in each group. Additionally, to study the acclimation in relationship to the different seed coat colors on the germination ability and seedling performances under the cold temperatures, we measured the chlorophyll content, ROS scavenging activity, and expression levels of genes involved in ROS scavenging, flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, and cold response in seedlings. Results The results of seed color segregation between yellow and deep purple suggested a two-gene model. In the germination study, normal environmental conditions induced the germination of yellow-seed, while under chilling conditions, the germination ratio of deep purple-seed was higher than that of yellow-colored seeds. We also found that the darker seed coat colors were highly responsive to cold acclimation based on the ROS scavenging enzymes activity and gene expression of ROS scavenging enzymes, flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and cold responsive genes. Conclusions We suggest that deep purple colored seed might be in a state of innate pre-acquired stress response state under normal conditions to counteract stresses in a more effective way. Whereas, after the acclimation, another stress should enhance the cold genes expression response, which might result in a more efficient chilling stress response in deep purple seed seedlings. Low temperature has a large impact on the yield of crops. Thus, understanding the benefit of seed coat color response to chilling stress and the identification of limiting factors are useful for developing breeding strategies in order to improve the yield of wheat under chilling stress.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of BAM genes in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and ectopic expression of VvBAM1 modulating soluble sugar levels to improve low-temperature tolerance in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Liang ◽  
Honghong He ◽  
Guojie Nai ◽  
Lidan Feng ◽  
Yanmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Sugar Levels

Abstract Background Low temperature (LT) is one of the main limiting factors that affect growth and development in grape. Increasing soluble sugar and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in grapevine resistance to cold stress. However, the mechanism of β-amylase (BAM) involved in the regulation of sugar levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in response to cold stress is unclear. Results In this study, six BAM genes were identified and clustered into four groups. Multiple sequence alignment and gene structure analysis showed that VvBAM6 lacked the Glu380 residue and contained only an exon. The transcript abundance of VvBAM1 and VvBAM3 significantly increased as temperature decreased. After LT stress, VvBAM1 was highly expressed in the leaves, petioles, stems, and roots of overexpressing tomato lines. The total amylase and BAM activities increased by 6.5- and 6.01-fold in transgenic plants compared with those in wild-type tomato plants (WT) subjected to LT, respectively. The glucose and sucrose contents in transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in WT plants, whereas the starch contents in the former decreased by 1.5-fold compared with those in the latter under LT stress. The analysis of transcriptome sequencing data revealed that 541 genes were upregulated, and 663 genes were downregulated in transgenic plants. One sugar transporter protein gene (SlSTP10), two peroxidase (POD)-related genes (SlPER7 and SlPER5), and one catalase (CAT)-related gene (SlCAT1) were upregulated by 8.6-, 3.6-, 3.0-, and 2.3-fold in transgenic plants after LT stress, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that VvBAM1 overexpression promotes ROS scavenging and improves cold tolerance ability by modulating starch hydrolysis to affect soluble sugar levels in tomato plants.

scholarly journals ROS Defense Systems and Terminal Oxidases in Bacteria

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Vitaliy B. Borisov ◽  
Sergey A. Siletsky ◽  
Martina R. Nastasi ◽  
Elena Forte
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Superoxide Dismutases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Terminal Oxidases ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Respiratory Chains ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) comprise the superoxide anion (O2·−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2). ROS can damage a variety of macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, and compromise cell viability. To prevent or reduce ROS-induced oxidative stress, bacteria utilize different ROS defense mechanisms, of which ROS scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases, are the best characterized. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that some of the terminal oxidases in bacterial respiratory chains may also play a protective role against ROS. The present review covers this role of terminal oxidases in light of recent findings.

GRAS-domain transcription factor PAT1 regulates jasmonic acid biosynthesis in grape cold stress response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemin Wang ◽  
Darren Chern Jan Wong ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Guangzhao Xu ◽  
Chong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Mobility Shift

Abstract Cultivated grapevine (Vitis) is a highly valued horticultural crop, and cold stress affects its growth and productivity. Wild Amur grape (Vitis amurensis) PAT1 (Phytochrome A signal transduction 1, VaPAT1) is induced by low temperature, and ectopic expression of VaPAT1 enhances cold tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of VaPAT1 during the cold stress response in grapevine. Here, we confirmed the overexpression of VaPAT1 in transformed grape calli enhanced cold tolerance. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays highlighted an interaction between VaPAT1 with INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN 3 (VaIDD3). A role of VaIDD3 in cold tolerance was also indicated. Transcriptome analysis revealed VaPAT1 and VaIDD3 overexpression and cold treatment coordinately modulate the expression of stress-related genes including lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3), a gene encoding a key jasmonate biosynthesis enzyme. Co-expression network analysis indicated LOX3 might be a downstream target of VaPAT1. Both electrophoretic mobility shift and dual luciferase reporter assays showed the VaPAT1-IDD3 complex binds to the IDD-box (AGACAAA) in the VaLOX3 promoter to activate its expression. Overexpression of both VaPAT1 and VaIDD3 increased the transcription of VaLOX3 and JA levels in transgenic grape calli. Conversely, VaPAT1-SRDX (dominant repression) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of PAT1-ED causing the loss of the C-terminus in grape calli dramatically prohibited the accumulation of VaLOX3 and JA levels during cold treatment. Together, these findings point to a pivotal role of VaPAT1 in the cold stress response in grape by regulating JA biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species and the Redox-Regulatory Network in Cold Stress Acclimation

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dreyer ◽  
Karl-Josef Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Stress Acclimation

Cold temperatures restrict plant growth, geographical extension of plant species, and agricultural practices. This review deals with cold stress above freezing temperatures often defined as chilling stress. It focuses on the redox regulatory network of the cell under cold temperature conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as the final electron sink in this network which consists of redox input elements, transmitters, targets, and sensors. Following an introduction to the critical network components which include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent thioredoxin reductases, thioredoxins, and peroxiredoxins, typical laboratory experiments for cold stress investigations will be described. Short term transcriptome and metabolome analyses allow for dissecting the early responses of network components and complement the vast data sets dealing with changes in the antioxidant system and ROS. This review gives examples of how such information may be integrated to advance our knowledge on the response and function of the redox regulatory network in cold stress acclimation. It will be exemplarily shown that targeting the redox network might be beneficial and supportive to improve cold stress acclimation and plant yield in cold climate.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Voltage-Dependent Anion-Selective Channel (VDAC) Protein-Encoding Gene, MsVDAC, from Medicago sativa Confers Cold and Drought Tolerance to Transgenic Tobacco

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Xinhang Duan ◽  
Zhaoyu Wang ◽  
Hang Yin ◽  
Junrui Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Osmotic Homeostasis ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes

Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are highly conserved proteins that are involved in the translocation of tRNA and play a key role in modulating plant senescence and multiple pathways. However, the functions of VDACs in plants are still poorly understood. Here, a novel VDAC gene was isolated and identified from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). MsVDAC localized to the mitochondria, and its expression was highest in alfalfa roots and was induced in response to cold, drought and salt treatment. Overexpression of MsVDAC in tobacco significantly increased MDA, GSH, soluble sugars, soluble protein and proline contents under cold and drought stress. However, the activities of SOD and POD decreased in transgenic tobacco under cold stress, while the O2− content increased. Stress-responsive genes including LTP1, ERD10B and Hxk3 were upregulated in the transgenic plants under cold and drought stress. However, GAPC, CBL1, BI-1, Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD were upregulated only in the transgenic tobacco plants under cold stress, and GAPC, CBL1, and BI-1 were downregulated under drought stress. These results suggest that MsVDAC provides cold tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging, osmotic homeostasis and stress-responsive gene expression in plants, but the improved drought tolerance via MsVDAC may be mainly due to osmotic homeostasis and stress-responsive genes.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of Cold Stress Responses in Banana Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-jun Feng ◽  
Li-li Zhang ◽  
Jing-yi Wang ◽  
Jin-mei Luo ◽  
Ming Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cold Temperatures

Cold stress is one of the most important environmental factors affecting crop growth and agricultural production. Induced changes of gene expression and metabolism are critical for plants responding and acclimating to cold stress. Banana (Musa sp.) is one of the most important food crops in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Banana, which originated from tropical regions, is sensitive to cold, which can result in serious losses in commercial banana production. To investigate the response of the banana to cold stress conditions, changes in protein expression were analyzed using a comparative proteomics approach. ‘Brazil’ banana (Musa acuminata AAA group) is a common banana cultivar in southern China. ‘Brazil’ banana plantlets were exposed to 5 °C for 24 hours and then total crude protein was extracted from treatment and control leaves by phenol extraction, separated with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and subsequently identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Out of the more than 400 protein spots reproducibly detected, only 41 protein spots exhibited a change in intensity by at least 2-fold, with 26 proteins increasing and 15 proteins decreasing expression. Of these, 28 differentially expressed proteins were identified by MS. The identified proteins, including well-known and novel cold-responsive proteins, are involved in several cellular processes, including antioxidation and antipathogen, photosynthesis, chaperones, protein synthesis, signal transduction, energy metabolism, and other cellular functions. Proteins related to antioxidation, pathogen resistance, molecular chaperones, and energy metabolism were up-regulated, and proteins related to ethylene synthesis, protein synthesis, and epigenetic modification were down-regulated in response to cold temperature treatment. The banana plantlets incubated at cold temperatures demonstrated major changes in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, defense against diseases, and energy supply. Increased antioxidation capability in banana was also discovered in plantain, which has greater cold tolerance than banana in response to cold stress conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized that an increased antioxidation ability could be a common characteristic of banana and plantain in response to cold stress conditions. These findings may provide a better understanding of the physiological processes of banana in response to cold stress conditions.

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