scholarly journals Regional comparative analysis of factors that affect child-birth among women in Ghana after marriage.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Karim Iddrisu ◽  
Mustapha Adams ◽  
Akuye-Shika Odametey ◽  
Nana Kofi Mensah ◽  
Paul A. Kwotua
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
First Child ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Best Fitting

Abstract Introduction: Infertility or difficulty related to conception and childbirth is still a global health concern including Ghana. Infertility or child-birth associated difficulties after marriage can lead to divorce. However, risk factors associated with child-birth difficulties are often difficult to detect by both the Gynaecologist and the couple involved. This makes proposing solutions to issues related to child-birth usually unsuccessful. Methods: This study seeks to identify risk factors associated with child-birth among married women in Ghana. This was achieved by using a logistic regression model for the dichotomous birth length (birth within 10 months or after 10 months in marriage) variable, adjusting for risk factors of birth length. The data used for the study were obtained from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, consisting of 5,004 complete cases. Statistical analyses were carried out using STATA version 14.1, best-fitting model selected from candidate models using their respective Akaike Information Criterion or Bayesian Information Criterion and the predictive power of such model determined using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. Results: Respondents with Akan ethnic background are less likely to deliver their first child after 10 months of marriage, wives who reported that beating is justified if she goes out without her husband's notice are more likely to give birth to their first child after 10 months of marriage, wives who reported that beating is justified when she burns food are less likely to give birth to their first child after 10 months of marriage. A unit increase in the age of respondent at first sex at first cohabitation decreases the likelihood of giving birth to the first child after 10 months in marriage. Rich and middle-class wives are more likely to give birth after 10 months in marriage. Discussion and Conclusions: For wives to conceive within 10 months of marriage, wives and husbands should or are encouraged to have frequent sex, any negative social behaviour or policies must be discouraged. Husbands should openly express their desire and love for their children since this increases the likelihood of wife’s desire to give birth. This leads to frequent sex, which then reduces conception time, and hence, child-birth within the shortest possible time.

scholarly journals Regional comparative analysis of factors that may delay child-birth for at least 10 months among women in Ghana after marriage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Karim Iddrisu ◽  
Mustapha Adams ◽  
Akuye-Shika Odametey ◽  
Nana Kofi Mensah ◽  
Paul A. Kwotua
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
First Child ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Best Fitting

Abstract Introduction: Infertility or difficulty related to conception and childbirth is still a global health concern including Ghana. Infertility or child-birth associated difficulties after marriage can lead to divorce. However, risk factors associated with child-birth difficulties are often difficult to detect by both the Gynaecologist and the couple involved. This makes proposing solutions to issues related to child-birth usually unsuccessful.Methods: This study seeks to identify risk factors associated with child-birth among married women in Ghana. This was achieved by using a logistic regression model for the dichotomous birth length (birth within 10 months or after 10 months in marriage) variable, adjusting for risk factors of birth length. The data used for the study were obtained from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, consisting of 5,004 complete cases. Statistical analyses were carried out using STATA version 14.1, best-fitting model selected from candidate models using their respective Akaike Information Criterion or Bayesian Information Criterion and the predictive power of such model determined using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve.Results: Respondents with Akan ethnic background are less likely to deliver their first child after 10 months of marriage, wives who reported that beating is justified if she goes out without her husband's notice are more likely to give birth to their first child after 10 months of marriage, wives who reported that beating is justified when she burns food are less likely to give birth to their first child after 10 months of marriage. A unit increase in the age of respondent at first sex at first cohabitation decreases the likelihood of giving birth to the first child after 10 months in marriage. Rich and middle-class wives are more likely to give birth after 10 months in marriage.Discussion and Conclusions: For wives to conceive within 10 months of marriage, wives and husbands should or are encouraged to have frequent sex, any negative social behavior or policies must be discouraged. Husbands should openly express their desire and love for their children since this increases the likelihood of wives desire to give birth. This leads to frequent sex, which then reduces conception time, and hence, child-birth within the shortest possible time.

scholarly journals Factors That Determine the Likelihood of Giving Birth to the First Child within 10 Months after Marriage

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Karim Iddrisu ◽  
Francis Kwame Bukari ◽  
Kwaku Opoku-Ameyaw ◽  
Gabriel Oppong Afriyie ◽  
Kassim Tawiah
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
First Child ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Length Variable

Background. One of the major aims of marriage is to procreate or give birth to a child. Childbirth is so crucial in marriage that it often determines the happiness of the couple. Too much delay in childbirth after marriage or the likelihood that one cannot give birth after marriage can lead to divorce. However, causes of delay in childbirth are often difficult to detect by both the Gynaecologist and the couple involved. This makes proposing solutions to issues related to childbirth usually unsuccessful. Methods. It is against this background that we conducted this study to identify factors that determine childbirth within 10 months or after 10 months of marriage (birth length) among women in Ghana. This was achieved by using a logistic regression model for the dichotomous birth length variable, adjusting for risk factors/predictors of birth length. The data used for the study were obtained from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, consisting 6,525 complete cases with 18 predictor variables. Statistical analyses were carried out using STATA version 14.1. Results. The results show that respondents who have ever terminated pregnancy are more likely (OR=0.178, 95%CI=0.044, 0.312) to deliver after 10 months, wives whose husbands have higher education are less likely (OR=‐0.162, 95%CI=‐0.236, ‐0.088) to give birth after 10 months of marriage, wives who reported that beating is justified if she goes out without her husband’s notice are more likely (OR=0.466, 95%CI=0.305, 0.628) to give birth after 10 months, wives who reported that beating is justified if she neglects the child are more likely (OR=‐0.305, 95%CI=‐0.461, ‐0.149) to give birth within 10 months, and wives who reported that beating is justified when she argues with her husband are less likely (OR=‐0.301, 95%CI=‐0.451, ‐0.152) to give birth after 10 months of marriage. Every unit increase in the age of the respondent at marriage increases the likelihood of giving birth after 10 months of marriage, and a unit increase in the age of the respondent at first sex decreases the likelihood of giving birth after 10 months in marriage. Conclusions. For conception within 1 month of marriage, wives and husbands should/are encouraged to have frequent sex, any negative social behaviour or policies must be discouraged, experts’ advice on contraceptive use must be sought, and women are encouraged to desist from termination of pregnancy at any time of their life. Husbands should openly express their desire and love for their children since this increases the likelihood of wives’ desire to give birth. This leads to frequent sex, which then reduces conception time, and hence childbirth within the shortest possible time.

scholarly journals A clinical prediction model for estimating the risk of developing uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joeri W van Straalen ◽  
Gabriella Giancane ◽  
Yasmine Amazrhar ◽  
Nikolay Tzaribachev ◽  
Calin Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Objective To build a prediction model for uveitis in children with JIA for use in current clinical practice. Methods Data from the international observational Pharmachild registry were used. Adjusted risk factors as well as predictors for JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U) were determined using multivariable logistic regression models. The prediction model was selected based on the Akaike information criterion. Bootstrap resampling was used to adjust the final prediction model for optimism. Results JIA-U occurred in 1102 of 5529 JIA patients (19.9%). The majority of patients that developed JIA-U were female (74.1%), ANA positive (66.0%) and had oligoarthritis (59.9%). JIA-U was rarely seen in patients with systemic arthritis (0.5%) and RF positive polyarthritis (0.2%). Independent risk factors for JIA-U were ANA positivity [odds ratio (OR): 1.88 (95% CI: 1.54, 2.30)] and HLA-B27 positivity [OR: 1.48 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.95)] while older age at JIA onset was an independent protective factor [OR: 0.84 (9%% CI: 0.81, 0.87)]. On multivariable analysis, the combination of age at JIA onset [OR: 0.84 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.86)], JIA category and ANA positivity [OR: 2.02 (95% CI: 1.73, 2.36)] had the highest discriminative power among the prediction models considered (optimism-adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.75). Conclusion We developed an easy to read model for individual patients with JIA to inform patients/parents on the probability of developing uveitis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Utero-Vaginal Prolapse in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Mekuria ◽  
Abdu Mengesha ◽  
Girma Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Uterovaginal Prolapse ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Uterovaginal prolapse (UVP) is a major women’s health concern throughout the world. Globally, 2-20% of all women are affected by UVP. The mean prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse in developing countries is 19.7%. The prevalence of UVP in Ethiopia is 18.55% among all gynecological operations. UVP is a source of severe morbidity and psychological upheaval to the patient, who is often socially withdrawn and stigmatized. UVP negatively affects socioeconomic and reproductive activity of affected women. It is, therefore, of interest to study its prevalence and factors associated with the condition.Methodology: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in selected Addis Ababa city governmental hospitals and the medical record charts of women admitted in the respective gynecology wards were reviewed. The medical records included in this study were those from March 2017 to February 2019 G.C. and 400 records of admitted women were randomly selected. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 statistical package. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine factors associated with UVP. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.Result: Out of the3,949 admitted women, the prevalence of UVP was 12.8%. The leading determinants of UVP were menopause (OR = 2.611 (at 95 % CI: 1.531, 3.838), age > 40 years (OR = 2.143 (at 95 % CI:1.496, 6.602), parity of > 4 (OR = 4.201 (at 95 % CI 1.652, 10.685), age at first delivery of < 20 years old (OR = 7.988(2.682, 23.792) and home delivery (OR = 1.380 (at 95 % CI:1.212, 2.572). Conclusion: The prevalence of UVP in this study was relatively high. The major risk factors of UVP were menopause, having > 4 deliveries, age > 40 years, age at first delivery < 20 years old and home delivery. Therefore, the findings of this investigation, especially identification of risk factors of UVP, could serve as a basis for taking steps for preventing or reducing the prevalence of UVP and related complications.

scholarly journals Maximum chest CT score predicts progression to severe illness in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study from Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Xiao ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yuanliang Xie ◽  
Zengfa Huang ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
Symptom Progression

Abstract Background: We investigated the clinical course and imaging findings of hospitalized patients who were initially diagnosed with moderate COVID-19 symptoms to identify risk factors associated with progression to severe/critical symptoms.Methods: This study was a retrospective single-center study at The Central Hospital of Wuhan. 243 patients with confirmed COVID­19 pneumonia were enrolled in the analysis, of which 40 patients progressed from moderate to severe/critical symptoms during follow up. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between moderate and severe/critical symptom types. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the risk factors associated with symptom progression.Results: Patients with severe/critical symptoms were older (p＜0.001) and more often male (p=0.046). We found that the combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and high maximum CT scores was associated with disease progression. Maximum CT scores (≥11) had the greatest predictive value for disease progression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.861 (95% CI: 0.811-0.902).Conclusions: Maximum CT scores and COPD are associated with patient deterioration. Maximum CT scores (≥11) are associated with severe illness.

Risk factors associated with driving under the influence of drugs in the USA

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-044015
Author(s):  
Toni Marie Rudisill ◽  
Gordon S Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
Reported Data

BackgroundDriving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a burgeoning public health concern in the USA. Because little is known about individuals who engage in DUID, the purpose of this study was to analyse potential sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors associated with the behaviour.MethodsSelf-reported data from drivers ≥18 years of age who ever used drugs and participated in the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used. Characteristics of those who reported to engage and not engage in DUID were compared via frequencies, percentages and logistic regression analyses, which accounted for the multistage survey design.ResultsAmong eligible respondents, 10.4% (weighted n=117 275 154) reported DUID. DUID was higher among those aged 18–25 year (34%), males (65%), unmarried individuals (61%), lesbian/gay/bisexuals (13%), those whom abused or were drug dependent (45%), engaged in numerous risky lifestyle behaviours (12%) and those taking medication for a mental health issue (22%). Nearly 20% and 6% of respondents engaged in DUID abused or were dependent on marijuana or methamphetamine, respectively. The adjusted odds of DUID were greatest among those 18–25 years of age (OR 3.7; 95% CI 2.8 to 5.0), those never/not married (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5 to 2.2), those who abused or were drug dependent (OR 4.0; 95% CI 3.5 to 4.7), exhibited riskier lifestyle behaviours (OR 8.0; 95% CI 5.9 to 11.0), were employed (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) or lesbian/gay/bisexuals (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7).ConclusionsDUID was common among some population sub-groups who may benefit from intervention.

Hemoglobin Value Is the Most Important Factor in the Development of Hand-Foot Syndrome under the Capecitabine Regimen

Chemotherapy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Naito ◽  
Tomoya Yamamoto ◽  
Shinsuke Hara ◽  
Chikao Shimamoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Hand Foot Syndrome

Background: Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common side effect that has a high occurrence rate with capecitabine (Cape) chemotherapy. However, little is known about the risk factors of developing HFS under the Cape regimen. Our aim was to examine these risk factors. Methods: A univariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with developing HFS, and we calculated the effect sizes between the patients who developed HFS compared to those who did not. Results: Of the 52 patients enrolled in our research, 24 (46.2%) developed HFS. This group was significantly associated with hemoglobin (Hb) values (p < 0.001), and the effect size (1.21) was more than moderate. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed 12 mg/dl Hb as the best diagnostic cut-off value for developing HFS. The sensitivity and specificity were 75.5 and 88.2%, respectively. Patients who had Hb values of 12 or below who developed HFS had longer median times without HFS compared to patients with high Hb values (115 vs. 75 days, p = 0.30, hazard ratio = 1.42, 95% CI 0.73-2.76) and a greater area under the Kaplan-Meier curves (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This research suggests that the Hb value is an important factor for developing HFS.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly Patients Aged 45-80 Years at Kanungu District

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debrah Asiimwe ◽  
Godfrey O. Mauti ◽  
Ritah Kiconco
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background. Type 2 diabetes is a worldwide disaster including in Uganda, specifically in Kanungu District which had a rise in diabetic patients in 2018/2019 as compared to the 2017/2018 financial year. This research was determined to access the prevalence and risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes on elderly patients aged 45-80 years attending Kanungu Health Centre IV, Kanungu District. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients aged 45-80 years attending Kanungu Health Centre IV from June to August 2019. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was determined by the blood sugar of patients. Questionnaires were used to collect data for factors associated with type 2 diabetes. Data were statistically analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25 (SPSS Inc., USA) at P<0.05. Results. The overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 18.7% among the tested patients. 22.8% of diabetic patients were females as 7.8% were males. The age group most affected by diabetes was 61-65 years. Alcoholism, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and family history were found to be significantly associated with type 2 diabetes at P value < 0.05. Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes observed in this study compared to studies done in previous years which raise a public health concern. This study also found that females and patients aged 61-65 years were most affected by diabetes. Lastly, the presence of family history for diabetes, overweight, and being obese increases the chances of acquiring type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Burden of Drug Abuse in Nigeria: A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Studies and Drug Laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau ◽  
Abubakar Sha’aban ◽  
Kabiru Abubakar Gulma ◽  
Zayyanu Shitu ◽  
Garba Mohammed Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Laws ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gray Literature

Background: The burden of drug abuse is becoming a public health concern in Nigeria. Preventive measures should include identifying the root causes of the burden for targeted intervention. We, therefore, aim to conduct a scoping review of the literature to summarize the findings of epidemiological studies on drug abuse and provisions of drug laws in Nigeria. The review also provides appropriate recommendations as interventions for prevention.Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature on PubMed to identify information on drug abuse and drug laws in Nigeria from the inception of the database to March 2020. Additional information was retrieved from Google Scholar, a manual search of included articles, discussion with experts on the subject matter, and gray literature. Study selection was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements. Information from gray literature was assessed for quality and accuracy using the AACODS checklist (authority, accuracy, coverage, objectively, date, significance).Results: The systematic search of the literature generated 253 studies. Nine articles were obtained from other sources. After the selection process, 23 eligible studies were included for review. A prevalence of 20–40% and 20.9% of drug abuse was reported among students and youths, respectively. Commonly abused drugs include cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, diazepam, codeine, cough syrup and tramadol. Sources where abusers obtained drugs, were pharmacies/patent medicine shops, open drug markets, drug hawkers, fellow drug abusers, friends, and drug pushers. Drug abuse was common among undergraduates and secondary school students, youths, commercial bus drivers, farmers, and sex workers. Reason for use included to increase physical performance, stress and to derive pleasure. Poor socioeconomic factors and low educational background were the common risk factors associated with drug abuse. We identified several drug laws and policies that were established under government agencies such as the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), National Agency for Foods and Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) and a Presidential Advisory Committee.Conclusion: Findings from epidemiological studies on drug abuse in Nigeria has demonstrated that the burden of drug abuse is still high despite the existing drug laws, policies, and strategies for prevention. Measures to reduce the burden should involve the community, government, and religious bodies. Preventive measures should target the youths, the students, identified sources of the drugs, reasons and risk factors associated with drug abuse in Nigeria.

An assessment of factors associated with neurocognitive decline in people living with HIV

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110433
Author(s):  
Zaeema Naveed ◽  
Howard S Fox ◽  
Christopher S Wichman ◽  
Pamela May ◽  
Christine M Arcari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Neurocognitive Decline

Despite the widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) remains a health concern. However, limited research has been done to identify factors associated with neurocognitive decline. We assessed risk factors associated with neurocognitive decline in people living with HIV using a definition of decline that is statistically easy to adopt, is based on a commonly used neuropsychological cut-off and may be clinically relevant. Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed using the CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) study database. 581 participants were followed for up to 12 years. Neurocognitive decline was defined as the first observed drop in global T-scores of at least 2.67. Lifetime methamphetamine use had the strongest association with neurocognitive decline (adjusted Hazard Ratio; aHR = 1.48; 95% CI = 0.92–2.39) followed by no current antiretroviral medication use (aHR = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.91–1.92). Other risk factors included Hispanic ethnicity, lifetime history of major depressive disorder, lifetime cannabis use, hepatitis-C infection, and difficulty eating, dressing, bathing, or using the toilet. Results indicate that consistent use of ART may be of high significance to preserving neurocognition. Furthermore, Hispanic patients, those with a history of depression and substance use, and those having difficulty in essential activities of daily living may require vigilant follow-up.

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