scholarly journals Quantification of noncellulosic polysaccharides and other components in vegetable raw materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Э.И. Евстигнеев
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Preliminary Extraction

Предложен метод количественного определения нецеллюлозных полисахаридов в растительном сырье (древесине и сельскохозяйственных растениях). Он предусматривает определение в анализируемых образцах общего содержания полисахаридов и целлюлозы, а нецеллюлозные полисахариды определяются по разности. В качестве метода определения целлюлозы использовали азотно-спиртовый метод (метод Кюршнера), который отличается простотой и отсутствием необходимости предварительной экстракции образца, поскольку этанол является лучшим растворителем экстрактивных веществ среди индивидуальных растворителей. Для корректировки содержания целлюлозы Кюршнера на «чистую» целлюлозу в ней бромид-броматным методом определяются остаточные пентозаны. Как показали результаты анализа образцов с известным содержанием нецеллюлозных полисахаридов, разработанный метод позволяет определять указанные компоненты с высокой точностью (относительная ошибка определения не превышает 4,3%). Кроме того, в работе предложена схема определения основных компонентов растительного сырья. Она включает в себя определение полисахаридов, целлюлозы, нецеллюлозных полисахаридов, лигнина, экстрактивных веществ и золы. С ее помощью можно достаточно полно охарактеризовать компонентный состав сырья растительного происхождения, не прибегая к использованию специального оборудования. С помощью новой схемы анализа определены различия в содержании и составе полисахаридов древесины хвойных и лиственных пород. The method of quantitative determination of noncellulosic polysaccharides in vegetable raw materials (wood and agricultural plants) is offered. He provides determination in the analyzed samples the general content of polysaccharides and cellulose, and noncellulosic polysaccharides are determined by a difference. As a method of determination of cellulose used Kürschner method which differs in simplicity and lack of need of preliminary extraction of a sample as ethanol is the best solvent of extractive substances among individual solvents. For correction of content of Kürschner cellulose on «pure» cellulose residual pentosans are determined by bromide bromated method. As have shown results of the analysis of samples with the known content of noncellulosic polysaccharides, the developed method allows to determine the specified components with high precision (the relative error of definition doesn't exceed 4.3%). Besides, in work the scheme determination of the main components of vegetable raw materials is offered. It includes determination of polysaccharides, cellulose, noncellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, extractive substances and ashes. With her help it is possible to characterize rather fully component composition of vegetable raw materials without resorting to use of the special equipment. Differences in contents and composition of polysaccharides of wood of coniferous and deciduous breeds are defined by the new scheme of the analysis.

scholarly journals Improvement of the scheme analysis of the component composition of a larch wood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Э.И. Евстигнеев
Keyword(s):  
Component Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quantitative Definition ◽  
Scheme Analysis

Разработана схема анализа компонентного состава лиственницы, предусматривающая определение таких компонентов, как полисахариды, целлюлоза, нецеллюлозные полисахариды, лигнин, экстрактивные вещества и зола. В отличие от известных схем анализа химического состава древесины, она содержит новую стадию, а именно определение общего содержания полисахаридов фотоколориметрическим методом. Обычно для этой цели используют определение холоцеллюлозы, однако известные методы не позволяют выделить все полисахариды, поскольку в процессе выделения часть из них неизбежно утрачивается. Зная общее содержание полисахаридов, можно определить содержание нецеллюлозных полисахаридов. Такой подход имеет явное преимущество, по сравнению с традиционно используемым определением отдельно гемицеллюлоз и отдельно водорастворимых полисахаридов, так как в этом случае происходит потеря части полисахаридов. Предложенная схема дает возможность достаточно полно охарактеризовать компонентный состав древесины лиственницы, не прибегая к использованию специального оборудования. Разработанный метод определения арабиногалактана обладает высокой селективностью к определяемому компоненту древесины в присутствии большого количества примесей, в связи с чем он может быть рекомендован для количественного определения арабиногалактана как в водных растворах, так и в древесине. The scheme of the analysis of component structure of a larch providing determination of such components as polysaccharides, cellulose, not cellulose polysaccharides, lignin, extractive substances and ashes is developed. Unlike the known schemes of the analysis of the chemical composition of wood, it contains a new stage, namely determination of the general content of polysaccharides by a photocolorimetric method. Usually, for this purpose use definition of a holocellulose, however the known methods do not allow to emit all polysaccharides as in the course of allocation part of them is inevitably lost. Knowing the general content of polysaccharides, it is possible to determine the content of not cellulose polysaccharides. Such approach has clear advantage in comparison with traditionally used determination separately of hemicelluloses and separately water-soluble polysaccharides since in this case there is a loss of a part of polysaccharides. The scheme offered in work, gives the chance rather fully to characterize component composition of wood of a larch, without resorting to use of the special equipment. The developed method of an arabinogalactan determination has high selectivity to the defined wood component in the presence of a large amount of impurity in this connection it can be recommended for quantitative definition of an arabinogalactan both in water solutions, and in wood.

scholarly journals Prospects Of Using Walnut In Technologies Of Drinks

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Inna Tiurikova ◽  
Mykhailo Peresichnyi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The results of studies in the field of beverage functionality using walnut are presented. The main components such as celery, Jerusalem artichokes, carrots, pumpkin and rhubarb, as a dietary supplement - extracts from walnut of milk-maturity stage are offered for creating blends. The basic physical and chemical properties of fruit and vegetable raw materials and semi-finished products created on the base of them have been studied, and their nutritional and biological value has been proved. Rational technologies of fruit and vegetable blends with nut additives have been identified. Their biological value has been confirmed. Drinks are recommended for use in the daily diet of human beings to satisfy thirst and enrich the body by biologically valuable components.

Synthesis and Structure Determination of Carbonized Nano Mesoporous Materials Based on Vegetable Raw Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1041-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seitkhan Azat ◽  
Valodia V. Pavlenko ◽  
Almagul R. Kerimkulova ◽  
Zulkhair A. Mansurov
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Materials ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Agricultural Products

This article presents the results of the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials: Nanoscale materials obtained by carbonization of waste agricultural products (apricot kernel, walnut, rice husk). The results of physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained nanomaterials.

scholarly journals METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ARABINOXYLANS IN CEREALS (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Lilia Firdavisovna Gilmullina ◽  
Mira Leonidovna Ponomareva ◽  
Sergey Nikolayevich Ponomarev ◽  
Gul'naz Suleymanovna Mannapova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Deep Impact ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Cereal Plant ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Cereal Plants ◽  
Qualitative Determination

Arabinoxylans (AXs) – non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs)  is one of the most discussed main components contained in all parts of cereal plants. AXs combine bioactive and technological functions. As dietary fibres, they have physiologically beneficial properties for human health. AXs are water-soluble and insoluble in water. The structure, structure, quantity and properties of AXs depend on which part of the grain or cereal plant is extracted and which method of isolation is used. There are many different methods of preliminary and deep impact aimed at extraction of AXs from plant raw materials. The use of a simple method or complex treatment for quantitative and qualitative determination of AXs depends on objectives and possibilities. The overview provides data on AXs content of different crops, depending on the extraction method. The main classical methods of AXs extraction, their advantages, disadvantages, and possible limitations of use are described. The variants of calculation of the quantitative AXs content used by different authors are separately considered.

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF OBTAINING CO2 EXTRACTS FROM GRAIN AND NUT RAW MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.М. МЕДВЕДЕВ ◽  
К.Ш. САКИБАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

Разработана технология получения СО2экстрактов с повышенным выходом СО2экстрактивных веществ после предварительной обработки зернового и орехового сырья электромагнитным полем низкой частоты (ЭМП НЧ) 28,36 Гц. Растительное сырье семена амаранта, винограда, расторопши пятнистой, ростки пшеницы, арахис, миндаль, ядра фисташковых и ореха грецкого подвергли измельчению в крупку размером 2 3 мм для дальнейшей обработки на вальцевом станке (d 0,2 мм). Измельченное сырье помещали в радиопрозрачный короб и трижды подвергали воздействию ЭМП НЧ по 20 мин с перерывом по 30 мин. Обработанное электромагнитным полем сырье заключили в сетчатую кассету и загрузили внутрь СО2экстрактора, работающего в докритическом режиме при давлении 6,5 МПа и температуре 22С. Продолжительность процесса экстракции сырья, ч: орехового 4,0 зернового 2,5. Установлено увеличение выхода биокомпонентов в экстракт из орехов и зерна, подвергнутых воздействию электромагнитных волн, по сравнению с контрольными образцами без обработки ЭМП НЧ. Выход СО2экстрактивных веществ из сырья до обработки и после обработки ЭМП НЧ составил, : арахис 8,0 и 14,1 орех грецкий 10,2 и 16,3 семена амаранта 4,7 и 5,4 семена винограда 6,0 и 6,5 соответственно. Концентрация фенольных веществ в экстрактах повысилась на 15, витаминов С и Р на 6,2 и 7,0 соответственно. Применение электромагнитного излучения НЧ привело к сокращению продолжительности экстракции из зернового и орехового сырья в 1,2 раза. A technology has been developed for producing CO2 extracts with an increased yield of CO2 extractives after preliminary processing of grain and nut raw materials with a low frequency electromagnetic field (LF EMF) of 28,36 Hz. Vegetable raw materials amaranth seeds, grapes, milk thistle, wheat germ, peanuts, almonds, pistachio kernels and walnuts kernels were crushed into a grain size of 2 3 mm for further processing on a roller machine (d 0,2 mm). The crushed raw material was placed in a radiotransparent box and exposed to LF EMF three times for 20 min with a break of 30 min. The raw material processed by the electromagnetic field was enclosed in a mesh cassette and loaded inside a CO2 extractor operating in a subcritical mode at a pressure of 6,5 MPa and a temperature of 22C. The duration of the extraction process of raw materials, h: nut 4,0 grain 2,5. An increase in the yield of biocomponents in the extract from nuts and grains exposed to electromagnetic waves was established compared with the control samples without processing the LF EMF. The yield of СО2 extractive substances from the raw materials before and after the treatment of LF EMF was, : peanuts 8,0 and 14,1 walnut 10,2 and 16,3 amaranth seeds 4,7 and 5,4 grape seeds 6,0 and 6,5, respectively. The concentration of phenolic substances in the extracts increased by 15, vitamins C and P by 6,2 and 7,0, respectively. The use of electromagnetic radiation of low frequency led to a reduction in the duration of extraction from grain and nut raw materials by 1,2 times.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW ALCOHOL BEVERAGES BASED ON SUGAR SORGHUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Karputina ◽  
D. Khargeliia ◽  
I. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Low Alcohol ◽  
By Products

The current market of low-alcohol beverages has been evaluated. The production of alcohol-free beverages is characterized by an extremely wide variety of raw materials. It is allowed to use juices, concentrates, infusions, and extracts of vegetable raw materials, flavours, emulsions, aromatic bases, food acids, vitamins, colourants, stabilizers, preservatives, clarifiers, opacifiers, sweeteners, and other raw materials that meet the requirements of regulations in effect and are authorized by the Ministry of Health. It has been established that the use of natural vegetable raw materials, which are a source of biologically active substances, will help increase the demand for these beverages. As such raw material, it has been suggested to use sugar sorghum, which is a promising agricultural crop and is characterized by a rich component composition. It has been suggested to obtain low-alcohol beverages by wort fermentationon on the basis of sugar sorghum juice, with the addition of apple and apple-cherry concentrates. The physicochemical parameters of the wort have been determined, and suggested the modes of its fermentation with dry yeast from the manufacturers Biowin (Brewgo-01) and Fermivin (Gervin GV1), related to brewing and wine yeast races, respectively. The influence of these yeasts on the accumulation of fermentation by-products and on the formation of organoleptic characteristics of beverages has been investigated. It has been found that in the samples studied, most of the fermentation by-products are in quantities close to the perception threshold, and, certainly, they affect the taste and aroma profile of the finished beverages. The profile charts of taste and aroma have been constructed, and the conclusion has been drawn about the prospects of using sugar sorghum juice in the low-alcohol beverages technology based on natural raw materials.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL THE VEGETABLE RAW MATERIAL SCHISANDRA CHINENSIS: LEAVES, WOODY STEMS, RHIZOMES WITH ROOTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Юрий (Yuriy) Алексеевич (Alekseevich) Морозов (Morozov) ◽  
Ифрат (Ifrat) Назимович (Nazimovich) Зилфикаров (Zilfikarov) ◽  
Елизавета (Elizaveta) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Морозова (Morozova) ◽  
Аслан (Aslan) Мурадалиевич (Muradalievich) Алиев (Aliev) ◽  
Тимур (Timur) Алгасанович (Algasanovich) Ибрагимов (Ibragimov)
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Schisandra Chinensis ◽  
Marker Substances ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the component composition of essential oil samples obtained from various vegetable raw materials of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.): branches (woody stems), rhizomes with roots and leaves. The extraction of essential oils was carried out by distillation with water vapor followed by extraction from the distillate with ethoxyethane. The largest yield of essential oil in terms of completely dry raw material is registered from rhizomes with roots – 0.99%; the yield from leaves and branches was approximately the same: 0.51% and 0.52%, respectively. A comparative analysis of the component composition of the obtained essential oils was carried out using the gas chromatography / mass spectrometry method. In the essential oil of the leaves 29 detected compounds (identified by 21 connection; dominant components: Cyclohexylmethyl ether sulphurous acid, (+)-trans-nerolidol, δ-cadinene, Tridec-(2E)-EN-1-ol), woody stems 80 connections (identified 65 compounds; dominant components: ß-pinene, Camphene, Bornylacetate, (+)-trans-nerolidol, p-tsimen, Tridecan-2-it, δ-cadinene), rhizomes with roots 78 of the compounds (60 compounds identified; dominant components: δ-cadinene, Bornylacetate, β-pinene, Camphene, Nerolidol-(E), Tridecan-2-it, γ-cadinene, Borneol). For each sample of the studied essential oils selectivity and marker substances were established.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE ENERGY PROCESS ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANT RAW MATERIAL OB-TAINED FROM LEAVES OF THE ASPEN OF THE GENERAL

2018 ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Viktorovna Nekhorosheva ◽  
Sergey Viktorovich Nekhoroshev ◽  
Aleksey Anatol'yevich Drenin ◽  
Erkin Hozhiakbirovich Botirov ◽  
Nikolay Viktorovich Gornikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Approaches

The analysis of the chemical composition of the vegetable raw materials received from leaves of an aspen ordinary, family plants Willow (Salicaceae), growing in the territory of the Khanty-Mansi autonomous district Yugra is provided in article. The choice of raw materials is caused by a large supply and fast reproducibility of a raw resource. In work numerical indicators and indicators of high quality of raw materials are established (humidity, the general ashes, sulphatic ashes, ashes not soluble in 10% to hydrochloric acid, extractive substances). The way of extraction of vegetable raw materials is reasonable, the comparative characteristic of content of extractive substances is provided in the received extracts. It is shown that the average content of extractive substances in native samples is 27.9%, the content of polysaccharides – 10.9%. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of biologically active agents is carried out by method of a highly effective liquid chromatography. The dominating components in samples of the plants growing in the territory of one land plot are салицин 510 mg of %, гиперозид 170 mg of %, routines of 210 mg of %. Influence of process of fermentation on the chemical composition of the vegetable raw materials received from leaves of an aspen ordinary is studied. The greatest exit of phenolic connections at impact on vegetable raw materials of fermentation is established by cold. The positive effect of impact of fermentation by crushing on quantity of the identified biologically active components is defined. Work was carried out for assessment of phytochemical parameters of quality of vegetable raw materials and formation of justification of analytical approaches to diagnostics of vegetable raw materials of the explored territory.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF FRUIT-BERRY WINE TECHNOLOГY BASED ON BIOCATALYTIC PROCESSES

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Components

In the conditions of Uzbekistan, to increase the ranгe of production of natural and environmentally friendly wine products from fruit and berry raw materials, as well as to effectively use raw materials, the production of export-oriented natural younг wines is a very urгent problem, based on the fact that the purpose of our study was to improve the existinг technoloгies in the Republic. for the production of fruit and berry wines on a biocatalytic basis, by stimulatinг zymoгenic enzymes of raw materials and yeast exohydrolases. To achieve this гoal, berries such as red cherries, strawberries, raspberries, currants and shotut were used as objects. The subject of the study was the creation of a fundamentally new technoloгy for the production of natural and export-oriented wine products from fruit and berry raw materials, as well as the research method was the determination of physicochemical, biochemical, technical and technoloгical parameters and the analysis of orгanoleptic indicators of objects by standard methods. The study showed that under an unfavorable environment, the cells of fruit and berry raw materials fall into stress as a result, under the influence of zymogenic exo- and endo enzymes of plant cells, it degrades biopolymers such as pectin and protein, which are the main components of the cytoplasmic membrane of cells, and a fundamentally new technology was developed, which allows to separate the fermentation process from the extraction of valuable components of raw materials due to the enhancement of the secondary metabolism of yeast associated with "high synthesis" in a controlled fermentation process. Moreover, in the process of carbon dioxide maceration, the yield of high-quality juice from 1 ton of raw material was increased by 10-12%, and the yield of wine material due to a decrease in yeast increased by 3.5%, due to the continuity of the process by 0.7% and the biosynthesis of ethyl alcohol was increased by 1 ÷ 1.5% vol. Natural wine products have been developed that have a pleasant harmonious taste and aroma due to their organoleptic properties.

scholarly journals Commercial Indicators of Stock Salvia stepposa L. Sage Harvested in Astrakhan Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
T. Polukhina
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Methods ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Extractive Substances

Abstract. This article presents the results of commercial scientific indicators of steppe sage raw materials harvested in the Astrakhan region: humidity, total ash, ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid and determined the quantitative content of the sum of extractive substances. Determination of extractives in the raw materials sage steppe performed gravimetrically. All received data are statistically processed. In conclusion, recommendations for the use of the highest quality and optimal methods for determining the content of substances in the sage.

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