scholarly journals Exogenous Nitric Oxide Pretreatment Enhances Chilling Tolerance of Anthurium

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijian Liang ◽  
Yanming Deng ◽  
Xiaobo Sun ◽  
Xinping Jia ◽  
Jiale Su
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity

Nitric oxide (NO) is well known for its multifaceted physiological roles as a signaling molecule in plants. Previous studies have indicated that exogenous application of NO may be useful for alleviating chilling injury (CI) in fruits and vegetables. However, the potential role and mechanism of NO in mitigating chilling stress in anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) remain unclear. In this study, physiological and biochemical analysis were performed to investigate the effects of exogenous NO in alleviating CI in anthurium. Anthurium seedling plants were treated with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at four concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mm) and stored at 12/5 °C (day/night) for 15 day. The results showed that exogenous SNP mitigated the adverse effects of chilling on anthurium, and the most effective concentration was 0.2 mm. In addition, NO effectively improved the CI index, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolyte leakage, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and chlorophyll loss of anthurium during low temperatures. Pretreatment with SNP also increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX); the content of antioxidants including glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AsA), and phenolics; and reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and O2−. SNP pretreatment at 0.2 mm also significantly promoted the accumulation of proline, increased the activity of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), and reduced the activity of proline dehydrogenase (PDH), when compared with control (0 mm SNP→Chilling) under chilling stress. These results indicated that NO could enhance the chilling tolerance of anthurium by elicitation of an antioxidant response and proline accumulation for maintaining cell membrane integrity.

scholarly journals Insights into Nitric Oxide-Mediated Water Balance, Antioxidant Defence and Mineral Homeostasis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Chilling Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag ◽  
Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Sonya Afrin ◽  
Md Kawsar Khan ◽  
Md. Abdul Hannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Mineral Homeostasis

Being a chilling-sensitive staple crop, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is vulnerable to climate change. The competence of rice to withstand chilling stress should, therefore, be enhanced through technological tools. The present study employed chemical intervention like application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as nitric oxide (NO) donor and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms of NO-mediated chilling tolerance in rice. At germination stage, germination indicators were interrupted by chilling stress (5.0 ± 1.0°C for 8 h day‒1), while pretreatment with 100 μM SNP markedly improved the indicators. At seedling stage (14-day-old), chilling stress caused stunted growth with visible toxicity along with alteration of biochemical markers, for example, increase in oxidative stress markers (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde) and osmolytes (total soluble sugar; proline and soluble protein content, SPC), and decrease in chlorophyll (Chl), relative water content (RWC), and antioxidants. However, NO application attenuated toxicity symptoms with improving growth performance which might be attributed to enhanced activities of antioxidants, mineral contents, Chl, RWC and SPC. Furthermore, principal component analysis indicated that water imbalance and increased oxidative damage were the main contributors to chilling injury, whereas NO-mediated mineral homeostasis and antioxidant defense were the critical determinants for chilling tolerance in rice. Collectively, our findings revealed that NO protects against chilling stress through valorizing cellular defense mechanisms, suggesting that exogenous application of NO could be a potential tool to evolve cold tolerance as well as climate resilience in rice.

Abscisic Acid-Induced Chilling Tolerance in Maize Seedlings Is Mediated by Nitric Oxide and Associated with Antioxidant System

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Li ◽  
Wan Zhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Contrary Effect

Abscisic acid (ABA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment significantly increased chilling tolerance in maize seedlings. ABA in combination with nitric oxide (NO) donor SNP further enhanced the ABA-induced chilling tolerance. But the addition of NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) nullified the increasing effect of SNP on chilling tolerance. In addition, the combination of ABA and PTIO decreased the ABA-induced chilling tolerance. Measurement of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and the level of lipid peroxidation (in terms of malondialdehyde) indicated that chilling stress induced an oxidative stress in maize seedlings. ABA treatment enabled maize seedlings to maintain higher SOD and CAT activities and lower level of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation under chilling stress. ABA in combination with SNP further enhanced the ABA-induced increase in SOD and CAT activities and lowered the chilling stress-induced lipid peroxidation in the ABA-treated seedlings. But the addition of PTIO scavenged the increasing effect of SNP. In addition, the combination of ABA and PTIO had a contrary effect with that of ABA and SNP. These results suggest that the ABA-induced chilling tolerance is mediated by NO, NO is involved in ABA-induced chilling tolerance by increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced endogenous H2O2 accumulation.

scholarly journals Melatonin Promotes the Chilling Tolerance of Cucumber Seedlings by Regulating Antioxidant System and Relieving Photoinhibition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Yiqing Feng ◽  
Tongtong Jing ◽  
Xutao Liu ◽  
Xizhen Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings

Chilling adversely affects the photosynthesis of thermophilic plants, which further leads to a decline in growth and yield. The role of melatonin (MT) in the stress response of plants has been investigated, while the mechanisms by which MT regulates the chilling tolerance of chilling-sensitive cucumber remain unclear. This study demonstrated that MT positively regulated the chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings and that 1.0 μmol⋅L–1 was the optimum concentration, of which the chilling injury index, electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were the lowest, while growth was the highest among all treatments. MT triggered the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, which in turn decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2⋅–) accumulation caused by chilling stress. Meanwhile, MT attenuated the chilling-induced decrease, in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and promoted photoprotection for both photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), regarding the higher maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), the content of active P700 (ΔI/I0), and photosynthetic electron transport. The proteome analysis and western blot data revealed that MT upregulated the protein levels of PSI reaction center subunits (PsaD, PsaE, PsaF, PsaH, and PsaN), PSII-associated protein PsbA (D1), and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase or oxygenase large subunit (RBCL) and Rubisco activase (RCA). These results suggest that MT enhances the chilling tolerance of cucumber through the activation of antioxidant enzymes and the induction of key PSI-, PSII-related and carbon assimilation genes, which finally alleviates damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and decreases oxidative damage to cucumber seedlings under chilling stress.

CO2 laser enhances the chilling tolerance of wheat seedlings by stimulating NO synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-807
Author(s):  
Yi-ping Chen ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Dong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Protein Treatment

To investigate the mechanism by which laser irradiation enhances the chilling tolerance of wheat seedlings, seeds were exposed to different treatments, and biochemical parameters were measured. Compared with the control group, chilling stress (CS) led to an increase in the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, and decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and protein. Treatment with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), sodium tungstate (ST), and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) followed by CS resulted in further increases in the concentrations of MDA and H2O2 and further decreases in the other parameters. However, treatment with PTIO, ST, and L-NAME followed by laser irradiation had the opposite effects on these parameters. When the seeds were treated with PTIO, ST, and L-NAME followed by laser and CS, the concentrations of MDA and H2O2 were significantly lower and the other parameters were higher than in the PTIO, ST, and L-NAME plus CS groups. These results suggest that CO2 laser irradiation enhances the chilling tolerance of wheat seedlings by stimulating endogenous NO synthesis.

scholarly journals Glycosyltransferase OsUGT90A1 helps protect the plasma membrane during chilling stress in rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 2723-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Shi ◽  
Huy Phan ◽  
Yaju Liu ◽  
Shouyun Cao ◽  
Zhihua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Stress Recovery ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity

Abstract Due to its subtropical origins, rice (Oryza sativa) is sensitive to low-temperature stress. In this study, we identify LOC_Os04g24110, annotated to encode the UDP-glycosyltransferase enzyme UGT90A1, as a gene associated with the low-temperature seedling survivability (LTSS) quantitative trait locus qLTSS4-1. Differences between haplotypes in the control region of OsUGT90A1 correlate with chilling tolerance phenotypes, and reflect differential expression between tolerant and sensitive accessions rather than differences in protein sequences. Expression of OsUGT90A1 is initially enhanced by low temperature, and its overexpression helps to maintain membrane integrity during cold stress and promotes leaf growth during stress recovery, which are correlated with reduced levels of reactive oxygen species due to increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, overexpression of OsUGT90A1 in Arabidopsis improves freezing survival and tolerance to salt stress, again correlated with enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes. Overexpression of OsUGT90A1 in rice decreases root lengths in 3-week-old seedlings while gene-knockout increases the length, indicating that its differential expression may affect phytohormone activities. We conclude that higher OsUGT90A1 expression in chilling-tolerant accessions helps to maintain cell membrane integrity as an abiotic stress-tolerance mechanism that prepares plants for the resumption of growth and development during subsequent stress recovery.

scholarly journals H2O2 Functions as a Downstream Signal of IAA to Mediate H2S-Induced Chilling Tolerance in Cucumber

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12910
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Chenxiao Xu ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Huangai Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sodium Hydrosulfide ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Transport Inhibitor

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a crucial role in regulating chilling tolerance. However, the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and auxin in H2S-induced signal transduction in the chilling stress response of plants was unclear. In this study, 1.0 mM exogenous H2O2 and 75 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) significantly improved the chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings, as demonstrated by the mild plant chilling injury symptoms, lower chilling injury index (CI), electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde content (MDA) as well as higher levels of photosynthesis and cold-responsive genes under chilling stress. IAA-induced chilling tolerance was weakened by N, N′-dimethylthiourea (DMTU, a scavenger of H2O2), but the polar transport inhibitor of IAA (1-naphthylphthalamic acid, NPA) did not affect H2O2-induced mitigation of chilling stress. IAA significantly enhanced endogenous H2O2 synthesis, but H2O2 had minimal effects on endogenous IAA content in cucumber seedlings. In addition, the H2O2 scavenger DMTU, inhibitor of H2O2 synthesis (diphenyleneiodonium chloride, DPI), and IAA polar transport inhibitor NPA reduced H2S-induced chilling tolerance. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) increased H2O2 and IAA levels, flavin monooxygenase (FMO) activity, and respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH1) and FMO-like protein (YUCCA2) mRNA levels in cucumber seedlings. DMTU, DPI, and NPA diminished NaHS-induced H2O2 production, but DMTU and DPI did not affect IAA levels induced by NaHS during chilling stress. Taken together, the present data indicate that H2O2 as a downstream signal of IAA mediates H2S-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Is Involved in Rootstock–Scion Communication in Improving the Chilling Tolerance of Grafted Cucumber

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Fu ◽  
Yi-Qing Feng ◽  
Xiao-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yan-Yan Zhang ◽  
Huan-Gai Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Rubisco Activase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive

Salicylic acid (SA) has been proven to be a multifunctional signaling molecule that participates in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. In this study, we used cold-sensitive cucumber and cold-tolerant pumpkin as experimental materials to examine the roles of SA in root–shoot communication responses to aerial or/and root-zone chilling stress in own-root and hetero-root grafted cucumber and pumpkin plants. The results showed that pumpkin (Cm) rootstock enhanced the chilling tolerance of grafted cucumber, as evidenced by the observed lower levels of electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and higher photosynthetic rate (Pn) and gene expression of Rubisco activase (RCA). However, cucumber (Cs) rootstock decreased the chilling tolerance of grafted pumpkins. Cs/Cm plants showed an increase in the mRNA expression of C-repeat-binding factor (CBF1), an inducer of CBF expression (ICE1), and cold-responsive (COR47) genes and CBF1 protein levels in leaves under 5/25 and 5/5°C stresses, or in roots under 25/5 and 5/5°C stresses, respectively, compared with the Cs/Cs. Chilling stress increased the endogenous SA content and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and the increase in SA content and activity of PAL in Cs/Cm plants was much higher than in Cs/Cs plants. Transcription profiling analysis revealed the key genes of SA biosynthesis, PAL, ICS, and SABP2 were upregulated, while SAMT, the key gene of SA degradation, was downregulated in Cs/Cm leaves, compared with Cs/Cs leaves under chilling stress. The accumulation of SA in the Cs/Cm leaves was mainly attributed to an increase in SA biosynthesis in leaves and that in transport from roots under aerial and root-zone chilling stress, respectively. In addition, exogenous SA significantly upregulated the expression level of cold-responsive (COR) genes, enhanced actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and Pn, while decreased EL, MDA, and CI in grafted cucumber. These results suggest that SA is involved in rootstock–scion communication and grafting-induced chilling tolerance by upregulating the expression of COR genes in cucumber plants under chilling stress.

The contribution of biotechnology to improving post-harvest chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables using heat-shock proteins

2013 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. AGHDAM ◽  
L. SEVILLANO ◽  
F. B. FLORES ◽  
S. BODBODAK
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Injury Tolerance ◽  
Shock Proteins

SUMMARYFresh fruits and vegetables have a short post-harvest life and are prone to post-harvest losses due to mechanical injury, physiological causes and decay. Low-temperature storage is widely used as post-harvest treatment applied for delaying senescence in vegetables and ornamentals and ripening in fruits, upholding their post-harvest quality. But the refrigerated storage of tropical and subtropical crop plant species provokes a set of physiological alterations known as chilling injury that negatively affect their quality and frequently renders the product not saleable. Membrane damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation are the main adverse effects of chilling injury impact in sensitive horticultural products. The chilling injury tolerance of certain plant species is attributed to their ability to accumulate heat-shock proteins (HSP). The beneficial action of HSP in chilling tolerance is due to their chaperone activity but, besides this biological function, small HSP (sHSP) are able to function as membrane stabilizers and ROS scavengers, or synergistically with cell antioxidant systems. Also, biosynthesis of osmolytes such as raffinose and proline is under the regulation of heat-shock transcription factors (HSTF). These molecules are critical for osmotic adjustment since low temperatures also provoke a secondary osmotic stress. The use of biotechnological strategies can be envisaged, with the aim of generating engineered crop plants of horticultural interest to induce the production and action of HSP and HSTF, in order to assure the beneficial effects of these proteins in promoting chilling injury tolerance during their post-harvest refrigerated storage. In particular, induction of HSTF expression using biotechnology has significant potential and interest for reducing the impact of chilling injury on sensitive produce, avoiding the practical difficulties of applying the classic post-harvest technologies based on heat treatment.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Chilling Stress Tolerance in Camellia sinensis

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Yingzi Wang ◽  
Qin Yu ◽  
Yinhua Li ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Jinhua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Tea Plants

Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.)] plants are important economic crop in China. Chilling stress and freezing damages have seriously affected the quality of tea products that have been already regarded as the main restricting factors to industry’s development. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in resistance of abiotic stresses. An experiment was conducted in an artificial climate chamber to study the effect of NO on tea plants grown under chilling stress (–2 °C) for 0, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Foliar application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at a rate of 500 μmol·L−1 was used as NO donor. The experiment contained two factors: the first was the foliar application with SNP or distilled water, and the scond one was the chilling (–2 °C) exposure time (0, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h). The effects of NO on membrane lipid peroxidation, osmotic adjustment substances, and antioxidant activity under cold stress were studied. In addition, the gene expression of CsICE1 and CsCBF1 in respond to NO addition were also investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results show that foliar addition of NO (500 μmol·L−1 of SNP) reduce the relative conductivity of tea leaves, inhibits the elevated malondialdehyde content, promotes the accumulation of proline, soluble protein and sugar, and increases the superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, thereby alleviates the damage of cold stress on tea leaves. The CsICE1 expression in 500 μM SNP treatment was peaked at 24 h of low temperature stress, while it did not express at normal temperature. Therefore, the current study is considered a good scientific material in understanding how tea plants sense and defense the chilling stress and that plays an important role to improve the level of production and economic benefits. It is also provided significant theory bas to control chilling stress in tea plants.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Chilling Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 645b-645
Author(s):  
Kanogwan Kerdnaimongkol ◽  
Anju Bhatia ◽  
Robert J. Joly ◽  
William R. Woodson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity

Diurnal variation in the chilling sensitivity of tomato seedlings was examined. Sensitivity to chilling in tomato seedlings is a response to light and not under the control of a circadian rhythm. Chilling sensitivity is highest in seedlings chilled at the end of the dark period, and these seedlings become more resistant to chilling injury upon exposure to the light. Diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity was associated with changes in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The results show an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the end of the light period. The recovery of the net photosynthesis rate following chilling was faster in seedlings chilled at the end of the light period. It is suggested that an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the end of light period before the chilling plays a role in the resistance to chilling stress in tomato seedlings. Forty-eight hours of 14°C acclimation or hydrogen peroxide pretreatment conferred chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings and were correlated with elevated catalase activity. Acclimated seedlings still exhibited diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity while hydrogen peroxide treated seedlings showed little evidence of a diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity. Transgenic tomato plants expressing an antisense catalase gene were generated. A several-fold decrease in total catalase has been detected in the leaf extracts of transformants. Preliminary analysis of these plants indicated that modification of reactive oxygen species scavenging in plant system can lead to change in oxidative stress tolerance.

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