scholarly journals Detection of Blastocystis in Stool Isolates Using Different Diagnostic Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buthaina Darwish ◽  
Ghalia Aboualchamat ◽  
Samar Al Nahhas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Abstract Background: Blastocystis is a parasite that inhabits human intestinalis. It is commonly identified in asymptomatic individuals, while its pathogenic role is underestimated. In Syria, studies on this parasite are very few, and it is not documented in the laboratory reports. The present study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of three different diagnostic methods in the detection of Blastocystis among patients with no specific or clear symptoms. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 70 patients suffering from various gastrointestinal symptoms. All samples were examined microscopically using iodine staining smears, and after in vitro cultivation at 37°C for 48- 72 h using Jones' medium. Molecular detection of Blastocystis was determined by fragment amplification of the SSU rRNA gene using PCR. Results: Blastocystis was identified in: 49 cases (70%) by direct microscopic examination, in 60 isolate (85.7%) by in vitro culture and in 64 (91.4%) of cases using molecular detection. Comparative analysis revealed that the sensitivity of microscopic detection for Blastocystis was 73.4% while it was 90.6% for in vitro culture and 95.9 - 96.7% using PCR detection method. Blastocystis was found alone in 32 (65.3%) of cases, while co-infection was detected in 17 (34.7%) samples. Conclusions: Our findings highlighted the importance of considering Blastocystis in laboratory diagnosis. Molecular methods are recommended for screening clinical specimens for Blastocystis infection especially among individuals with no common particular symptoms. If not applicable, two different diagnostic techniques are required for accurate diagnose of this parasite.

Influence of chronic endometritis on women`s reproductive health: current view

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
T.G. Romanenko ◽  
◽  
A.D. Haiduk ◽  
N.V. Yesyp ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Current View ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

Chronic inflammatory process in endometrium is an obvious factor of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. But uncertainty of its etiology in most of the clinical cases results in complications of diagnostic process of the disease despite the broad spectrum of diagnostic techniques. Shift of the focus from specific infectious agents towards opportunistic pathogens also leads to several complications in interpretation of bacteriological examination results. Moreover, the role of viruses as ethiological factor of chronic endometritis is still not well established. At the same time the capability of invasive diagnostic techniques is always discussed by the clinicians because of additional risks from intervention into uterine cavity. From this point of view treatment of chronic endometritis (CE) and pregravid preparation of women involved in in vitro fertilization algorithm with such pathology requires comprehensive analysis. Routine antibiotic administration, principles of choice of these medications and effectiveness of other therapeutical approaches, for example, physiotherapy techniques, are still controversial. This article highlights modern ideas about chronic endometritis: ethiological factors of the disorder, coincidence with infertility and reproductive failure, diagnostic methods, treatment and pregravid preparation of women with the disease and ways of optimization of patient management for preserving their reproductive potential. Key words: chronic endometritis, infertility, in vitro fertilization, antibiotic therapy.

Recurrent paediatric pinworm infection of the vagina as a potential reservoir for Enterobius vermicularis

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kashyap ◽  
J.C. Samantray ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. Jhamb ◽  
A.K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints

AbstractEnterobius vermicularis infection remains one of the most common parasitic infections, particularly prevalent in children. Enterobiasis, although not usually dangerous, may cause significant morbidity. Elimination of the parasite from a family or an institution often poses problems, either because of an incomplete cure or re-infection. While there have been limited reports of ectopic enterobiasis throughout the world, ours is probably one of the rarest reports of recurrent vaginal E. vermicularis infection in the absence of any gastrointestinal symptoms despite complete treatment. A 4-year-old girl presented with recurrent episodes of vulval itching on 3–4 occasions over 2 years. There was no pruritis ani nor urinary/gastrointestinal complaints. The vulva was inflamed with 4–5 living worms, 6–7 mm in length, emerging from the anterior vaginal fornix, but with no vaginal discharge. Direct microscopic examination of vaginal swabs revealed adult worms of Enterobius but no eggs. Repeated stool samples from the patient, parents and a sibling were negative. The patient was treated orally with 100 mg of mebendazole for 3 days followed by two more courses at 3-week intervals over a period of 3 months. Recurrent vaginal enterobiasis despite complete treatment and in the absence of any gastrointestinal involvement suggests that the vagina is a potential reservoir for E. vermicularis, which supports the theory of rare ectopic enterobiasis through the ascending pathway of the female genital tract.

scholarly journals The relevance of laboratory diagnosis of human cryptosporidiosis and other coccidia

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Garlipp ◽  
P.V. Bottini ◽  
A.T.L.S. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Human infection by Cryptosporidium spp and other coccidia are due to opportunist non-host specific microorganisms. In HIV seropositive patients, the gastrointestinal symptoms accompanying such infections may be serious and prolonged and may include nausea, low-grade fever, abdominal cramps, anorexia and watery diarrhoea. We studied 188 stool samples from 111 patients (84 men and 27 women) with diarrhoea. A modified Ziehl-Nielsen technique for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp and Isospora belli was employed. The mean age of the patients was 31 years. Cryptosporidium spp was seen in 18% (n=20) of the patients, 90% (n=18) of whom were HIV seropositive. Isospora belli was recorded only from HIV seropositive patients (5.4% of all the patients studied and 6.5% of those who were HIV seropositive). These data confirm the good results obtained with this technique for the identification of Cryptosporidium spp and other coccidia and also reaffirm the clinical importance of correctly diagnosing the cause of diarrhoea, particularly in HIV seropositive patients.

scholarly journals Diagnostic methods for the detection of leptospira spp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Langoni ◽  
Leila Sabrina Ullmann ◽  
Virgínia Bodelão Richini-Pereira ◽  
Luciana Da Silva Ruiz ◽  
Gabriela Pacheco Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Correct Technique

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonoses distributed worldwide. It can undertake any animalspecies, maintaining the agent in the nature via renal chronical infection of carriers animals,which can secrete the organism through the urine into the environment, being able to infectother animals and the human. Regarding Leptospira spp., diagnostic techniques have helpedunderstand important eco-epidemiological aspects such as environmental serovar distributionand new hosts, in addition to improve the clinical diagnosis of the disease. This review focuseson present diverse techniques used in leptospirosis diagnosis to biological samples, includingsome studies on practical applications for the molecular detection of Leptospira spp.,reinforcing the importance of the knowledge and the choice of the correct technique in thediagnosis of the disease.

scholarly journals Clinical-Forensic Autopsy Findings to Defeat COVID-19 Disease: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Sessa ◽  
Giuseppe Bertozzi ◽  
Luigi Cipolloni ◽  
Benedetta Baldari ◽  
Santina Cantatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Therapeutic Implications

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 was identified for the first time in China, in December 2019. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported around the world; indeed, this infection has been declared a pandemic. Consequently, the scientific community is working hard to gain useful information about the history of this virus, its transmission, diagnosis, clinical features, radiological findings, research and development of candidate therapeutics as well as vaccines. This review aims to analyze the diagnostic techniques used to ascertain the COVID-19 infection, critically reviewing positive points and criticism for forensic implications, obviously including autopsy. Finally, this review proposes a practical workflow to be applied in the management of corpses during this outbreak of the COVID-19 infection, which could be useful in cases of future infectious disease emergencies. Analyzing the diagnostic methods, to date, virus nucleic acid RT-PCR represents the standard method used to ascertain the COVID-19 infection in living subjects and corpses, even if this technique has several criticisms: mainly, the staff should be highly specialized, working in high-throughput settings, able to handle high workloads and aware of health risks and the importance of the results. Thus, IgG/IgM serological tests have been developed, overcoming RT-qPCR duration, costs, and management, not requiring highly trained personnel. Nevertheless, serological tests present problems; the WHO recommends the use of these new point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests only in research settings. Furthermore, nothing has yet been published regarding the possibility of applying these methods during post-mortem investigations. In light of this scenario, in this review, we suggest a flow chart for the pathologist called on to ascertain the cause of death of a subject with historical and clinical findings of COVID-19 status or without any anamnestic, diagnostic, or exposure information. Indeed, the literature data confirmed the analytical vulnerabilities of the kits used for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly during postmortem examinations. For these reasons, autopsy remains the gold standard method to ascertain the exact cause of death (from or with COVID-19 infection, or other causes), to consequently provide real data for statistical evaluations and to take necessary measures to contain the risks of the infection. Moreover, performing autopsies could provide information on the pathogenesis of the COVID-19 infection with obvious therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals A Pentaplex PCR Assay for the Detection and Differentiation ofShigellaSpecies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvash Chandra Ojha ◽  
Chan Yean Yean ◽  
Asma Ismail ◽  
Kirnpal-Kaur Banga Singh
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Single Reaction

The magnitude of shigellosis in developing countries is largely unknown because an affordable detection method is not available. Current laboratory diagnosis ofShigellaspp. is laborious and time consuming and has low sensitivity. Hence, in the present study, a molecular-based diagnostic assay which amplifies simultaneously four specific genes to identifyinvCforShigellagenus,rfcforS. flexneri,wbgZforS. sonnei, andrfpBforS. dysenteriae, as well as one internal control (ompA) gene, was developed in a single reaction to detect and differentiateShigellaspp. Validation with 120Shigellastrains and 37 non-Shigellastrains yielded 100% specificity. The sensitivity of the PCR was 100 pg of genomic DNA, 5.4 × 104 CFU/ml, or approximately 120 CFU per reaction mixture of bacteria. The sensitivity of the pentaplex PCR assay was further improved following preincubation of the stool samples in Gram-negative broth. A preliminary study with 30 diarrhoeal specimens resulted in no cross-reaction with other non-Shigellastrains tested. We conclude that the developed pentaplex PCR assay is robust and can provide information about the four target genes that are essential for the identification of theShigellagenus and the threeShigellaspecies responsible for the majority of shigellosis cases.

Diagnostic methods for confirming drug-allergy – the lymphocyte transformation test in dermatology

2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (24) ◽  
pp. 1107-1114
Author(s):  
Sarolta Makó ◽  
Réka Lepesi-Benkő ◽  
Márta Marschalkó ◽  
Gyöngyvér Soós ◽  
Sarolta Kárpáti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Allergy ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods

A gyógyszermellékhatások felismerése és a tüneteket kiváltó gyógyszer oki szerepének bizonyítása komoly felkészültséget igényel. E közlemény célja a gyógyszerallergiás reakciók diagnosztikai lehetőségeinek rövid áttekintése és a lymphocytatranszformációs teszt gyógyszer-hiperszenzitivitási reakciókban való bizonyító szerepének bőrgyógyászati szempontok szerinti értékelése. A lymphocytatranszformációs teszt azon a megfigyelésen alapul, hogy a gyógyszerrel való első találkozáskor kialakult antigénspecifikus T-sejtek osztódni kezdenek az antigénnel való in vitro megismételt találkozás után. A szenzibilizációt az osztódó T-sejtekbe történő 3 H-timidin-beépülés mértéke jelzi. A hatóanyag-specifikus T-sejtek szinte mindig részt vesznek a gyógyszerallergiás reakciókban, ezért a vizsgálat előnye, hogy sok gyógyszernél és különböző immunreakciók eseteiben egyaránt jól alkalmazható. Hátránya a munkaigényesség, valamint az, hogy specificitásának és szenzitivitásának bizonyításához hiányoznak a széles körű, nagy beteganyagon elvégzett tanulmányok. Emiatt a teszt nem egyértelműen elfogadott a gyógyszerallergia igazolására. Hiányosságai ellenére azonban, jobb prediktív értékű egyéb vizsgálatok hiányában, a lymphocytatranszformációs tesztnek fontos szerepe van a gyógyszerallergiák diagnosztizálása terén.

Forensic research of staff fraud

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-600
Author(s):  
V.A. Timchenko
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Original Approach

Subject. This article deals with the issues of forensic diagnostics, which is an effective means of detecting, preventing and suppressing staff fraud. Objectives. The article aims to present an original approach to the development of methods of forensic diagnosis of staff fraud based on the modeling method. It is also intended to identify a structure of staff fraud patterns and justify the need to classify the staff fraud methods. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparative analysis, systematization, induction, and deduction. Results. The article defines approaches to the formation of diagnostic methods of staff fraud and presents typical inconsistencies that arise in economic information under the influence of fraudulent actions of staff. It describes some diagnostic techniques that can detect staff fraud elements that occur in certain ways of criminal activity. Conclusions and Relevance. The proposed original approach helps develop standard and specific methods for diagnosing staff fraud on a scientific basis. The provisions outlined in the article can serve as a basis for scholarly discussion, contribute to the effectiveness of research on counter-fraud in the field of personnel fraud, and can be applied to the practical activities of structural units and individuals whose task is to combat staff fraud in commercial organizations.

scholarly journals Parasitic infections in Swiss children: Are we overtesting?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Légeret ◽  
Céline Rüttimann ◽  
Hans Fankhauser ◽  
Henrik Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens

Abstract Background A wide variation of causes can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms in children- an infection with parasites is one of them. The expansion of international travel might lead to an increase in testing children for a correspondent infection. Currently there are no guidelines available, which patients should be tested for a possible parasitical infection. The aim of the study was to characterize Swiss children suffering from intestinal parasites, in order to provide more knowledge for the clinician who should be tested. Methods This is a retrospective study of Swiss pediatric patients, whose stools have been tested for parasites and helminths. Results A total of 1855 stool samples, belonging to 572 different children with an average age of 7.9 years, were tested within a 10-year period. The prevalence of a positive result was 4.2%, of which all were positive for Blastocystis, and 12.5% had a co-infection with Endolimax nana. Conclusion Immigrants, immune compromised children with diarrhea and pediatric patients with bloody or protracted diarrhea should have 2 different stool specimens examined for a possible parasitical infection.

scholarly journals Advances in Plant Disease Detection and Monitoring: From Traditional Assays to In-Field Diagnostics

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Buja ◽  
Erika Sabella ◽  
Anna Grazia Monteduro ◽  
Maria Serena Chiriacò ◽  
Luigi De Bellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Human activities significantly contribute to worldwide spread of phytopathological adversities. Pathogen-related food losses are today responsible for a reduction in quantity and quality of yield and decrease value and financial returns. As a result, “early detection” in combination with “fast, accurate, and cheap” diagnostics have also become the new mantra in plant pathology, especially for emerging diseases or challenging pathogens that spread thanks to asymptomatic individuals with subtle initial symptoms but are then difficult to face. Furthermore, in a globalized market sensitive to epidemics, innovative tools suitable for field-use represent the new frontier with respect to diagnostic laboratories, ensuring that the instruments and techniques used are suitable for the operational contexts. In this framework, portable systems and interconnection with Internet of Things (IoT) play a pivotal role. Here we review innovative diagnostic methods based on nanotechnologies and new perspectives concerning information and communication technology (ICT) in agriculture, resulting in an improvement in agricultural and rural development and in the ability to revolutionize the concept of “preventive actions”, making the difference in fighting against phytopathogens, all over the world.

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