scholarly journals Effect of Ethyl Acetate, Time and Particle Size on the Kinetics of the Oleoresin Extraction Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. F15-F23
Author(s):  
M.S. Olakunle ◽  
A.O. Ameh ◽  
T. Oyegoke ◽  
H.U. Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Order Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the extraction of oleoresin from ginger using ethyl acetate as the solvent was studied in this work. The effects of particle size and extraction time on oleoresin’s solvent extraction were studied to obtain optimization data. The temperature of the process was kept constant at 40 °C. The Ginger particle sizes considered ranged between 1200-250 microns at extraction times ranging between 10–70 minutes. Experimental data generated were fitted into an empirical model to determine the kinetic parameters. The oleoresin yield increases with increasing extraction time up to an optimum time, after which the yield remains constant and yield also increase with decreasing particle size. The results obtained from the kinetics studies revealed that the introduction of the constant term accounting for the diffusion step separately (as an addition) into a single step first-order model (Patricelli’s first order model) raises the R-squared values from 87 % fitness of the model into becoming 99 % with the experimental data. This improved form of Patricelli’s first-order model was found to show a good agreement with Patricelli’s 2-step kinetic model. These findings confirmed that the oleoresin extraction process in the presence of ethyl acetate was found to be first-order kinetics involving two steps mechanism where the use of a single-step first-order model (Patricelli’s first-order kinetic model) and the choice of using ethyl acetate must have contributed to the strong resistance present in the first step of the extraction mechanism especially for the smaller particle size (250 microns). In getting the extraction yield improved, this study, therefore, recommends the use of small particle sizes (< 250 microns), higher temperatures (> 40 °C), and/or better alternative solvents like ethanol.

scholarly journals Effect of Ethyl Acetate, Time and Particle Size on the Kinetics of the Oleoresin Extraction Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. F15-F23
Author(s):  
M. S. Olakunle ◽  
A. O. Ameh ◽  
T. Oyegoke ◽  
H. U. Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Order Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the extraction of oleoresin from ginger using ethyl acetate as the solvent was studied in this work. The effects of particle size and extraction time on oleoresin’s solvent extraction were studied to obtain optimization data. The temperature of the process was kept constant at 40 °C. The Ginger particle sizes considered ranged between 1200-250 microns at extraction times ranging between 10–70 minutes. Experimental data generated were fitted into an empirical model to determine the kinetic parameters. The oleoresin yield increases with increasing extraction time up to an optimum time, after which the yield remains constant and yield also increases with decreasing particle size. The results obtained from the kinetics studies revealed that the introduction of the constant term accounting for the diffusion step separately (as an addition) into a single step first-order model (Patricelli’s first order model) raises the R-squared values from 87 % fitness of the model into becoming 99 % with the experimental data. This improved form of Patricelli’s first-order model was found to show a good agreement with Patricelli’s 2-step kinetic model. These findings confirmed that the oleoresin extraction process in the presence of ethyl acetate was found to be first-order kinetics involving two steps mechanism where the use of a single-step first-order model (Patricelli’s first-order kinetic model) and the choice of using ethyl acetate must have contributed to the strong resistance present in the first step of the extraction mechanism especially for the smaller particle size (250 microns). In getting the extraction yield improved, this study, therefore, recommends the use of small particle sizes (< 250 microns), higher temperatures (> 40 °C), and/or better alternative solvents like ethanol. Keywords: ethyl acetate, extraction, oleoresin, modeling.

scholarly journals Kinetics and Photodegradation Study of Aqueous Methyltert-Butyl Ether Using Zinc Oxide: The Effect of Particle Size

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaki S. Seddigi ◽  
Saleh A. Ahmed ◽  
Shahid P. Ansari ◽  
Ekram Danish ◽  
Abdullah Abu Alkibash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mercury Lamp ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
First Order ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Kinetics Of

Zinc oxide of different average particle sizes 25 nm, 59 nm, and 421 nm as applied in the photodegradation of MTBE. This study was carried out in a batch photoreactor having a high pressure mercury lamp. Zinc oxide of particle size of 421 nm was found to be the most effective in degrading MTBE in an aqueous solution. On using this type of ZnO in a solution of 100 ppm MTBE, the concentration of MTBE has decreased to 5.1 ppm after a period of five hours. The kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation of MTBE was found to be a first order reaction.

Hydrolysis Kinetics of Straw Biomass Catalyzed by Diluted Sulphuric Acid in the Present of Fe2+

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Wen Jiang ◽  
Can Chen Bai ◽  
Hao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Hydrolysis Kinetics ◽  
First Order ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Catalyst ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This study focuses on kinetics of straw hydrolysis using sulfuric acid catalyst to produce fermentable sugars. The result shows the degradation of sugars is encountered during the hydrolysis of straw biomass. A consecutive first-order reactions kinetic model is proposed and the kinetic model well agrees with the experimental data. It turns out that rate of sugar formation and degradation is small at lower experimental temperature. The reactions rates constant k1 including the formation of sugar begins to increase rapidly when the Fe2+concentration increases from 0.125 to 0.500molL-1. However, the rate constant k2 relevant with the degradation of sugar varies unsensibly below 0.375molL-1 Fe2+and it is accelerated as the Fe2+concentration increases to 0.500molL-1. Thus the optimum yield is obtained at 0.375molL-1 Fe2+concentration.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene on Sulfided Commercial Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Al-Zeghayer ◽  
B.Y. Jibril
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Order Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Catalytic Sites ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

Kinetics of hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) has been studied on a commercial CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst at 633 - 683 K and 10 atm. A low DBT concentration typically obtained in hydrodesulfurization operations was used. Pseudo-first-order model was found to fit the experimental data for the consumption of DBT. The activation energy for the conversion of DBT was found to be 51.7 kcal/mol. Biphenyl (BP) and cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) were obtained as dominant products. For the reaction network, both parallel and parallel-sequential routes were explored. The latter was found to give a better description of the BP and CHB distributions. The ratio of BP to CHB depended on the reaction temperature. The values of activation energies of DBT hydrogenolysis to BP (EBP), DBT hydrogenation to CHB (ECHB1) and hydrogenation of BP to CHB (ECHB2) were found to be in a decreasing order of ECHB2 > EBP > ECHB1. The result suggests the presence of different catalytic sites leading to the two products on the catalysts. 

Diffusion model for deposition of epitaxial GaAs layers prepared by the MOCVD method

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2020-2029
Author(s):  
Jindřich Leitner ◽  
Petr Voňka ◽  
Josef Stejskal ◽  
Přemysl Klíma ◽  
Rudolf Hladina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Epitaxial Gaas ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Good Agreement

The authors proposed and treated quantitatively a kinetic model for deposition of epitaxial GaAs layers prepared by reaction of trimethylgallium with arsine in hydrogen atmosphere. The transport of gallium to the surface of the substrate is considered as the controlling process. The influence of the rate of chemical reactions in the gas phase and on the substrate surface on the kinetics of the deposition process is neglected. The calculated dependence of the growth rate of the layers on the conditions of the deposition is in a good agreement with experimental data in the temperature range from 600 to 800°C.

EFFECT OF NANO PARTICLE SIZES ON HIGH PRESSURE RAMAN SCATTERING IN NANOCRYSTALLINE CERIUM DIOXIDE

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 2399-2405 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. JIMLIM ◽  
T. BOVORNRATANARAKS ◽  
W. CHAIMAYO ◽  
S. PRATONTEP
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Raman Frequency ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
First Order ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Diamond Anvil

Nanocrystalline CeO 2 with different particle sizes has been studied under high pressure using Raman spectroscopy techniques and diamond anvil cell at room temperature. The pressure shift of the first-order Raman frequency for each particle sizes was measured. Linear dependence of the first order Raman frequency on pressure for each particle sizes has been observed. We found that the first order Raman frequency decreases with the decreasing particle sizes under ambient condition and the lattice constant increases with the decreasing particle size. The increasing molar fraction of oxygen vacancies with the decreasing particle size is responsible for the lattice expansion.

scholarly journals Improvement of recovered activity and stability of the Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase immobilized on duolite A568 by combination of immobilization methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Falleiros ◽  
Bruna Cabral ◽  
Janaína Fischer ◽  
Carla Guidini ◽  
Vicelma Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Thermal Deactivation ◽  
Order Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Immobilized Biocatalyst ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of

The immobilization and stabilization of Aspergillus oryzae ?-galactosidase on Duolite??A568 was achieved using a combination of physical adsorption, incubation step in buffer at pH 9.0 and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and in this sequence promoted a 44% increase in enzymatic activity as compared with the biocatalyst obtained after a two-step immobilization process (adsorption and cross-linking). The stability of the biocatalyst obtained by three-step immobilization process (adsorption, incubation in buffer at pH 9.0 and cross-linking) was higher than that obtained by two-steps (adsorption and cross-linking) and for free enzyme in relation to pH, storage and reusability. The immobilized biocatalyst was characterized with respect to thermal stability in the range 55-65 ?C. The kinetics of thermal deactivation was well described by the first-order model, which resulted in the immobilized biocatalyst activation energy of thermal deactivation of 71.03 kcal/mol and 5.48 h half-life at 55.0 ?C.

scholarly journals Particle size distribution of sawdust and wood shavings mixtures

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vítěz ◽  
P. Trávníček
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Number Of Particles

Particle size distribution of the sample of waste sawdust and wood shavings mixtures were made with two commonly used methods of mathematical models by Rosin-Rammler (RR model) and by Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann (GGS model).On the basis of network analysis distribution function F (d) (mass fraction) and density function f (d) (number of particles captured between two screens) were obtained. Experimental data were evaluated using the RR model and GGS model, both models were compared. Better results were achieved with GGS model, which leads to a more accurate separation of the different particle sizes in order to obtain a better industrial profit of the material.

scholarly journals Kinetics of scandium recovery by TVEX-TBP from the solution formed after the salt chlorinator cake leaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 00050
Author(s):  
Vadym Korovin ◽  
Yurii Pohorielov ◽  
Yurii Shestak ◽  
Oleksandr Valiaiev ◽  
Jose Luis Cortina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Elovich Equation ◽  
Diffusion Phase ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of scandium recovery by TVEX containing tributyl phosphate was studied from the clarified leaching solution of salt chlorinator cake. To assess the contribution of each diffusion phase, experimental data were analyzed using a graphic method. To define the contribution of chemical interaction into the scandium extraction process, recovery kinetics was quantitatively described using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order kinetic models and Elovich equation in linearized form. It was established that recovery kinetics was most accurately described with the pseudo-second-order model.

Second-Order Correlation of Klinkenberg-Corrected Permeability and its Experimental Verification on Heterogeneously-Stressed Gas Shale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Chen ◽  
Changbao Jiang ◽  
Juliana Y. Leung ◽  
Andrew K. Wojtanowicz ◽  
Dongming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Gas Shale ◽  
Order Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Gas Slippage ◽  
Steady State Method ◽  
Slippage Effect ◽  
Stress Heterogeneity ◽  
Second Order Model

Abstract Shale is an extremely tight and fine-grained sedimentary rock with nanometer-scale pore sizes. The nanopore structure within a shale system contributes not only to the low to ultra-low permeability coefficients (10−18 to 10−22 m2), but also to the significant gas slippage effect. The Klinkenberg equation, a first-order correlation, offers a satisfying solution to describe this particular phenomenon for decades. However, in recent years, several scholars and engineers have found that the linear relation from the Klinkenberg equation is invalid for most gas shale reservoirs, and a need for a second-order model is, therefore, proceeding apace. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to develop a second-order approach with experimental verifications. The study involved a derivation of a second-order correlation of the Klinkenberg-corrected permeability, followed by experimental verifications on a cubic shale sample sourced from the Sichuan Basin in southwestern China. We utilized a newly developed multi-functional true triaxial geophysical (TTG) apparatus to carry out permeability measurements with the steady-state method in the presence of heterogeneous stresses. Also discussed were the effects of two gas slippage factors, Klinkenberg-corrected permeability, and heterogeneous stress. Finally, based on the second-order slip theory, we analyzed the deviation of permeability from Darcy flux. The results showed that the apparent permeability increased more rapidly as the pore pressure declined when the pore pressures are relatively low, which is a strong evidence of the gas slippage effect. The second-order model could reasonably match the experimental data, resulting in a lower Klinkenberg-corrected permeability compared with that from the linear Klinkenberg equation. That is, the second-order approach improves the intrinsic permeability estimation of gas shales with the result being closer to the liquid permeability compared with the Klinkenberg approach. Analysis of the experimental data reported that both the first-order slippage factor A and the second-order slippage factor B increased with increasing stress heterogeneity, and that A was likely to be more sensitive to stress heterogeneity compared with B. Interestingly, both A and B first slightly increased and then significantly as the permeability declined. It is recommended that when the shale permeability is below 10−18 m2, the second-order approach should be taken into account. Darcy’s law starts to deviate when Kn &gt; 0.01 and is invalid at high Knudsen numbers. The second-order approach seems to alleviate the problem of overestimation compared with the Klinkenberg approach and is more accurate in permeability evolution.

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