scholarly journals Seedling Development of Sugar Maple and Black Maple Irrigated at Various Frequencies

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1292-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning

Growth, dry-matter partitioning, and specific mass of lamina of black maple (Acer nigrum Michx.f.) and sugar maple (A. saccharum Marsh.) irrigated at 10-, 26-, and 42-day intervals were compared. Total dry mass, stem length, and surface area of lamina were greater for sugar maple than for black maple for plants irrigated every 10 days. Reducing irrigation frequency curtailed growth of both species, but the reduction was greater for sugar maple than for black maple. The shoot: root ratio was lower for black maple than for sugar maple and was reduced by drought in both species, particularly among plants irrigated every 26 days. Specific mass of lamina increased as plants aged, was greater for black maple than for sugar maple, and decreased in response to irrigation at 42-day intervals. The slower growth, lower shoot: root ratio, and greater specific mass of lamina of black maple indicate this species has a greater capacity to withstand drought than sugar maple.

scholarly journals 695 PB 277 INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCY ON GROWTH OF BLACK MAPLE AND SUGAR MAPLE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 532d-532
Author(s):  
William R. Grave
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

Differences in native habitat and leaf morphological traits have prompted speculation that black maple (Acer nigrum Michx.f.) is more drought resistant than sugar maple (A. saccharum Marsh.). In this study, growth of potted seedlings of the two species irrigated at 10-, 26-, or 42-day intervals was compared. For plants irrigated most frequently, dry mass, shoot: root ratio, stem length, and surface area of lamina were greater for sugar maple than black maple. The impact of drought was more pronounced in sugar maple than in black maple, causing reductions in stem length of ≈ 60% in sugar maple and ≈ 30% in black maple. Specific mass of lamina tended to be greater for black maple than sugar maple, particularly after drought, and it increased over time in both species. The slower growth, lower shoot: root ratio, and greater specific mass of lamina of black maple indicate. it is more drought resistant than sugar maple.

Dry Matter Partitioning of Bunch and Runner Type Peanut in Relation to Levels and Methods of Paclobutrazol Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Grace B. Gatan ◽  
Virgilio Dm. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distribution Index ◽  
Protein Rich

Peanut (Arachis hypogea)  is a protein-rich and oil-laden food legume. Farmers in the region commonly grow peanut at dry season because during the wet season, upper part of  peanut  is prioritized instead of pod formation resulting to low yield. One way of increasing yield is suppression of shoot growth through paclobutrazol application. The exrperiment was conducted in Pampanga, Philippines following three-factor factorial Randomized Complete Block Design to determine dry matter partitioning of different types of peanut relative to levels and methods of paclobutrazol application. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Data were analyzed under Analysis of Variance and Honest Significant Difference test was used to compare treatment means. Results reveal that paclobutrazol levels reduced stem length of runner and bunch by 36.37% and 65.64% one month after application. Likewise, paclobutrazol levels reduced leaf and stem dry mass of the runner by 20.94% and 19.87%, respectively. Runner with 75mg/L paclobutrazol obtained 58.09% increase in harvest index. The crop growth rate and distribution index of runner increased by 20.72% and 32.56% across levels and methods of paclobutrazol application. Increasing level of paclobutrazol increased total pod dry mass of runner by 26.29%. Keywords— Agriculture, dry matter partitioning, Arachis hypogaea, Paclobutrazol, experimental, Philippines

De-coupling seasonal changes in water content and dry matter to predict live conifer foliar moisture content

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Matt Jolly ◽  
Ann M. Hadlow ◽  
Kathleen Huguet
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning

Live foliar moisture content (LFMC) significantly influences wildland fire behaviour. However, characterising variations in LFMC is difficult because both foliar mass and dry mass can change throughout the season. Here we quantify the seasonal changes in both plant water status and dry matter partitioning. We collected new and old foliar samples from Pinus contorta for two growing seasons and quantified their LFMC, relative water content (RWC) and dry matter chemistry. LFMC quantifies the amount of water per unit fuel dry weight whereas RWC quantifies the amount of water in the fuel relative to how much water the fuel can hold at saturation. RWC is generally a better indicator of water stress than is LFMC. We separated water mass from dry mass for each sample and we attempted to best explain the seasonal variations in each using our measured physiochemical variables. We found that RWC explained 59% of variation in foliar water mass. Additionally, foliar starch, sugar and crude fat content explained 87% of the variation in seasonal dry mass changes. These two models combined explained 85% of the seasonal variations in LFMC. These results demonstrate that changes to dry matter exert a stronger control on seasonal LFMC dynamics than actual changes in water content, and they challenge the assumption that LFMC variations are strongly related to water stress. This methodology could be applied across a range of plant functional types to better understand the factors that drive seasonal changes in LFMC and live fuel flammability.

scholarly journals Response of Plasticultured Bell Pepper to Staking, Irrigation Frequency, and Fertigated Nitrogen Rate

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Bowen ◽  
Brenda Frey
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
First Year ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pericarp Thickness ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Effects of staking, drip irrigation frequency and fertigated N rate on dry matter partitioning and yield of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), grown using polyethylene mulch and mini-tunnels, were determined in two years. In the second year, which had higher early-season temperatures and more hours of direct sunlight, plants were larger, more productive and had larger fruit with thicker pericarps and a higher water content than in the first year. In both years, staked plants fertigated with 31.5 vs. 63 kg·ha-1 N produced higher yields due to increased fruit size and pericarp thickness. Compared with the response to monthly irrigation plus rainfall, additional irrigation applied when the soil moisture tension averaged below -25 and -20 kPa in the two years, respectively, affected yield only in the second year when it increased yield and the number of fruits produced by staked plants and decreased that of non-staked plants. Patterns of vegetative development and dry matter partitioning indicate that resources were remobilized from leaves to support fruit development.

scholarly journals Growth analysis in chard plants (Beta vulgaris L. Cicla, cv. 'Pencas Blancas') exposed to different light quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fánor Casierra-Posada ◽  
Esteban Zapata-Casierra ◽  
Daniel A. Chaparro-Chaparro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

To determine the effects of light quality on the growth indices of plants, Pencas Blancas cultivar chard plantlets were grown for 2 months under five different light treatments, obtained by filtering sunlight through colored polyethylene films. The treatments included: red, blue, green, yellow and transparent cover colors. A transparent cover (white light) was used as the control. The colored covers affected the plant growth. The plants grown under the yellow cover presented a better behavior with regards to growth, taken as: total dry weight per plant, leaf area, specific leaf area, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, harvestable dry matter and root to shoot ratio. The dry matter partitioning in the leaves and roots was affected by the light quality, but not in the petioles, with a higher accumulation of dry mass in the leaves of plants grown under the yellow cover. As a consequence of the enhanced leaf area in the plants under the yellow cover, they also had the highest water uptake. On the other hand, the highest net assimilation rate value was found in plants grown under the transparent cover. These results open up the possibility of using yellow colored cover in leafy green vegetables, especially in chard plants grown under controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Growth and dry matter partitioning of potato influenced by paclobutrazol applied to seed tuber

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Ferreira de Araújo ◽  
Mirelle Nayana De Sousa Santos ◽  
Nícolas Oliveira de Araújo ◽  
Tania Pires da Silva ◽  
Lucas Cavalcante Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Sprouted Seeds ◽  
And Control

Under cultivation conditions that favor the growth of plant shoot, the adoption of management practices that reduce the size of potato plants can be an alternative to increase the yield of tubers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol on vegetative growth and dry matter partitioning of the potato plant cv. Markies cultivated under summer conditions in the state of Minas Gerais. Treatments were 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg L-1 of paclobutrazol (PBZ) applied to the sprouted seeds before planting and control with water. PBZ was efficient in reducing plant height. PBZ treatments at doses 10 and 100 mg L-1 delayed the emergence of shoots and the beginning of plant tuberization. PBZ at 0.1 mg L-1 reduced the lengh of the stem by 18%, but did not differ from the control in relation to fresh and dry mass content, total production, specific gravity and starch content of tubers. Treatment of seed potatoes with PBZ a 0.1 mg L-1 resulted in smaller, more compact plants, which could be suitable for more densely planted in order to maximize plant population and increase economic return per unit of area.

scholarly journals End-of-Day Light Quality Effects on Growth and Development of Watermelon Plants

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 601E-601
Author(s):  
N.K. Damayanthi Ranwala ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

End-of-day (EOD) red (R) or far-red (FR) light treatments were used to study phytochrome-regulated growth and dry matter distribution in 2-week-old watermelon plants. Plants were exposed to low-intensity R or FR light for 15 min at the end of photoperiod for 9 consecutive days. End-of-day FR increased the petiole elongation in the first two leaves, which was accompanied by higher dry matter partitioning to the petioles after 3 days of treatments. However, total plant dry mass (above ground) in FR-treated plants increased significantly after 6 days of treatments. This indicates EOD FR regulated dry matter compensation among plant parts at the early stages of EOD light treatments, allowing plants to better adapt to the environment. Net CO2 assimilation rate in the second leaf of FR-treated plants also increased. Phytochrome involvement in these processes is suggested, since growth and dry matter distribution patterns were reversible when plants were treated with FR immediately followed by R.

scholarly journals Grain Sterility in relation to Dry Mass Production and Distribution in Rice (Oryza sativaL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam B. Puteh ◽  
M. Monjurul Alam Mondal ◽  
Mohd. Razi Ismail ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Source Limitation

The experiment was conducted to investigate potential causes of grain sterility in widely cultivated rice variety in Malaysia, MR219 and its two mutant lines (RM311 and RM109) by examining the source-sink relations. RM311 produced increased dry matter yield both at heading and maturity and also showed higher grain yield with greater proportion of grain sterility than the other two genotypes (RM109 and MR219) resulting in the lowest harvest index (49.68%). In contrast, harvest index was greater in RM109 (53.34%) and MR219 (52.76%) with less grain sterility percentage than MR311 indicating that dry matter partitioning to economic yield was better in RM109 and MR219 than in MR311. Results indicated that dry matter allocation per spikelet from heading to maturity was important for reducing grain sterility in rice. The greater above-ground crop dry matter per spikelet was observed in RM109 and MR219 as compared to high dry matter producing genotype; RM311 implies that poor grain filling may not have resulted from dry matter production or source limitation. These findings suggest that grain sterility or poor grain filling in rice is the result of poor translocation and partitioning of assimilates into grains (sink) rather than of limited biomass production or source limitation.

scholarly journals Soil Fumigation, Fruit Production, and Dry Matter Partitioning of Field-grown Strawberry Plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk D. Larson ◽  
Douglas V. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Root Tissues

Bare-rooted `Camarosa' strawberry runner plants were established in a fruit production field on 1 Nov. 1993 using annual hill culture and two preplant soil fumigation treatments: 1) a mixture of 2 methyl bromide: 1 chloropicrin (wt: wt, 392 kg·ha-1) injected into the soil before forming raised planting beds (MBC); or 2) nonfumigation (NF). At about 33-day intervals between mid-January and the end of May, 20 plants were destructively sampled from each treatment to determine leaf dry mass (LDM), crown dry mass (CDM), root dry mass (RDM), and shoot: root dry mass (SRDM) ratios. Plant mortality was <0.2% throughout the study and did not differ with soil treatment. Regardless of sampling date, LDM, CDM, and RDM were greater for MBC plants than for NF plants, although treatment differences were not always significant. During the first 143 days, NF plants allocated a greater proportion of dry matter to roots than to shoots compared to MBC plants, indicating that roots are a stronger sink for photoassimilate in nonfumigated than in fumigated soils. However, there was no difference between treatments in SRDM by the end of the study. Fruit yield and a 10-fruit weight were determined at weekly intervals from mid-January until 23 May 1994. Yield and mean fruit weight of NF plants were 72% and 90%, respectively, of that of MBC plants. For both treatments, about one-half of total fruit production occurred between 144 and 174 days after planting (late March to late April). During that same period, rates of dry matter accumulation in leaf, crown, and root tissues decreased for plants in both treatments, but greatest reductions occurred in NF plants. Chemical name used: trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin).

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE PITANGUEIRA EM FUNÇÃO DE LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO EM DOIS TAMANHOS DE RECIPIENTE

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Antônio da Silva ◽  
Durval Dourado Neto ◽  
Cícero José da Silva ◽  
Berildo De Melo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Irrigation Depth

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE PITANGUEIRA EM FUNÇÃO DE LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO EM DOIS TAMANHOS DE RECIPIENTE  César Antônio da Silva1; Durval Dourado Neto2; Cícero José da Silva3 e Berildo de Melo4 1Tecnólogo em Irrigação e Drenagem, Prof. Dr. Instituto Federal Goiano, Câmpus Morrinhos, Rodovia BR-153, km 633, Zona Rural. CEP 75650-000, Morrinhos, Goiás, Brasil, [email protected]ônomo, Prof. Dr. Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil, [email protected]ólogo em Irrigação e Drenagem, Doutorando em Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícolas, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil, [email protected]ônomo, Prof. Dr. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.), em função de lâminas de irrigação em dois tamanhos de recipiente. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, em Piracicaba, SP, no período de outubro 2010 a abril 2011. O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em parcelas subdivididas, no esquema 2 x 5. Nas parcelas, foram utilizados vasos rígidos de 2,3 L e sacos plásticos de 2,0 L, e nas subparcelas, lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento, equivalentes a 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% da evapotranspiração potencial (ETp). No período de 80 a 200 dias após a semeadura, foram avaliados a altura de muda, área foliar, massa de matéria seca de muda, partição da matéria seca e relação entre as massas de raízes e parte aérea. O vaso rígido proporcionou maior ETp, em relação ao saco plástico e, consequentemente, maior massa de matéria seca e desenvolvimento das mudas. A lâmina de irrigação de 100% da ETp propiciou a produção de mudas de pitangueira mais vigorosas. Palavras-chave: Eugenia uniflora, evapotranspiração potencial, deficit hídrico, matéria seca.  SILVA, C. A. da; DOURADO NETO, D.; SILVA, C. J. da; MELO, B. deDEVELOPMENT OF SURINAM CHERRY SEEDLINGS AS A FUNCTION OF IRRIGATION DEPTHS IN TWO CONTAINER SIZES  2 ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the development of Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) seedlings as a function of irrigation depths in two container sizes.  The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Luiz de Queiroz Agriculture College, Piracicaba city, SP, from October 2010 to April 2011. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates in a split-plot 2 x 5 factorial design.  Rigid pots of 2.3 L  and plastic bags of 2.0 L were used in the plots, and irrigation depths by dripping equal to 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% potential evapotranspiration ( ETp) were used in the subplots. In the period of 80 to 200 days after sowing, the following parameters were evaluated: seedling height, leaf area, seedling dry matter mass, dry matter partitioning and relationship between root and above-ground masses.  The rigid pot provided higher ETp as compared with that of the plastic bag, and therefore, higher dry matter mass and seedling development. Irrigation depth of 100% ETp provided  production of more vigorous Surinam cherry seedlings.  Keywords: Eugenia uniflora, potential evapotranspiration, water deficit, dry matter.

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