scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles: a promising cell-free therapy for cartilage repair

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Musdalifah Amsar ◽  
Christofora Hanny Wijaya ◽  
Ika Dewi Ana ◽  
Atik Choirul Hidajah ◽  
Hari Basuki Notobroto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cartilage Injuries ◽  
Delivery Strategies

Few effective therapies for cartilage repair have been found as cartilage has a low regenerative capacity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are produced by cells and contain bioactive components such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other metabolites that have potential for treating cartilage injuries. Challenges like the difficulty in standardizing targeted therapy have prevented EVs from being used frequently as a treatment option. In this review we present current studies, mechanisms and delivery strategies of EVs. Additionally, we describe the challenges and future directions of EVs as therapeutic agents for cartilage repair.

scholarly journals Advances in therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (492) ◽  
pp. eaav8521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar P. B. Wiklander ◽  
Meadhbh Á. Brennan ◽  
Jan Lötvall ◽  
Xandra O. Breakefield ◽  
Samir EL Andaloussi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
And Function

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-sized, lipid membrane–enclosed vesicles secreted by most, if not all, cells and contain lipids, proteins, and various nucleic acid species of the source cell. EVs act as important mediators of intercellular communication that influence both physiological and pathological conditions. Given their ability to transfer bioactive components and surmount biological barriers, EVs are increasingly being explored as potential therapeutic agents. EVs can potentiate tissue regeneration, participate in immune modulation, and function as potential alternatives to stem cell therapy, and bioengineered EVs can act as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. Here, we cover recent approaches and advances of EV-based therapies.

scholarly journals Alginate-based hydrogels functionalised at the nanoscale using layer-by-layer assembly for potential cartilage repair

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1922-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gentile ◽  
C. Ghione ◽  
A. M. Ferreira ◽  
A. Crawford ◽  
P. V. Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Layer By Layer Assembly ◽  
Cartilage Injuries ◽  
Articular Cartilage Injuries ◽  
Layer Assembly

Articular cartilage injuries are frequently difficult to repair because of the poor regenerative capacity of this tissue.

scholarly journals Eighty Percent Survival of Resurfacing Implants in the Knee After 10 Years: A Nationwide Cohort Study on 379 Procedures from the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110309
Author(s):  
Bjørn B. Christensen ◽  
Anders El-Galaly ◽  
Jens Ole Laursen ◽  
Martin Lind
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Secondary Osteoarthritis ◽  
Arthroplasty Registry ◽  
Cartilage Injuries

Objective Focal cartilage injuries are debilitating and difficult to treat. Biological cartilage repair procedures are used for patients younger than 40 years, and knee arthroplasties are generally reserved for patients older than 60 years. Resurfacing implants are well suited for patients in this treatment gap. The objective was to investigate the 10-year survival of resurfacing implants in the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry. Design In this retrospective cohort study, patients treated with resurfacing implants were followed longitudinally in the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry from 1997 to 2020. The primary endpoint was revision surgery. The survival of the resurfacing implants was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results A total of 379 resurfacing implant procedures were retrieved from the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry. The mean age and weight of patients were 50 years (SD = 11) and 84 kg (SD = 17), respectively. The indications for surgery were as follows: secondary osteoarthritis (42%), primary osteoarthritis (32%), and osteochondral lesions (20%). Within the follow-up period, 70 (19%) of the implants were revised to arthroplasties. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year revision-free survival estimation was 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97), 0.84 (95% CI 0.80-0.88), and 0.80 (95% CI 0.75-0.84), respectively. The median time to revision was 2 years. Conclusion The 10-year revision-free survival rate for resurfacing implants was 80%. Based on the revision rates, this treatment offers a viable alternative to biological cartilage repair methods in patients aged 40 to 60 years with focal cartilage pathology. Improved patient selection could further improve the implant survival rate. Further studies are needed to investigate this treatment method.

scholarly journals Delivery of Therapeutic Agents to the Central Nervous System and the Promise of Extracellular Vesicles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. René ◽  
Robin J. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

The central nervous system (CNS) is surrounded by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents pathogens, solutes and most molecules from non-selectively crossing into the CNS. Thus, the BBB acts to protect the CNS from potentially deleterious insults. Unfortunately, the BBB also frequently presents a significant barrier to therapies, impeding passage of drugs and biologicals to target cells within the CNS. This review provides an overview of different approaches to deliver therapeutics across the BBB, with an emphasis in extracellular vesicles as delivery vehicles to the CNS.

scholarly journals Bioactives from Bee Products and Accompanying Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Bioactive Components for Wound Healing

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3770
Author(s):  
Željka Peršurić ◽  
Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
High Diversity

In recent years, interest has surged among researchers to determine compounds from bee products such as honey, royal jelly, propolis and bee pollen, which are beneficial to human health. Mass spectrometry techniques have shown that bee products contain a number of proven health-promoting compounds but also revealed rather high diversity in the chemical composition of bee products depending on several factors, such as for example botanical sources and geographical origin. In the present paper, we present recent scientific advances in the field of major bioactive compounds from bee products and corresponding regenerative properties. We also discuss extracellular vesicles from bee products as a potential novel bioactive nutraceutical component. Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived membranous structures that show promising potential in various therapeutic areas. It has been extensively reported that the use of vesicles, which are naturally formed in plant and animal cells, as delivery agents have many advantages. Whether the use of extracellular vesicles from bee products represents a new solution for wound healing remains still to be elucidated. However, promising results in specific applications of the bee products in wound healing and tissue regenerative properties of extracellular vesicles provide a good rationale to further explore this idea.

Five potential therapeutic agents as antidepressants: a brief review and future directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Min Wang ◽  
Changsu Han ◽  
Soo-Jung Lee ◽  
Ashwin A Patkar ◽  
Prakash S Masand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Future Directions

scholarly journals ETHNOBOTANICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NEPENTHES SPECIES: A REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaibu Babaji Sanusi ◽  
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar ◽  
Maryati Mohamed ◽  
Siti Fatimah Sabran ◽  
Muhammad Murtala Mainasara
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Gastrointestinal Discomfort ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses

The genus Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) has been utilized in folk medicine for a long time in India and Southeast Asia countries. They are used in the treatment of leprosy, cholera, night blindness, gastrointestinal discomfort, dysentery, stomachache, and bed-wetting among others. This review highlights the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of both crude extracts and pure bioactive compounds of Nepenthes spp. The phytochemical compounds isolated from Nepenthes species include flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and steroids among other phytochemicals. A wide range of pharmacological activities was exhibited by the crude extracts and pure bioactive components such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiosteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and hypolipidemic activities. This review revealed that many active compounds are present in Nepenthes spp. However, many pharmacological screenings such as anticancer, antiviral, wound healing, antihelminthic, antidiarrheal properties, among others have not been carried out yet. Therefore, more biological investigations and phytochemical screenings are required to fully explore the genus Nepenthes which may lead to development of new therapeutic agents.  

scholarly journals Role of Small Molecule Targeted Compounds in Cancer: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Sun ◽  
Dawei Rong ◽  
Zhouxiao Li ◽  
Guangshun Sun ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Molecular Targeted Therapy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Clinical Drug

Research on molecular targeted therapy of tumors is booming, and novel targeted therapy drugs are constantly emerging. Small molecule targeted compounds, novel targeted therapy drugs, can be administered orally as tablets among other methods, and do not draw upon genes, causing no immune response. It is easily structurally modified to make it more applicable to clinical needs, and convenient to promote due to low cost. It refers to a hotspot in the research of tumor molecular targeted therapy. In the present study, we review the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved use of small molecule targeted compounds in tumors, summarize the clinical drug resistance problems and mechanisms facing the use of small molecule targeted compounds, and predict the future directions of the evolving field.

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