scholarly journals 093 Miniature Rose Flower Longevity in Response to Ethylene Is Not Affected by Seasonal Growing Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 404E-404
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio S. Grossi ◽  
H. Brent Pemberton ◽  
William E. Roberson
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Interior Environment

The effect of exogenous ethylene was investigated on single-stemmed plants of Rosa L. `RUIdodo', `RUIrosora', `RUIjef', `MEIferjac', `MEIshulo', `MEIghivon' and `MEIgagul' grown in controlled environment growth chambers simulating summer-like and winter-like conditions. When the flower on each plant reached developmental stage 2 (showing color, calyx reflexing, no petals reflexed), the plants were placed for 18 h in plexiglass chambers with ethylene at 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 μL·L-1 under a simulated interior environment at 21 °C with 14 μmol·m-2·s-1 fluorescent light. Under the same interior environment, the plants were kept for postharvest evaluation. Response to ethylene of all cultivars was not affected by the difference in growing conditions. As shown previously by other authors, however, the ethylene reduced flower longevity. Treatment with 0.1 μL·L-1 of ethylene reduced flower longevity by 1 day in comparison to the control (0 μL·L-1). The ethylene concentrations of 1.0 μL·L-1 and 5.0 μL·L-1 reduced flower longevity by 3 days. Regardless of ethylene concentration or growing conditions, `RUIjef' and `MEIferjac' exhibited the longest flower longevity and `MEIghivon' and `MEIgagul' the shortest flower longevity. All cultivars, except `RUIrosora', exhibited the longest flower longevity under summer-like vs. winter-like conditions, with the difference ranging from 1.5 to 5 days. `RUIrosora' exhibited similar flower longevity regardless of growing conditions. Differences in flower longevity in response to seasonal growing conditions have been found by us and other authors, but the cultivars used in this study have not been previously studied. This difference in flower longevity as a response to growing conditions cannot be explained by differences in response to ethylene so that other factors must be involved.

scholarly journals Influence of Cultivar and Seasonal Growing Environment on Growth and Postharvest Characteristics of Single-shoot Pot Rose Plants

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
José Antonio Saraiva Grossi ◽  
H. Brent Pemberton ◽  
Harvey J. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Photon Flux ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Growing Conditions

Rooted liners of pot rose (Rosa L.) cultivars Meiferjac, Meigagul, Meighivon, Meishulo, Ruijef, Ruidodo, and Ruirosora were used to study the influence of cultivar and seasonal growing environment on growth and postharvest performance. Single-shoot plants were grown in controlled environment chambers simulating summer (30 °C day/21 °C night cycle with a 14-hour photoperiod) and winter (21 °C day/16 °C night cycle with a 10-hour photoperiod) greenhouse growing conditions. At flower developmental stage 2 (showing color, calyx reflexing, no petals reflexed), the plants were placed in a continuously lighted simulated interior evaluation room at 21 ± 1 °C under 15 μmol·m-2·s-1 photosynthetic photon flux from cool-white fluorescent lamps for postharvest evaluations. Plants had quicker flowering, smaller flower diameter, more compact growth, and smaller leaf area when grown under the summer environment compared to the winter environment. Most cultivars exhibited greater flower longevity on summer-grown plants when compared to winter-grown ones. `Ruirosora' did not exhibit this difference due to exceptional longevity on winter-grown plants. Also, the use of single-shoot plants was shown to be a potentially useful way to increase replication in small growing environments such as growth chambers.

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

Plot size matters: interference from intergenotypic competition in plant phenotyping studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg J. Rebetzke ◽  
Ralph (Tony) A. Fischer ◽  
Anthony F. van Herwaarden ◽  
Dave G. Bonnett ◽  
Karine Chenu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Intergenotypic Competition ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Competition For Resources ◽  
Commercial Field

Genetic and physiological studies often comprise genotypes diverse in vigour, size and flowering time. This can make the phenotyping of complex traits challenging, particularly those associated with canopy development, biomass and yield, as the environment of one genotype can be influenced by a neighbouring genotype. Limited seed and space may encourage field assessment in single, spaced rows or in small, unbordered plots, whereas the convenience of a controlled environment or greenhouse makes pot studies tempting. However, the relevance of such growing conditions to commercial field-grown crops is unclear and often doubtful. Competition for water, light and nutrients necessary for canopy growth will be variable where immediate neighbours are genetically different, particularly under stress conditions, where competition for resources and influence on productivity is greatest. Small hills and rod-rows maximise the potential for intergenotypic competition that is not relevant to a crop’s performance in monocultures. Response to resource availability will typically vary among diverse genotypes to alter genotype ranking and reduce heritability for all growth-related traits, with the possible exception of harvest index. Validation of pot experiments to performance in canopies in the field is essential, whereas the planting of multirow plots and the simple exclusion of plot borders at harvest will increase experimental precision and confidence in genotype performance in target environments.

scholarly journals Action of ethylene on postharvest of summer squash ‘Menina Brasileira’

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367
Author(s):  
Fernanda Ferreira de Araújo ◽  
Lucas Cavalcante da Costa ◽  
Tania Pires da Silva ◽  
Mário Puiatti ◽  
Fernando Luiz Finger
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
No Weight Loss ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and the physiological responses of summer squash ‘Menina Brasileira’ to ethylene. Immature fruits were harvested and placed in 20 L sealed buckets, in which ethylene was applied at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100, and 1000 μL L-1 for 24 h. Fruits were placed in buckets with no ethylene as a control treatment. Thereafter, the fruits were taken out of the buckets and maintained on bench, wherein on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8, they were evaluated regarding the accumulated fresh weight loss, soluble sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, starch, total chlorophyll, content of malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage. Fruits of summer squash ‘Menina Brasileira’ showed sensitivity to exogenous ethylene with no weight loss stimulation. Additionally, the fruits exhibited small changes in nutritional quality attributes and changes in the external fruit appearance, including decreased chlorophyll content as well as damage to cell membrane characterized by increase in malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage. These changes were stimulated by increasing exogenous ethylene concentration.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF POLISH LARCH IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Maksim Lavrenov ◽  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vladimir Nikitin ◽  
Vera Savchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Average Value ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Independent Species

Polish larch trees are among the most valuable among forest species both in natural growing conditions and in the conditions of introduction. However, its taxonomic status is not fully resolved due to the similarity in morphological features with European and Siberian larch. We conducted a comparative analysis of these species of larch on the morphological features of cones and needles. The studies were carried out in the conditions of introduction in the center of the European part of Russia. We present the average value of the trait (XSR ± Sx) and the degree of its variation (V %). The reliability of the difference between the samples according to these characteristics was determined based on the calculation of the student's criterion t. As a result, we found that the Polish larch has smaller cones and significantly differs from the European and Siberian larch in all studied features (length of cones, width of cones, number of scales in cones, length of needles). These results indicate the isolation of the Polish larch, but this pattern can be expressed not only when referring to the Polish larch in the rank of an independent species – Larix polonica Racib., but also as a subspecies of European larch (Larix decidua var. polonica (Racib. ex Wóycicki) Ostenf. & Syrach).

scholarly journals Longevity of wild pansy flowers treated with growth regulators

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Tania Pires Da Silva ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira Araujo ◽  
Fernando Luiz Finger
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth regulators action on the senescence of wild pansy flowers. In the first experiment, floral stems were treated with ethylene for 24 hours at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 μL L-1 and control without the hormone. In a second experiment, the flowers were immersed in solutions of abscisic acid (ABA) containing 5, 20, 50 and 100 μM for one minute and control with water. In a third experiment, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was applied at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 μL L-1 and control without the chemical. In a fourth experiment, 1-MCP and ethylene were applied, where 1-MCP was first applied followed by ethylene. After the treatments with 1-MCP and ethylene, the floral stems were removed from the hermetic chambers and kept in a vessel containing distilled water at 25 °C, 10 μmol m-2 s- 1 white fluorescent light and 50-70% relative humidity as for the ABA treatment. Flowers treated with ethylene did not present significant differences among the concentrations for visual senescence, showing evidence that this flower is not sensitive to ethylene. Treatment with 1000 μL L-1 of ethylene led to a slightly higher fresh weight loss than other treatments, which had a loss of about 33% at end of the experiment. For the ABA treatment, the flowers showed similar fresh weight loss among the different treatments; however, higher concentrations induced slight senescence of flowers. The use of 1-MCP increased the longevity of wild pansy flowers. These results show that 1-MCP is beneficial in maintaining the flower water status, even in the presence of exogenous ethylene, although ethylene may not be directly involved in the senescence of wild pansy flowers.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term closed environment on human saliva microbiota and salivary cytokines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinzhen Zhu ◽  
Zikai Hao ◽  
Yuming Fu ◽  
Jianlou Yang ◽  
Chen Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Saliva ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
List Type ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Normal Environment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sharing Space ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCompared with the normal environment, the microbiota in controlled closed cabins such as space capsules, Lunar/Mars bases have changed. To ensure the health of crewmembers, it’s necessary to understand the effects of these changes on human symbiotic microorganisms and immunity. In this study, the experimental platform “Lunar Palace 1” with a similar closed and controlled environment was used to research the effects of changed microbial exposure on human saliva microbiota and salivary cytokines. This paper studied on four crewmembers who participated in the third phase of the “Lunar Palace 365” experiment, analyzing the dynamic changes of saliva microbiota and salivary cytokines, and further studying the correlation between salivary cytokines and highly abundant genera. According to our data, the crewmembers’ saliva microbiota and salivary cytokines fluctuated smoothly throughout the whole experiment. Although a part of microbes increased or decreased some times, they recovered quickly after leaving the controlled environment. The level of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in crewmembers’ saliva decreased from normal environment to the controlled environment, showing reduced levels of oral inflammatory response in crewmembers. In addition, although there were significant individual differences in crewmembers’ saliva microbiota, sharing living space reduced the difference. Furthermore, the level of TNF-α showed a consistent positive correlation with the abundance of Actinomyces and Rothia in the controlled environment, indicating healthy individuals’ oral mucosal barrier may be sensitive to changes in saliva microbiota. According to the result, semi-sterile environments in controlled closed cabins didn’t cause persistent changes in human saliva microbiota and oral immunity. Besides, it provides a new idea for future research on the impact of the controlled environment on crewmembers health, and provides guidance for studying the effect of semi-sterile environments on human immunity based on saliva microbiota.Key pointsSaliva microbes kept stable for individual but got convergent when sharing space;The level of salivary cytokines reduced after entering the controlled environment;There were complex correlations between salivary cytokines and saliva microbes;The crewmembers adapt well to the controlled environment.

Inter- and intra-varietal variation in aerobic methane emissions from environmentally stressed pea plants

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 837-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awatif M. Abdulmajeed ◽  
Mohammad I. Abo Gamar ◽  
Mirwais M. Qaderi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Factors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Varietal Variation ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Two Temperature

Environmental stress factors can influence methane (CH4) emissions from plants. There are a few studies on the interactive effects of stress factors on plant aerobic CH4, but none on the comparative evaluation of CH4 emissions between and among plant varieties. We examined the effects of temperature, UVB radiation, and watering regime on CH4 emissions from 10 pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties first and then selected two varieties with the highest (237J Sundance; var. 1) and lowest (422 Ho Lan Dow; var. 2) emissions for further studies. Plants were grown in controlled-environment growth chambers under two temperature regimes (22 °C / 18 °C and 28 °C / 24 °C, 16 h light / 8 h dark), two UVB levels (0 and 5 kJ·m−2·d−1), and two watering regimes (well-watered and water-stressed) for 14 days, after one week of growth under 22 °C / 18 °C. Higher temperatures and water stress increased CH4 emissions, and increased emission was associated with stress. Pea varieties varied in growth and CH4 emissions; var. 1 was more stressed and had higher emission than var. 2. In the stressed variety, the water-stressed plants grown under higher temperatures at UVB5 had the highest CH4 emission, whereas the well-watered plants grown under lower temperatures at UVB5 had the lowest emission. We conclude that climatic stress conditions increase CH4 emissions, which vary with plant varieties.

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