The Relationship of Illness Perception and Medication Adherence in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Abstract Background: One of the most well-known chronic diseases in the world is diabetes. Disease perception is the patient's organized cognitive representation of his or her illness and can affect treatment adherence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between illness perception and adherence to the medical regimen in patients with type II diabetes. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 260 patients with type II diabetes referred to Gonabad Diabetes Clinic by systematic random sampling in 2019. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, Morisky medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and Brief illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software. And using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that the mean score of illness perception of type II diabetes was 46.39 ± 9.45 (range 0-70) and the mean score of medication Adherence was 2.93 ± 1.9 (range 0-8). The results of Pearson correlation test showed a significant relationship between illness perception and medication Adherence (P <0.001, r = 0.199). Also, the regression model showed that the dimensions of disease comprehension and personal control from illness perception were significantly related to medication Adherence of type II diabetic patients (P <0.001). Conclusion: By measuring the level of illness perception, the degree of medication Adherence can be predicted. Therefore, strengthening the illness perception in order to medication Adherence seems to be an important therapeutic strategy in educational interventions. Keywords: illness perception, medication Adherence, type II diabetes

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4070 Association of Interpersonal Processes of Care and Health Outcomes in Patients with Type II Diabetes

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2020.259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (s1) ◽

pp. 80-81

Author(s):

Hadley Reid ◽

Olivia M Lin ◽

Rebecca L Fabbro ◽

Kimberly S Johnson ◽

Laura P. Svetkey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Patient Perceptions ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Interpersonal Processes ◽

Processes Of Care ◽

Perceptions Of Care

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: 1. Understand the association between patient perceptions of care measured by the Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) Survey and glycemic control, appointment no-shows/cancellations and medication adherence in patients with type II diabetes. 2. Determine how these relationships differ by race for non-Hispanic White and Black patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This is a cross-sectional study of a random sample of 100 White and 100 Black Type II diabetic patients followed in Duke primary care clinics and prescribed antihyperglycemic medication. We will recruit through email and phone calls. Enrolled patients will complete the Interpersonal Processes of Care Short Form and Extent of Medication Adherence survey to measure patient perceptions of care (predictor) and medication adherence (secondary outcome). No show appointments and cancellations (secondary outcomes) and most recent hemoglobin A1c (primary outcome) will be collected from the Electronic Medical Record. We will also collect basic demographic information, insurance status, financial security, significant co-morbidities, and number and type (subcutaneous vs oral) of antihyperglycemic medications. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: -The study is powered to detect a 0.6% difference in HbA1c, our primary outcome, between high and low scorers on the Interpersonal Processes of Care subdomains. -We expect that higher patient scores in the positive domains of the IPC survey and lower DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study will provide information to develop and implement targeted interventions to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in patients with Type II diabetes. We hope to gain information on potentially modifiable factors in patient-provider interactions that can be intervened upon to improve prevention and long-term outcomes in these populations.

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Haemoglobin and flow-mediated vasodilation

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20050291 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 110 (4) ◽

pp. 467-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Per Lav Madsen ◽

Michaela Scheuermann Freestone ◽

Stefan Neubauer ◽

Keith Channon ◽

Kieran Clarke

Keyword(s):

Radial Artery ◽

Vascular Endothelium ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Peripheral Vasodilation ◽

Hb Concentration ◽

Flow Mediated Vasodilation ◽

The Relationship

A low [Hb] (Hb concentration) is out-balanced by peripheral vasodilation via mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Peripheral vasodilation is influenced by NO (nitric oxide) released from vascular endothelium in response to increased vessel wall shear stress, and absorption by Hb is the main mechanism by which the bioactivity of NO is disarmed. Thus we propose that graded NO absorption is the mechanism through which a low [Hb] is related to peripheral vasodilation. In the present study, we examined the relationship between [Hb] and FMD (flow-mediated vasodilation; 5 min of cuff ischaemia) of the radial and brachial arteries in 33 normal subjects and in 13 patients with Type II diabetes, known to have impaired NO-mediated vasodilation. The smaller radial artery provided the more sensitive test, as it had a 2-fold larger FMD than the brachial artery (22±18% compared with 9±18% respectively, in normal subjects; means±S.D., P<0.05). FMD of the radial artery had a negative correlation with [Hb] (r2=−0.66, P<0.05; n=27). In subjects with [Hb] below and above the median of 14.1 g/dl, the radial artery FMD was 30±22% compared with 13±12% respectively (P<0.05). In diabetic patients, FMD was lower and a co-variation with [Hb] could not be established. Thus, in normal subjects, NO-mediated endothelium-related vasodilation at least partly out-balanced the ‘added burden’ of a low [Hb] during post-ischaemic reperfusion.

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Evaluation of sweet taste sensitivity in type-II Diabetes Mellitus patients

International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.31878/ijcbr.2020.63.03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-12

Author(s):

Z. Naveen Kumar ◽

B.N.S. Gowri Kumari

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Taste Sensitivity ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Background: The objective is to evaluate the sweet taste sensitivity among type-II diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: This is a cross sectional study consisted of 227 subjects (127 type-II Diabetic patients & 100 non diabetic individuals) of both the genders and age matched. Sweet taste sensitivity tests were done using different concentrations of glucose solution and compared among the diabetic patients with FBS more than 180mg/dl and diabetic patients with FBS less than 180mg/dl and also compared among the diabetic patients and non diabetic individuals. The final concentration at which patient was able to perceive the taste was recorded. statistical analysis was done using Student’s unpaired T test. Pvalues of < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean of sweet taste sensitivity among diabetic patients with FBS >180 mg/dl was 6245 mg/l and the mean of sweet taste sensitivity in the diabetic patients with FBS <180 mg/dl was 2249mg/l with P<0.001 which is significant. The mean of sweet taste sensitivity among diabetic patients with FBS >180 mg/dl was 6245mg/l and the mean of sweet taste sensitivity in the non diabetic individuals was 1979mg/l with P<0.01 which is significant. the mean of sweet taste sensitivity among diabetic patients with FBS <180 mg/dl was 2249 mg/l and the mean of sweet taste sensitivity in the non diabetic individuals was 1979mg/l with P>0.05 which is not significant. Conclusion: In our study it was concluded that type-II Diabetes Mellitus patients have lesser sensitivity for the sweet taste. Loss of sensitivity leads to the increase in sugar consumption being the risk factor for worsening the disease.

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The relationship between Fear of Hypoglycemia and Sleep Quality among type II Diabetic Patients

10.21203/rs.2.10880/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Leili Yekefallah ◽

Farzaneh Talebi ◽

Ali Razaghpoor ◽

Mohammmad Hossein Mafi

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Type Ii ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Fear Of Hypoglycemia ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction and Objective Fear of hypoglycemia can result in anxiety, stress, anger, depression and severe avoidance behaviors that it affects the sleep quality of diabetic patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and sleep quality among type II diabetic patients. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 type II diabetic patients referred to endocrinology clinic of Velayat Hospital and Boali Hospital in Qazvin, in 2018. Data were collected using a checklist for demographic variables, the Fear of Hypoglycemia Survey (FHS-W), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation test were performed for data analysis using SPSS v24. Results In this study, the mean age of diabetic patients was 55.75±10.31. The majority of the participants were female (n=299, 74.8%) and were treated with oral anti-diabetic drugs (n=174, 43.5%). The mean score of sleep quality in patients was 8.98±3.64 and the fear of hypoglycemia was 21.27±11.92. The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between the fear of hypoglycemia and the poor sleep quality among patients (p<0.001, r=0.305). Conclusion The fear of hypoglycemia has a direct and significant relationship with poor sleep quality in diabetic patients; so that this fear reduces the quality of sleep in diabetic patients. Therefore, in order to provide adequate sleep to prevent inappropriate sleep complications, great attention should be paid to the issue of fear of hypoglycemia, and consider some actions to reduce this fear.

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Frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with newly diagnosed Type II Diabetes at DOW University Hospital, Karachi-Pakistan.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.11.4654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 1546-1551

Author(s):

Muhammad Umar Khan ◽

Akhtar Ali Baloch ◽

Muhammad Arsalan ◽

Syed Muhammad Adnan

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

University Hospital ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with newly diagnosed type 2. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Dow University Hospital. Period: October 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: A total 342 patients prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with newly diagnosed type II diabetes at Dow University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected through a questionnaire which is designed to record the age, gender, BMI, FBS, Waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL and triglyceride level of newly diagnosed of diabetic patients. Frequency and percentages were calculated for these variables. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the overall results. Results: A total of 342 new diagnosed diabetic were included in this study. 189 (55.26%) were males and 153 (44.74%) were females. The mean + SD of age was 48.21±9.28 years. The mean + SD of FBS was about 192±43 mg/dl with ranges from 98 to 482 mg/dl. The mean + SD of Serum TG was about 243±152 mg/dl with ranges from 189 to 325 mg/dl. The mean + SD HDL was about 38.9±9.23 mg/dl with ranges from 12 to 102 mg/dl. The mean + SD of waist circumference was about 110.5±11.90 cm. The mean + SD systolic & diastolic blood pressure was about 150 + 8.23 & 98 + 11.28 respectively. The mean + SD of BMI was 29.23+ 11.23. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 252 (73.68%) in newly diabetic patients. Conclusion: Metabolic syndromes were highly associated with newly diagnosed type II diabetes patients.

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Frequency of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus

10.53350/pjmhs211582243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 2243-2245

Author(s):

Bilal Rafique Malik ◽

Aneeqa Ilyas ◽

Rehan Anwar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Type Ii ◽

Pathology Laboratory ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus can prevent risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorder. Objective: To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus presenting in a tertiary care hospital for routine check-up Materials and Methods Study design: Cross sectional study Setting: Department of Medicine (South Medical Ward), Mayo Hospital, Lahore Duration: Six months i.e. 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Data collection procedure: Total 220 patients fulfilling selection criteria were enrolled in the study. Then blood samples were obtained and sent to the pathology laboratory of the hospital for assessment of lipid profile. Reports were assessed and level of cholesterol and triglycerides were noted and dyslipidemia was labeled, if levels were high. All this data was recorded in proforma. Results: In this study, the mean age of patients in this study was 52.71 ± 7.46 years. There were 104 (47.3%) males and 116 (52.7%) females. There were 92 (41.8%) patients of normal BMI, 72 (32.7%) patients were overweight and 56 (25.5%) patients were obese. The mean duration of diabetes was 18.30 ± 3.92 months. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 97 (44.09%) patients. Conclusion: Results of this study showed high frequency of dyslipidemia among diabetic patients. Key words: Dyslipidemia, Type II, Diabetes mellitus, Lipid profile

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Dyslipidemia in Type II Diabetes Mellitus - An assessment of the main lipoprotein abnormalities

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v15i1.21170 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 99-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Seema Goel ◽

Prem Kumar Garg ◽

Varun Malhotra ◽

Jyotsna Madan ◽

Subir Mitra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Medical Science ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Serum Samples ◽

The Mean ◽

Lipid Abnormalities

Background: Diabetes is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases and underlying lipid abnormalities. Dyslipidemia, a modifiable risk factor is often underdiagnosed and undertreated in our patients. Its early identification can make aggressive cardiovascular preventive management possible. This report seeks to determine the prevalence and pattern of lipid abnormalities in type II diabetes mellitus.Methods: The lipid profiles and fasting blood sugar values of 100 known diabetics were studied. Their serum samples were assessed for fasting blood glucose [FBG], total cholesterol [TC], triacylglycerol [TG], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] by using standard biochemical methods.Results: 83% of study subjects had lipid abnormalities. The mean TC, TG, LDL-C, and FBG levels were highly significant in the diabetics as compared to those in controls. It was found that 28% had hypercholesterolemia and 44% had hypertriglyceridemia. The mean HDL-C concentration was significantly high in female diabetics as compared to that in male diabetics. The correlation studies showed a non-significant negative correlation of FBG with TC, TG and LDL-C.Conclusion: In the diabetics, higher frequencies of high TC, high TG and high LDL-C levels are noted indicating diabetic patients were more prone for dyslipidemia which could cause cardiovascular disorders.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.99-102

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Relationship between uric acid and creatinine in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients: Vidarbha region of Maharashtra

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2479 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 3412-3417

Author(s):

Ranjit S. Ambad ◽

Rakesh Kumar Jha ◽

Lata Kanyal Butola ◽

Nandkishor Bankar ◽

Brij Raj Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

General Medicine ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Develop Type ◽

Low Levels

Prediabetes is a glucose homeostasis condition characterized by decreased absorption to glucose or reduced fasting glucose. Both of these are reversible stages of intermediate hyperglycaemia providing an increased type II DM risk. Pre-diabetes can therefore be viewed as a significant reversible stage which could lead to type II DM, and early detection of prediabetes may contribute to type II DM prevention. Prediabetes patients are at high risk for potential type II diabetes, and 70 percent of them appear to develop Type II diabetes within 10 years. The present study includes total 200 subjects that include 100 Prediabetic patients, 50 T2DM patients and 50 healthy individual. Blood samples were collected from the subjects were obtained for FBS, PPBS, Uric acid and Creatinine estimation, from OPD and General Medicine Wards. Present study showed low levels of Serum Uric Acid in prediabetic and T2DM patients were decreased as compared to control group, while the level of creatinine in prediabetic and diabetic were elevated as compared to control group, were not statically significant. Serum Uric Acid was high in control group and low in prediabetic and diabetic patients. Serum creatinine was declined in control group and increased in prediabetic and diabetic patients with increasing Fasting blood glucose level.

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P006: Characterizing patients with newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus in the emergency department: A one-year health records review

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2017.208 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (S1) ◽

pp. S79

Author(s):

H. Ali Khan ◽

K. Gushulak ◽

M. Columbus ◽

I.G. Stiell ◽

J.W. Yan

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Health Records ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year ◽

Diagnosed Diabetes ◽

Newly Diagnosed Diabetes

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent chronic condition that is usually managed in an outpatient setting. However, the emergency department (ED) plays a crucial role in the management of diabetic patients, particularly for those who are presenting with newly diagnosed diabetes. Little research has been done to characterize the population of patients presenting to the ED with hyperglycemia with no previous diagnosis of diabetes. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of patients who were newly diagnosed with diabetes in the ED and to compare those with newly diagnosed type I versus type II diabetes. Methods: A one-year health records review of newly diagnosed diabetes patients ≥18 years presenting to one of four tertiary care EDs was conducted. All patients with a discharge diagnosis of hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome were screened, but only those who did not have a previous history of diabetes were included. Trained research personnel collected data on patient characteristics, management, disposition, and outcome. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data where appropriate. Results: Of 645 patients presenting with hyperglycemia in the study period, 112 (17.4%) were newly diagnosed diabetes patients. Of these patients, 30 (26.8%) were later diagnosed with type I diabetes and 82 (73.2%) were diagnosed with type II diabetes. For the newly diagnosed type I patients the mean (SD) age was 27.6 (9.9) and the mean (SD) age for type II patients was 52.4 (14.1). Of all the new onset patients, 26.8% were diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. The percentage of patients diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis was higher in type I than type II (63.3% vs 13.4%; P<0.01). A total of 49 (43.8%) patients were admitted to the hospital, and more patients with type I were admitted compared to those with type II (66.7% vs 35.4 %; P<0.01). Conclusion: Limited research has been done to describe patients newly diagnosed with diabetes in the ED. Patients with type I were found to be more likely to present to the ED with serious symptoms requiring admission to hospital. Our findings demonstrate that the ED may have a strong potential role for improving diabetic care, by providing future opportunities for education and follow-up in the ED to reduce complications, particularly in type I.

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