scholarly journals Effects of Sintering Behaviors on Dimensional Accuracy, Surface Quality, and Mechanical Properties of Stereolithography-printed 3Y-ZrO2 Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Zhaoliang Jiang ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Weiwei Guo ◽  
Chengpeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Technical Guide

Abstract Sintering process is essential to acquire the final components by stereolithography (SLA), which is a promising additive manufacturing technology for the fabrication of complex, custom-designed dental implants. 3Y-ZrO2 ceramics at different sintering behaviors in air atmosphere were successfully obtained in this study. Firstly, the curing properties of homemade pastes were studied, and the penetration depth and critical exposure of the pastes were calculated as 17.2 μm and 4.80 mJ/cm2, respectively. The green ceramic parts were performed at 154 mW laser power and 6000 mm/s scanning speed. Then, the dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and mechanical properties of 3Y-ZrO2 ceramics were investigated. The shrinkages of length, width, and height were 26%~27 %, 30%~31 %, and 27%~33 % in sintered ceramics, respectively. The Ra values of XOY, YOZ, and XOZ surfaces showed an anisotropic feature, and they were smallest as 0.52 μm, 2.40 μm, and 2.46 μm, respectively. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties presented a similar trend that they grew first and then dropped at various sintering behaviors. The optimal parameters were 1500 ℃, 60 min, and 4 ℃/min, and the maximum relative density of 96.18 %, Vickers hardness of 12.45 GPa, and fracture toughness of 6.35 MPa·m1/2 were achieved. Finally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis demonstrated that no change was observed in crystal transformation and phase composition, and the organic was completely removed in sintered ceramics. This research is expected to provide a technical guide for the fabrication of ceramics for dental implants using SLA technique.

scholarly journals Influence of prolonged sintering time on density and electrical properties of isothermally sintered cordierite-based ceramics

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peles ◽  
N. Djordjevic ◽  
N. Obradovic ◽  
N. Tadic ◽  
V.B. Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
High Energy Ball Mill

Mechanical activation is a commonly used and relatively fast and inexpensive procedure for sample preparation before the sintering process. Cordierite, a stoichiometric mixture of three different oxides (2MgO?2Al2O3?5SiO2) is a very attractive, widely used high-temperature ceramic material. The mechanical activation of the starting mixtures with 5.00 mass% TiO2 was performed in a high energy ball mill during 10-80 min. The applied compaction pressure before the sintering process was 2t/cm2, based on our recent investigation. The sintering process was performed at 1350oC for 2h and 4h in air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the phase composition of non-activated and 80 min activated samples, sintered for 2 and 4h, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to analyze the microstructure of both compacted and sintered samples. Atomic force microscope was used to investigate the surface of the sintered samples. This paper investigates the influence of prolonged sintering time on the densities of the sintered samples, along with electrical properties.

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum-Copper Coating

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Mieczyslaw Scendo ◽  
Slawomir Spadlo ◽  
Katarzyna Staszewska-Samson ◽  
Piotr Mlynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Acidic Chloride Solution ◽  
Acidic Chloride ◽  
Electrical Discharge Alloying

Influence of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of the aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) coating on the aluminum substrate was investigated. The coating was produced by the electrical discharge alloying (EDA) method. The surface and microstructure of the specimens were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The phase analysis of the composite materials by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicated that intermetallic compounds (i.e., CuAl2 and Cu9Al4) were formed through reactions between Al and Cu. during the EDA process. A significant increase in the hardness of the Al-Cu coating was affected by the improvement of the alloy structure. The heat treatment of materials was carried out at 400 °C or 600 °C in the air atmosphere. A corrosion test of materials was carried out by using electrochemical methods. The corrosive environment was acidic chloride solution. After heat treatment at 400 °C the mechanical properties of the Al/Cu alloy increased significantly and the oxide layer protect of the alloy surface against corrosion. However, after heat treatment at elevated temperature, i.e., 600 °C it was found that the (Al2O3)ads and (CuO)ads coatings were destroyed. The mechanical properties of the Al/Cu alloy decreased, and its surface has undergone deep electrochemical corrosion.

Fabrication and Characterization of Alumina/Zirconia Ceramic Compound

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bum Rae Cho ◽  
Ji Hoon Chae ◽  
Bo Lang Kim ◽  
Jong Bong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Sintering Aids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

Sintered ZTA(zirconia toughened alumina) which has good mechanical properties at a low temperature was produced by milling and mixing with Al2O3 and ZrO2(3Y-TZP). In order to examine the effect of sintering aids on the mechanical properties of ZTA, fracture toughness and hardness of the produced ZTA were observed in accordance with change of the added quantity of ZrO2 Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique were applied to observe microstructural change and phase transformation during the process. Experimental results showed that the addition of sintering aids in ZTA at a low temperature induced densification and adding SiO2 and talc lowered sintering temperature and promoted crystallization process of the compound. The mechanical strength of ZTA added ZrO2 showed higher mechanical strength and SEM analysis revealed that Al2O3 and ZrO2 during the sintering process restrained the grain growth each other. Especially, the 92% Al2O3 added sintering aids showed more than 98% of the theoretical density and more than 1500 Hv of hardness value at a low temperature of 1400. It was also showed that the fracture toughness is gradually increasing first and decreasing later in accordance with the quantity of ZrO2.

Mechanical Properties Improvement of Porous Titanium-Bioglass Nanocomposites by Mechanical Alloying

2013 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 319-323
Author(s):  
Saeed Riahi ◽  
Mohammad Rajabi ◽  
Sayed Mahmood Rabiee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Space Holder

In this study, porous titanium-10 wt.% bioglass nanocomposites were fabricated by the combination of mechanical alloying and a space holder sintering process. The mixed powders were mechanically alloyed for 15 h. The blended Ti-Bioglass was mixed with 30 wt.% carbamide as a space holder. The mixtures were uniaxially pressed and finally, the green compacts sintered at 1150°C for 5 hours. The porous structures are characterized by X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties were examined using micro hardness and compression tests. The investigation revealed that after 15 h of milling, the Bioglass dissolved in Ti lattice. Also, results show that nanostructured Ti-10 wt.% Bioglass with 31.5 nm crystallite size possess greater hardness compared to respective microcrystalline titanium and desirable compressive strength for using in biomedical application.

scholarly journals The influence of compaction pressure on the density and electrical properties of cordierite-based ceramics

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Obradovic ◽  
N. Djordjevic ◽  
A. Peles ◽  
S. Filipovic ◽  
M. Mitric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
High Energy Ball Mill ◽  
Energy Ball

Due to its characteristics, cordierite, 2MgO?2Al2O3?5SiO2, is a high-temperature ceramic material of a great scientific interest. Mechanical activation of the starting mixtures containing 5.00 mass% TiO2 was performed in a high-energy ball mill for 10 minutes. The compaction pressure varied from 0.5 to 6tcm-2 (49-588 MPa). The sintering process was performed at 1350?C for four hours in the air atmosphere. The phase composition of the activated and sintered samples was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the microstructure of both compacted and sintered samples. The authors have investigated the influence of compaction pressure on the sintered samples and their electrical properties.

Microstructure and Properties of Zn61Al34M5 Alloy Produced by Rapid Solidification and Warm-Compacting Sintering Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 829-832
Author(s):  
Hai Yi Lou ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Biao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Scanning Electron

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly developed Zn61Al34M5 (M=Cu, Si, RE, et al.) alloy obtained by warm-compacting sintering technique were studied using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) associated with measurements of mechanical properties. The results showed that the new alloy consisted of α-phase and η-phase and have good plasticity; its hardness increased by 10%~20% and density decreased by about 16% as compared with those of the traditional cast Zn-Al alloys.

Influence of chemical postprocessing on mechanical properties of laser-sintered polyamide 12 parts

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 830-837
Author(s):  
Andreas Wörz ◽  
Livia C. Wiedau ◽  
Katrin Wudy ◽  
Andreas Wegner ◽  
Gerd Witt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Polyamide 12 ◽  
High Surface Roughness ◽  
Powder Particles

Abstract A limiting factor for industrial usage of laser-sintered parts is the high surface roughness due to the semi-molten or attaching powder particles resulting from tool and pressureless manufacturing. An approach to improve the surface quality is the postprocessing with acids to smoothen the surface as it enables improvement without geometrical restrictions of the parts. The present work deals with the usage of nitric, hydrochloric, and trifluoroacetic acids, and exhibits the influence on the resulting surface morphology, dimensional accuracy, and the mechanical properties. The results exhibit different interaction mechanics and show great differences in the resulting part properties.

scholarly journals Influence of Sintering Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti(C,N)-Based Cermet

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3938
Author(s):  
Kaixun Ji ◽  
Yanxin Meng ◽  
Fuzeng Wang ◽  
Yousheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vacuum Sintering ◽  
Material Microstructure ◽  
Cermet Material ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

In this study, a Ti(C,N)-based cermet material was prepared through vacuum sintering. The research also investigates how holding time and maximum sintering temperature influence the material microstructure and mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the composition of the cermet. The microstructure of the cermet was analyzed and examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A Vickers hardness tester was used to test the mechanical properties of the materials. As indicated by testing results, the hardness of the material decreases as the temperature of sintering increases, and its fracture toughness increases gradually as holding time increases. Ti(C,N)-based cermet manifested the optimal mechanical properties when sintering was conducted under 1400 °C with 80 min of holding time. Moreover, the material microstructure is significantly affected by the sintering process. The grain size of Ti(C,N) cermets increases as the sintering temperature increases. The microstructure tends to be uniform and the complete core-rim structures are established as the holding time increases.

scholarly journals Emerging trend in manufacturing of 3D biomedical components using selective laser sintering: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Gazanfar Mustafa Ali syed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Published Research

Additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) process is an emerging technique for the fabrication of biomedical components. Selective laser sintering or melting is one of the widely used additive printing technology for manufacturing of metallic and non-metallic components used in the industry. This review paper presents, a summary of the published research papers on the fabrication of biomedical components using selective laser sintering technique. Therefore, author meticulously attempted to investigate individual biocompatible material-wise review which includes Ti6Al4V, Ti-7.5 Mo alloy, β-Ti35Zr28Nb, PEEK, PA2200, and Polyamide/Hydroxyapatite. In addition, this article also explores the effects of the various laser sintering process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, density of the material on the mechanical properties, tribological properties, porosity and surface roughness of the fabricated alloy. Moreover, the author also investigated challenges and future prospective of the laser processing of biomedical implants.

Mechanical Properties of Microwave Sintered 60YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP Bioceramics Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
M.R.N. Liyana ◽  
Nur Maizatul Shima Adzali ◽  
W. Rahman ◽  
M.Z.M. Zamzuri ◽  
Harun Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Large Particles

Microwave heating technology promising shorter processing times and less energy consumption beneficial for economic perspective with improved properties and better microstructural control. This study focussed on microwave sintered bioceramics material of 60YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP mixture fabricated by powder metallurgy route. The study was conducted based on three different sintering temperatures, starting with 900 °C, 1000°C ended with 1100°C. Mechanical properties of materials such as porosity, density, hardness and compressive strength were then determined for each composites. Results showed that lowest porosity was obtained at 1000°C which promoting to higher density, hardness and compressive strength. However, the increasing sintering temperature up to 1100 °C was initiated the decomposition of HAP and constitutes the formation of CaZrO3determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Microstructure characterization by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observed the growth of large particles and pores result in excessive grain coarsening. Better sinterability was achieved through an adequate sintering temperature of 1000°C with no reaction reported between HA and ZrO2during the sintering process facilitate by microwave hybrid heating. The pores was found to be interconnected for each composites via microwave heating expected to be useful for biomedical application which was favorable to osteo-integration.

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