scholarly journals 151 The Effectiveness of Assessing a Vocational Horticulture School Curriculum for Juveniles on Probation

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 468A-468
Author(s):  
Catherine McGuinn ◽  
Diane Relf
Keyword(s):  
Service Learning ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attitudes Toward School ◽  
Job Preparation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Personal Success

A 17-week vocational horticulture curriculum was assessed for it's effectiveness in changing attitudes about personal success and job preparation, presenting horticulture/landscaping as an appropriate career, developing an attitude of appreciation and fostering of the environment, and strengthen social bonds to reduce delinquent behavior. Pre-tests/post-tests based on Hirsch's tests of social bond for juvenile delinquents were developed and administered to address attitudes toward school, teachers, peers, views, and the environment. A separate pre-post test dealt with career and aspirations. Results of these tests were compared to tests administered at a comparable urban program. Behavioral records for one semester before and semester during the horticulture curriculum were compared. Daily journals maintained by service learning students volunteers were analyzed for observational themes and combined with teachers observations. Success of the program was related to students desire and ability to get summer internships and/or employment in horticultural settings. Due to the limited size of the study group (6) and the school policies limiting follow-up data collection at 6 or 9 months, the results of the study must be seen as trends suggesting future research direction and supporting the continued work being conducted a Norfolk Botanic Gardens.

A Comparison of Traditional Classroom Instruction and Anchored Instruction with University General Education Students

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Langone ◽  
D. Michael Malone ◽  
Pamela M. Stecker ◽  
Eric Greene
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Traditional Instruction ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Anchored Instruction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Education Students ◽  
Instruction Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Instruction Format

The effects of a traditional instruction format and an anchored instruction format on the immediate and long-term acquisition of knowledge of 100 university general education majors was examined. Participants were administered multiple-choice and essay format pre-tests, post-tests, and follow-up tests. Results revealed somewhat different within group patterns as well as important between group patterns. Both groups performed better on the post-test and follow-up test than on the pre-test. No differences between the two groups on the post-test were recorded. The anchored instruction group outperformed the traditional instruction group on the multiple-choice follow-up test and the traditional instruction group outperformed the anchored instruction group on the essay follow-up test. Implications for future research are discussed.

Effective prevention programs school of drugs with interactive methodology / Eficacia de los programas de prevención escolar de drogas con metodología interactiva

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pedro Espada Sánchez ◽  
Ana Isabel Rosa Alcázar ◽  
Francisco Xavier Méndez Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Effect ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Se presentan los resultados de un meta-análisis sobre la eficacia de los programas para prevenir el abuso de drogas con metodología interactiva, aplicados en el contexto escolar en España. Se identificaron 15 estudios independientes que cumplieron los criterios de selección, procedentes de 9 informes de investigación realizados entre 1985 y 2002. El tamaño del efecto medio global reveló que los programas son eficaces, aunque su eficacia es pequeña en el postest (d+ = 0,20), tendiendo a incrementarse en el seguimiento (d+ = 0,38). Los programas resultaron más eficaces con el alcohol que con el tabaco u otras drogas. La variable dependiente en la que obtuvieron más éxito fue en la reducción del consumo, por encima de la mejora del conocimiento y de las actitudes hacia las drogas. El componente presente en la totalidad de programas fue la información sobre las sustancias. Se discuten estos hallazgos y se señalan sugerencias para futuras investigaciones. AbstractThe study reports the results of a meta-analysis about the efficacy of interactive programs to prevent drug abuse within the school setting in Spain. 9 research reports from 1985 to 2002, were used to identify 15 independent studies which complied with the selection criteria. The global effect size revealed that school programs to prevent drug abuse are efficient, though its efficacy postest is small (d+= 0,20), tending to increase at the follow-up (d+= 0,38). The programs turned out to be more efficient with alcohol, than with tobacco or other drugs. Also the programs were more successful in reducing drug use and improving knowledge than in changing attitudes towards drugs. The component that apperared in all the programs was providing information about substances. These findings and some suggestions for future research are discussed.

An evaluation of the CARES® Dementia Basics Program among caregivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Pleasant ◽  
Victor Molinari ◽  
John V. Hobday ◽  
Sam Fazio ◽  
Nancy Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Formal Caregivers ◽  
Care Partners ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Centered Care

ABSTRACTBackground:In 2014, the state of Oregon established Oregon Care Partners to provide high quality, free training to all dementia caregivers. This study evaluated participants’ changes in knowledge, sense of competency in dementia caregiving, and ability to identify person-centered caregiving techniques after completing CARES® Dementia Basics online program, one of the educational resources available through this initiative.Methods:A convenience sample of informal and formal caregivers (N = 51) provided data at three points in time; pre-test, post-test, and a follow-up test after an additional 30-day period to determine sustained changes in knowledge, sense of competency, and person-centered care.Results:From pre-test to post-test, modest improvements were detected in sense of competence in performing dementia care (ps < 0.01) and dementia-based knowledge, F(2, 150) = 7.71, p < 0.001, a multivariate effect size of w2 = 0.09. Even though improvements in sense of competency were not universal, three out of five individual items demonstrated positive growth from pre-test to post-test as well as four out of the five items from pre-test to follow-up test. Importantly, gains observed in dementia-based knowledge from pre-test to post-test were largely maintained at the 30-day follow-up. No significant changes were found in the correct identification of person-centered techniques after the training F(5, 150) = 1.63, p = 0.19.Conclusions:Future research should investigate how best to maintain educational interventions within the caregiving environment and to assess subsequent skill change.

scholarly journals A Head-To-Head Comparison of Benzbromarone and Allopurinol on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in People With Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Wei Lai ◽  
Kuan-Fu Liao ◽  
Yu-Hung Kuo ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chiu-Shong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Sex

Objective: The study aimed to thoroughly address the influence of benzbromarone and allopurinol on the risk of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with asymptomatic hyperuricemia.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine the 2000–2015 national dataset containing all claims data of 23 million beneficiaries in Taiwan. Subjects who already had diabetes mellitus, gout-related diseases, and any cancer prior to the index date were excluded. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia was defined as subjects taking urate-lowering drugs who never had a gout flare. Subjects aged 20–84 with asymptomatic hyperuricemia who had benzbromarone prescriptions were selected as the benzbromarone group. Sex-matched and age-matched subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricemia who had allopurinol prescriptions were identified as the allopurinol group. The maximum follow-up duration was set as 5 years in our study. The outcome was set as subjects who had a new diagnosis of T2DM. The incidence density of T2DM was calculated in the benzbromarone and allopurinol groups. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for T2DM was utilized to estimate the association between medications and the risk of T2DM.Results: The incidence of T2DM among benzbromarone users was significantly lower than that of allopurinol users (7.91 versus 8.48 per 100 person-years, incidence rate ratio = 0.93, and 95% CI = 0.87–0.99). After adjustment for co-variables, the adjusted HR of T2DM would be 0.91 (95% CI = 0.85–0.98 and p = 0.008) in benzbromarone users as compared to allopurinol users.Conclusion: There is a small but statistically significant risk reduction of developing T2DM in people with asymptomatic hyperuricemia taking benzbromarone as compared to those taking allopurinol during 5 years of follow-up. It indicates a future research direction for the use of individual urate-lowering drugs on the prevention of T2DM in the general population.

scholarly journals Effects of the Action for Neutralization of Bullying Program on Bullying in Spanish Schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6898
Author(s):  
Ana Martínez-Martínez ◽  
David Pineda ◽  
Manuel Galán ◽  
Juan C. Marzo ◽  
José A. Piqueras
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Bullying Behaviors ◽  
First World

Bullying can have serious physical and emotional consequences. In recent years, interest in this phenomenon has been growing, becoming a public health problem in the first world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Action for Neutralization of Bullying Program (ANA) in Spanish children. This study used a quasi-experimental design that included a pre-test evaluation, 2 months of intervention, a post-test, and 3 months of follow-up. A sample of 330 children aged 7–12 years (M = 9.27; SD = 1.09) from third to sixth grade participated in the study. One hundred and fifty-nine were girls (48.2%). The program consisted of eight group sessions in which empathy, assertiveness, communication skills, conflict resolution, and group cohesion were worked on. The results showed statistically significant reductions in verbal abuse behaviors (t = 4.76, p < 0.001), direct social exclusion (t = 3.53, p < 0.001), threats (t = 2.04, p = 0.042), aggression with objects (t = 3.21, p < 0.001), and physical abuse (t = 4.41, p < 0.001). The differences were not statistically significant for indirect social exclusion behaviors (t = 1.86, p = 0.065) or cyberbullying (t = 0.31, p = 0.756). The effects in the reduction of the bullying behaviors decreased after the implementation of the program, achieving even greater reduction in victimization behaviors after 3 months than immediately after the end of the program. These results indicate that the ANA program is effective in reducing bullying behaviors in a group of children. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals A Family-Based Lifestyle Intervention Focusing on Fathers and Their Children Using Co-Creation: Study Protocol of the Run Daddy Run Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1830
Author(s):  
Julie Latomme ◽  
Philip J. Morgan ◽  
Marieke De Craemer ◽  
Ruben Brondeel ◽  
Maïté Verloigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Behavior Change Wheel ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Fathers play a unique and important role in shaping their children’s physical activity (PA), independent from the mother. Lifestyle interventions focusing simultaneously on PA of fathers and their children (“co-PA”) are therefore a novel and promising way to improve PA of both. A theory-based lifestyle intervention was co-created with fathers (i.e., the Run Daddy Run intervention), using the behavior change wheel as a theoretical framework. The aim of the present study is to describe the protocol of the Run Daddy Run intervention study, focusing on improving (co-)PA of fathers and children, and the prospected outcomes. The developed intervention consists of six (inter)active father-child sessions and an eHealth component, delivered over a 14-week intervention period. Baseline measurements will be conducted between November 2019–January 2020, post-test measurements in June 2020, and follow-up measurements in November 2020, with (co-)PA as the primary outcome variable. Outcomes will be measured using accelerometry and an online questionnaire. To evaluate the intervention, multilevel analyses will be conducted. This study will increase our understanding on whether a theory-based, co-created lifestyle intervention focusing exclusively on fathers and their children can improve their (co-)PA behavior and has important implications for future research and health policy, where targeting fathers might be a novel and effective approach to improve (co-)PA and associated health behaviors of both fathers and their children.

scholarly journals Basic Life Support Training as Mandatory Training in Educational Institutions to Deal with Emergencies

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
First Aid Training ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Post Test

Background: Injury is a significant issue of public health, a major global burden and first aid training programs incorporated as part of school curriculum will have a considerable impact on public health, and this will in turn reduce out of hospital cardiac arrests. The study aimed to determine the immediate First aid knowledge and long term retention of its knowledge (after three months) of the students (13-18 years), participating in a volunteer program in Karachi. Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, delivering First aid training to 143 participants by Basic life support (BLS) trained staff in a tertiary care hospital. The design consisted of a pre-test, post-test and follows up assessments, carried out via questionnaire and hands-on assessment. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. ANOVA and Friedman test was applied to evaluate the dependent variable’s improvement in knowledge between pre, post and follow up tests. Results: From 143 participants, 41.5 %, 63.8 % and 61 % satisfactory results were seen in the pre-test, post-test and follow up assessments, respectively. In Pre-test, males scored 18.75 % and the females scored 8.42%, whereas, in the post-test, the scores were 75.7% and 64.58% respectively. Similarly, in follow up evaluations results obtained were 62.1% and 45.8% respectively. Hands-on scores were 88.4% in males and 95.8 % in females. Conclusion: The level of first aid knowledge was unquestionably less satisfactory in the pre-test evaluations compared to post-test and follows up assessments. Due to its effectiveness, it should be incorporated as part of the school curriculum.

In-Person Versus Internet Training: A Comparison of Student Attitudes Toward Homosexuality

NASPA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine J. Guth ◽  
David F. Lopez ◽  
Manda S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality ◽  
Personnel Administrators ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Student Personnel ◽  
Post Test

The present study investigated the influence of training modality on attitudes toward lesbian and gay issues. In a short-term longitudinal design (pre-test, post-test, follow-up), 87 undergraduate and graduate students were randomly assigned to one of three workshop modalities (In-Person, Internet, Control) following pre-test. Participants completed a post-test immediately after the training and a follow-up assessment three weeks later. Analyses revealed that both modalities (In-Person Training and Internet Training), when compared to the Control group, resulted in substantial reductions in levels of homophobia following training. Furthermore, these reductions in homophobia remained stable from the post-test to the follow-up testing. Finally, analyses suggest that changes in participants’ levels of positive affect, during and following training, may play a central role in the effectiveness of both training interventions. Implications for student affairs professionals and directions for future research are discussed.This study is supported by a diversity grant from the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators and the Ford Foundation awarded to Lorraine J. Guth and David F. Lopez. Special thanks go to Andrea L. Short for providing helpful editorial comments.

Förderung der Lesekompetenz mittels reziproken Lehrens: Implementation und Wirksamkeit imRegelunterricht

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helvi Koch ◽  
Nadine Spörer
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Post Test

Zusammenfassung. Ziel war es, die Effektivität zweier Interventionen zur Förderung der Lesekompetenz von Fünftklässlern zu untersuchen. Beide Treatments wurden von Regellehrkräften implementiert. Die eine Intervention war das reziproke Lehren, welches um Selbstregulationsprozeduren angereichert wurde (RT+SRL). Die zweite war eine von Lehrkräften konzipierte lesestrategiebasierte Unterrichtseinheit (Good Practice, GP). Zusätzlich gab es eine No-Treatment-Kontrollgruppe (KG0). Insgesamt nahmen an der Studie N = 244 Schüler teil. Im Rahmen eines Pre-, Post-, Follow-Up-Test-Untersuchungsplans kamen standardisierte Leseverständnisaufgaben, selbstkonstruierte Lesestrategieaufgaben und eine Selbstwirksamkeitsskala zum Einsatz. Kontrastierende Einzelvergleichsanalysen ergaben, dass sich die Schüler der Treatmentbedingung RT+SRL im Vergleich zu den Schülern der Kontrollgruppe zum Post-Test signifikant stärker im Leseverständnis, in der Lesestrategieanwendung und in der Selbstwirksamkeit verbesserten. Gleiches galt für die Lesestrategieanwendung zum Follow-Up-Test. Schüler der Bedingung GP konnten im Vergleich zu KG0-Schülern weder zum Post- noch zum Follow-Up-Test vorteilige Ergebnisse in den drei Kriteriumsmaßen erzielen.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document