scholarly journals ETHANOMEDICINAL PLANTS WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT FROM SOUTHERN HARYANA, INDIA: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1013-1034
Author(s):  
Sumitra Singh ◽  
◽  
Bhagwati Devi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Basic Symptoms ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Infection Response ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Inflammation is a physiological host response to external challenges or cellular injury such as pathogens, damaged cells or irritants leading to the release of a complex array of inflammatory mediators and aiding the recovery of tissue structure and function.All inflammatory processes develop along a known sequence: locally increased blood supply, leakage of fluid, small molecule or proteins and infiltration of cells.Inflammation is not a synonym for infection, even in case where inflammation is caused by infection, response includes clinical signs of erythema, edema, hyperalgesia and pain. Since the ancient Greek and Roman era five basic symptoms of inflammation have been known i.e, redness, swelling, heat, pain and deranged function are produced by inflammatory agents such as nitric oxide, prostaglandins, bradykinin, serotonin, leukotrienes and histamine. The inflammatory process is a series of events that can be elicited by numerous stimuli such as infectious and thermal or physical injury through years of ingenious synthesis and structural modifications.

scholarly journals Serum Metabolic Profiling Reveals Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Intake of Black Ginseng Extracts in Beagle Dogs

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Jin Kim ◽  
Dae Young Lee ◽  
Ho-Eun Park ◽  
Dahye Yoon ◽  
Bumkyu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Black Ginseng ◽  
White Ginseng ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Black ginseng (BG) has better health benefits than white ginseng. The intake of BG changes the levels of metabolites, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and other metabolites. However, there is no research on the effect of BG extract intake on the metabolic profile of dog serum. In this study, serum metabolic profiling was conducted to investigate metabolic differences following the intake of BG extracts in beagle dogs. The beagle dogs were separated into three groups and fed either a regular diet (RD, control), RD with a medium concentration of BG extract (BG-M), or RD with a high concentration of BG extract (BG-H). Differences were observed among the three groups after the dogs ingested the experimental diet for eight weeks. The concentrations of alanine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine changed with the intake of BG extracts. Furthermore, levels of glycine and β-alanine increased in the BG-H group compared to the control and BG-M groups, indicating that BG extracts are associated with anti-inflammatory processes. Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of BG extract in beagle dogs. Glycine and β-alanine are proposed as candidate serum biomarkers in dogs that can discriminate between the effects of ingesting BG-H.

scholarly journals Influence of HammecoTox and Zeolitis on morphological and biochemical indicators of rat's blood under conditions of experimental fumonisin toxicosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
O.M. Brezvyn ◽  
G.V. Rudyk ◽  
Z.A. Guta
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
State Scientific Research ◽  
Complex Influence

In the article the peculiarities of the influence of fodder additives HammecoTox and Zeolit on the organism of rats under conditions of experimental chronic fumonisin toxicosis are given. The research was carried out under vivarium of State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives. In the experiment, 40 rats of body weight 165–170 g. were used. 4 groups were formed. First group of animals was control, in experimental II, III, and IV groups of animals chronic fumonisin toxicosis was reproduced. Rats were injected intragastrically daily of 90 mg of fumonisin per animal. After the manifestation of clinical signs of fumonisin toxicosis on the 21st day, animals of groups ІІІ-ІV began to feed fodder additives, respectively, rats from group III – HammecoTox, IV – Zeolit. After injection of fumonisin to experimental rats, the morpho-functional state of animals has been gradually changing since the first days. Clinical picture of fumonisin toxicosis in experimental rats at day 14 was manifested by dermo-necrotic effect, it was observed redness and formation of crust on visible mucous membranes, nose, showed swelling and redness of the forelocks. After the analysis of the obtained results of hematological researches on the 14th day in rats of group II under the conditions of experimental fumonisin toxicosis, was revealed a probable increase in the number of leukocytes, was established a tendency for growth, the number of eosinophils, segmental neutrophils, as well as a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, compared with the control group. In the analysis of leukograms was noted a tendency to shift the nucleus to the left. These results indicated the presence of inflammatory processes and reduced immune protection of the organism of animals in general. After using of feed additives of HammecoTox and Zeolit under conditions of fumonisin toxicosis, of particular note is the stabilization of hematological parameters, the content of hematocrit, the number of leukocytes, the increase in the content of eosinophils and lymphocytes, which reflects the activation of hematopoiesis in the organism of experimental animals and its protective factors. An increase in the urea content in these groups indicates the recovery of urea-synthesis and urea-excretory liver function. In general, for the period of the conducted searches, the effectiveness of both feed additives in the experimental fumonisin toxicosis has been established. However, it should be noted that more active processes of normalizing the clinical condition of experimental rats when using HammecoTox, which is due to the complex influence of the means on the organism of animals.

scholarly journals Perspectives and Challenges in the Fight Against COVID-19: The Role of Genetic Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Guilger-Casagrande ◽  
Cecilia T. de Barros ◽  
Vitória A. N. Antunes ◽  
Daniele R. de Araujo ◽  
Renata Lima
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
Infection Mechanisms

In the last year, the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic brought a new consideration for the multidisciplinary sciences. The unknown mechanisms of infection used by SARS-CoV-2 and the absence of effective antiviral pharmacological therapy, diagnosis methods, and vaccines evoked scientific efforts on the COVID-19 outcome. In general, COVID-19 clinical features are a result of local and systemic inflammatory processes that are enhanced by some preexistent comorbidities, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases, and biological factors, like gender and age. However, the discrepancies in COVID-19 clinical signs observed among those patients lead to investigations about the critical factors that deeply influence disease severity and death. Herein, we present the viral infection mechanisms and its consequences after blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) axis in different tissues and the progression of inflammatory and immunological reactions, especially the influence of genetic features on those differential clinical responses. Furthermore, we discuss the role of genotype as an essential indicator of COVID-19 susceptibility, considering the expression profiles, polymorphisms, gene identification, and epigenetic modifications of viral entry factors and their recognition, as well as the infection effects on cell signaling molecule expression, which amplifies disease severity.

scholarly journals Clinical and haematological indices of the cows for acute catarrhal-purulent endometritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
L. V. Koreyba
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Haemoglobin Content ◽  
Haematological Indices

Postpartum inflammatory processes in the genital organs are enough common reason of prolonged symptomatic infertility, which is from 10 to 72% of the total dairy herd of cows and are often registered in the form acute endometritis. The goal of the work was to study non-specific indicators resistance in healthy and illness with catarrhal purulent endometritis of cows. The haematological tests research were carried out during the winter-spring period on cows of four groups, which were formed on the basis of analogues and on the basis of clinical and gynaecological investigations. Presented data regarding special feature of clinical signs of postnatal endometritis in cows. In cows during the puerperal period recorded acute serous of endometritis purulent-catarrhal. The acute catarrhal purulent endometritis causes in cows significant changes in the morphological composition of blood and all investigated units of natural resistance. In illness  cows with compared to healthy ones pregnant cows have had an undoubted increase in haemoglobin content (by 15.4%), the number of eosinophils and  neutrophils which core has rod shape; an increase in the number of leukocytes (by 8.3%) and a decrease in lymphocytes, bactericidal (10.42%) and lysozyme activity of plasma (0.96%) was not reliable. The low index of phagocytic activity for acute postpartum endometritis suggests the inhibition of phagocytosis in the body of illness cows. The acute catarrhal purulent endometritis causes in cows significant changes in the morphological composition of blood and all investigated units natural resistance. The low index of phagocytic activity for such state as acute postpartum endometritis suggests the inhibition of phagocytosis in the body of illness cows. Further work will be focused on the using of indices of non-specific resistance of cows for prediction and correction of inflammatory processes in the uterus.

scholarly journals Epithelial Infection with Candida albicans Elicits a Multi-system Response in Planarians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Isael Maciel ◽  
Ashley Valle Arevalo ◽  
Benjamin Ziman ◽  
Clarissa J. Nobile ◽  
Néstor J. Oviedo
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
System Response ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Infection Response ◽  
Two Peaks

ABSTRACTCandida albicans is one of the most common fungal pathogens of humans. Prior work introduced the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a new model system to study the host response to fungal infection at the organismal level. In the current study, we analyzed host-pathogen changes that occurred in situ during early infection with C. albicans. We found that the transcription factor Bcr1 and its downstream adhesin Als3 are required for C. albicans to adhere to and colonize the planarian epithelial surface, and that adherence of C. albicans triggers a multi-system host response that is mediated by the Dectin signaling pathway. This infection response is characterized by two peaks of stem cell divisions and transcriptional changes in differentiated tissues including the nervous and the excretory systems. This response bears some resemblance to a wound-like response to physical injury; however, it takes place without visible tissue damage and it engages a distinct set of progenitor cells. Overall, we identified two C. albicans proteins that mediate epithelial infection of planarians and a comprehensive host response facilitated by diverse tissues to effectively clear the infection.

scholarly journals Fatal Neurological Disease in Scrapie-Infected Mice Induced for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (18) ◽  
pp. 9942-9949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Friedman-Levi ◽  
Haim Ovadia ◽  
Romana Hoftberger ◽  
Ofira Einstein ◽  
Oded Abramsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Prion Disease ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Cns Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

ABSTRACT During the years or decades of prion disease incubation, at-risk individuals are certain to encounter diverse pathological insults, such as viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, or inflammatory processes. Whether prion disease incubation time and clinical signs or otherwise the pathology of intercurrent diseases can be affected by the coinfection process is unknown. To investigate this possibility, mice infected with the scrapie agent at both high and low titers were subsequently induced for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an immune system-mediated model of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. We show here that coinduced mice died from a progressive neurological disease long before control mice succumbed to classical scrapie. To investigate the mechanism of the coinduced syndrome, we evaluated biochemical and pathological markers of both diseases. Brain and spleen PrPSc levels in the dying coinduced mice were comparable to those observed in asymptomatic scrapie-infected animals, suggesting that coinduced disease is not an accelerated form of scrapie. In contrast, inflammatory markers, such as demyelination, immune cell infiltrates, and gliosis, were markedly increased in coinduced mouse spinal cords. Activated astrocytes were especially elevated in the medulla oblongata. Furthermore, PrPsc depositions were found in demyelinated white matter areas in coinduced mouse spinal cords, suggesting the presence of activated infected immune cells that infiltrate into the CNS to facilitate the process of prion neuroinvasion. We hypothesize that inflammatory processes affecting the CNS may have severe clinical implications in subjects incubating prion diseases.

scholarly journals PEA/Polydatin: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Approach to Counteract DNBS-Induced Colitis

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Alessio Filippo Peritore ◽  
Ramona D’Amico ◽  
Marika Cordaro ◽  
Rosalba Siracusa ◽  
Roberta Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has well-known anti-inflammatory effects. However, PEA does not possess an antioxidant ability. A comicronized formulation of ultramicronized PEA (um-PEA) and polydatin (Pol) PEA/Pol, a biological precursor of resveratrol with antioxidant activity, could have protective effects on oxidative stress produced by inflammatory processes. We evaluated the effects of a comicronized PEA/Pol 10 mg/kg (9 mg of um-PEA+1 mg of polydatin) in a model of Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis. Ulcerative colitis was induced in mice by intrarectally injection of DNBS (4 mg in 100 µL of 50% ethanol per mouse). Macroscopic and histologic colon alterations and marked clinical signs were observed four days after DNBS and elevated cytokine production. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assessed for neutrophil infiltration was associated with ICAM-1 and P-selectin adhesion controls in colons. Oxidative stress was detected with increased poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and nitrotyrosine positive staining and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in inflamed colons. Macroscopic and histologic alterations minimized by oral PEA/Pol, as well as neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory cytokine release, MDA, nitrotyrosine, PARP and ICAM-1, and P-selectin expressions. The mechanism of action of PEA/Pol could be related to the sirtuin 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (SIRT-1/Nrf2) pathway and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. PEA/Pol administration inhibited NF-κB and increased SIRT-1/Nrf2 expressions. Our results show that PEA/Pol is capable of decreasing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) DNBS-induced in mice.

scholarly journals Neurological disorder in two moose calves ( Alces alces L.) naturally infected with Elaphostrongylus alces

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Steen ◽  
Lars Roepstorff
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Two months old moose calves exhibiting neurological signs were videotaped, killed and necropsied. The parasite Elaphostrongylus alces (Steen et al 1989) was found epidurally along the meninges of the spinal cord, and in the muscle faciae of the thoracic and lumbar regions. Progressive inflammatory processes were present in the epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium. Accumulations of inflammatory cells, eosinophils, lymfocytes and macrophages, were found around eggs and larvae and frequently, around regional blood wessels. The neurological disturbances in the moose calves were pronounced, with locomotive abnormalities and ataxia. They showed weakness in the hindquarters, with uncoordinated and swaying movements of the hind legs. In addition, one of the calves was lame on the left forelimb. The muscles of the leg were visibly atrophic. The lesions produced by E. alces at the lumbar nerve roots and in the cauda equina are suggested to be the cause of the clinical signs observed.

scholarly journals Host Defence against Bacterial Biofilms: “Mission Impossible”?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrud Maria Hänsch
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Ultimate Cause ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Bacteria living as biofilms have been recognised as the ultimate cause of persistent and destructive inflammatory processes. Biofilm formation is a well-organised, genetically-driven process, which is well characterised for numerous bacteria species. In contrast, the host response to bacterial biofilms is less well analysed, and there is the general believe that bacteria in biofilms escape recognition or eradication by the immune defence. In this review the host response to bacterial biofilms is discussed with particular focus on the role of neutrophils because these phagocytic cells are the first to infiltrate areas of bacterial infection, and because neutrophils are equipped with a wide arsenal of bactericidal and toxic entities. I come to the conclusion that bacterial biofilms are not inherently protected against the attack by neutrophils, but that control of biofilm formation is possible depending on a timely and sufficient host response.

scholarly journals Circulating Inflammatory Mediators in Patients with Fever: Predicting Bloodstream Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Johan Groeneveld ◽  
Ailko W. J. Bossink ◽  
Gerard J. van Mierlo ◽  
C. Erik Hack
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Microbial Invasion ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Wbc Count

ABSTRACT The systemic host response to microbial infection involves clinical signs and symptoms of infection, including fever and elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts. In addition, inflammatory mediators are released, including activated complement product C3a, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the acute-phase reactant secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). To compare the value of the latter with the former in predicting (the degree of) microbial infection at the bedside, we determined clinical variables and took blood samples daily for 3 consecutive days in 300 patients with a new fever (>38.0°C rectally or >38.3°C axillary). Microbiological culture results for 7 days after inclusion were collected. Patients were divided into clinical and microbial categories: those without and with a clinical focus of infection and those with negative cultures, with positive local cultures or specific stains for fungal (n = 13) or tuberculous infections (n = 1), and with positive blood cultures, including one patient with malaria parasitemia. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for prediction of positive cultures was 0.60 (P < 0.005) for peak temperature and 0.59 (P < 0.01) for peak WBC count, 0.60 (P < 0.005) for peak C3a, 0.63 (P < 0.001) for peak IL-6, and 0.61 (P < 0.001) for peak sPLA2. The AUC under the ROC curve for prediction of positive blood cultures was 0.68 (P < 0.001) for peak temperature and 0.56 for peak WBC count (P < 0.05). The AUC for peak C3a was 0.69, that for peak IL-6 was 0.70, and that for sPLA2 was 0.67 (for all, P < 0.001). The degree of microbial invasion is thus a major determinant of the clinical and inflammatory host response in patients with fever. Moreover, circulating inflammatory mediators such as C3a and IL-6 may help to predict positive blood cultures, together with clinical signs and symptoms of the host response to microbial infection, even before culture results are available. This may help in the designing of entry criteria for therapeutic intervention studies.

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