scholarly journals Anatomo-morphological features of free-living and farmed pheasants

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Beeger ◽  
Mariusz Wójcik ◽  
Marian Flis ◽  
Marek Marecki ◽  
Robert Pyrkosz Roman Dziedzic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Biometric Measurements

This study compared pheasant roosters living in a natural habitat (n = 10), where farm-bred birds had not been released for 7 years (hence the wild-living birds were assumed to have been determined exclusively by environmental conditions),. The other group (n = 10) comprised farmed pheasant roosters. In December 2010, the pheasants were hunted, and biometric measurements of some traits were performed. After dissection, the muscles, bones, organs, and gastrointestinal tract were weighed, and the length of the intestines was measured. It was shown that the farmed pheasants had a significantly higher body weight (1583 g and 1407 g), which was mainly related to the higher fat content (144 g and 30 g). The farmed roosters had shorter rectrices. The heart-to-body weight and liver-to-body weight ratios, i.e. 0.6 % and 1.9 % respectively, were the same in both groups. No differences were found between the groups in terms of the weight of the pectoral, limb, and wing muscles, but the farmed roosters had heavier leg and wing bones. The length of the intestines per 100 g body weight was 10.5 cm in the farmed roosters and 13.3 cm in the free-living birds. Statistical analysis of variance was performed, and the differences between the groups were verified with the Mann-Whitney test. The farmed pheasants were shown to differ only slightly from the free-living birds from the natural habitat; hence, they are suitable for reintroduction.

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE WALLS OF DIFFERENT ORGANS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN NEWBORN, YOUNG AND YEARLING BOVINES: EFFECTS OF DIET AND FASTING

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. FAY ◽  
K.-J. CHENG ◽  
J. W. COSTERTON
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Apase Activity

Alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity was assayed in tissue samples from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of newborn Holstein calves, and of 3- to 10-mo-old calves fed on milk only or starter-grower ration plus alfalfa hay. Statistical analysis of APase activity from different regions of the GIT showed effects of diet and site (P < 0.01) and an interaction of diet × site (P < 0.01) on APase activity. APase was high in the reticulo-rumen: intermediate in the omasum and the intestinal region: and low in the tongue, esophagus and abomasum. Within the same organ. APase differed considerably according to the location of the sites. Calves fed the fiber-containing diet had higher APase than those fed milk only. APase activity in the reticulo-rumen was much lower in newborn calves than in older calves, but in the other regions of the GIT, values were similar for the two groups. The effect of fasting on APase activity in rumen and abomasum walls of 20 yearling Hereford and Angus bulls fed on two different diets was also studied. In most cases, fasting decreased wall-associated APase activities. Interactions for breed × diet × site (P < 0.01), for breed × fasting × site (P < 0.01), and for diet × fasting × site (P < 0.05) on rumen APase activity, and for breed × diet × fasting (P < 0.01) on abomasum APase activity, were detected in this experiment. These variations in APase activity within the digestive tract are discussed in relation to the absorption capacity, degree of abrasion, and degree of keratinization of the tissues involved.

scholarly journals Relationship between the school backpack load and university students’ posture

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 33440
Author(s):  
Thiago Pereira Veronese ◽  
Iracimara De Anchieta Messias ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro ◽  
Dalva Minonroze Albuquerque Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
University Students ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Postural Assessment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Backpack Load

AIMS: To relate the effect of progressive increases in the load of the school backpack with the posture of university students.METHOD: Twenty-six female university students from the physiotherapy course, aged between 18 and 25 years, were evaluated. Loads of 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% of the volunteers’ body weight were placed in a backpack on the shoulders of the volunteers. Next, images were captured in the right sagittal plane, processed through Postural Assessment Software (SAPO). The statistical analyzes were performed using Analysis of Variance test.RESULTS: The results obtained demonstrated significant differences in the angles between the elbow and the anterior superior iliac spine when carrying 7% compared to 0% (p=0.001); and the acromion and anterior superior iliac spine comparing 7% with 0%, (p=0.032). In the other measurements, there were no significant differences.CONCLUSION: Loads from 7% of body weight are sufficient to promote postural changes.

Determining the Levels of Urbanization in Iran Using Hierar-chical Clustering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa ENAYATRAD ◽  
Parvin YAVARI ◽  
Koorosh ETEMAD ◽  
Sohila KHODAKARIM ◽  
Sepideh MAHDAVI
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
To Come ◽  
South Khorasan ◽  
Different Levels

Background: In this study, we used a variety of factors that affect urbanization in Iran to evaluate different provinces in Iran in terms of the level of urbanization. Methods: Using information from census 2011, we collected data on 33 indicators related to urbanization in 31 provinces in Iran. To rank the provinces we used density-based hierarchical clustering scheme. To determine similarities or differences between the provinces, the square of the Euclidean distance dissimilarity coefficient; Ward’s algorithm was used to merge the provinces to minimize intra-cluster variance. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the variance between the variables used to rank the provinces in terms of different levels of urbanization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The provinces in Iran were combined with each other in 30 stages and classified into four levels. Taking into account the variables used to rank the level of urbanization, Tehran, and Alborz provinces were at the highest level of urbanization. On the other hand, the provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Kerman, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Hormozgan, and Bushehr were at the lowest level of urbanization. Conclusion: Identification of provinces at the same level of urbanization can help us to discover the strengths and weaknesses in the infrastructures of each of them. Given the differences between various levels of urbanization, the identification of factors that are effective in the process of urbanization can help to access more information required for designing plans for the years to come.

scholarly journals Brown Seaweeds (Sargassum macrocarpum) as Nitrate (NO3) Reducer

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-11
Author(s):  
Rhoda E. Panganiban
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Sargassum Macrocarpum ◽  
National Power

This study entitled, BROWN SEAWEEDS (Sargassum macrocarpum) AS NITRATE (NO3) REDUCER  was conducted to find out if brown seaweeds can help lessen the nitrate content of contaminated water particularly water used in rice field irrigation. After the brown seaweeds were gathered, and the contaminated water from the river used in rice field irrigation was collected, treatments for experimentation were prepared. There were four treatments used: Treatments A, B, C, and D (control). One thousand (1000) mL of contaminated water was placed in each of the containers of all the treatments. After then 50 grams of brown seaweeds were placed in A, 100 g in B, 150 g in C and no seaweed for D. The treatments were observed for nine (9) days and its nitrate (NO3) content tested every three days. The tests were done in the Water Laboratory of the National Power Corporation, Calaca, Batangas using the Spectrophotometer. Results showed that Treatment C with the greatest amount of seaweeds eliminated more nitrate than the other treatments based on the statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is therefore concluded that brown seaweeds (Sargassum macrocarpum) have the ability and the efficacy of reducing the nitrate content of contaminated water.

A Regional and Social Dialectology of the BATH Vowel in South African English

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajend Mesthrie ◽  
Alida Chevalier ◽  
Timothy Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South African ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Regional Difference ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Bivariate Data

AbstractThis paper provides the beginnings of a pan–South African English dialectology, characterizing five cities (Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Kimberley, Johannesburg, and Durban) and four ethnicities (Black, Colored, Indian, and White), via a single vowel, BATH (or /ɑ:/). From interviews with 200 selected speakers, 5553 tokens were subjected to acoustic analysis via PRAAT (Boersma & Weenink, 2010), yielding bivariate data on vowel quality. Statistical analysis via analysis of variance focused on sets of five persons in each of 40 city-ethnicity-gender combinations. Overall, no city shows cohesion across all ethnic groups, though Kimberley, the smallest of the cities, and Johannesburg, the largest, come close. Conversely, no ethnicity shows cohesion across all cities, although Black speakers of traditional L2 English background come close. There is a robust regional difference for Colored speakers between Johannesburg and the other cities. Gender effects are notable: women's means are closer to the historically prestige [ɑ:] variant than the historically broader variant [ɔ:] in 6 of 20 possible groupings by city and ethnicity; in none of the cases is the opposite true.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Vegetable-Based Dental Chew to 2 Other Chews for Oral Health Prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 089875642110542
Author(s):  
Jerzy Gawor ◽  
Katarzyna Jodkowska ◽  
Emilia Klim ◽  
Michał Jank ◽  
Celine S. Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calculus Formation

Giving dental chews to dogs is part of the passive homecare that helps prevent the formation of plaque and tartar. The objectives of these studies were to assess the effectiveness of a vegetable-based dental chew (VF) to maintain oral health, and to compare it to 2 different reference chews (RC) with a proven effectiveness. The first study was conducted on 45 small dogs (<10 kg) and the second on 60 larger dogs (15-30 kg) who were randomly assigned to 3 different groups. During 30 days, one group received no chew (control) while the second and third group received either one RC (RC1 or RC2) or one VF per day. All dogs had their teeth scaled on Day 0. On Day 30, scores were given for plaque and calculus. Gingival parameters were also assessed. Statistical analysis (analysis of variance and Tukey tests ± Bonferroni's adjustment) were performed to compare groups with α set at .05 for significance. The 3 types of chews were found to be efficacious to reduce plaque and calculus formation and the gingival bleeding compared to control ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between RCs and VF in both trials except for the gingival bleeding parameters which showed a greater improvement with VF. Therefore, daily administration of the VF is effective to reduce plaque and calculus formation and gingival bleeding and has a better efficacy on gingival bleeding than the other reference products tested. It can therefore be used with confidence at home for preventative dental care.

scholarly journals PSVIII-22 Microsatellite-based heterozygosity fitness correlations in reindeer

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 266-266
Author(s):  
Arsen V Dotsev ◽  
Veronika R Kharzinova ◽  
Tatiana M Romanenko ◽  
Gottfried Brem ◽  
Elena Nikitkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
R Package ◽  
The Other ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Identical By Descent ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Inbreeding Level

Abstract Inbred individuals often show reduced fitness due to increased number of loci identical by descent as the loss of heterozygosity may lead to the unmasking of deleterious recessive alleles. Inbreeding level can be measured either based on pedigree or genetic markers. The latter can be used for heterozygosity fitness correlation (HFC) studies in populations which pedigrees are unknown. Here, we estimated individual heterozygosity level in reindeer based on ten STR and investigated heterozygosity fitness correlations. A total of 64 individuals were divided into two groups: males (M, n = 16) and females (F, n = 48). The influence of inbreeding on height at withers (HaW), chest depth (CD), chest width (CW), chest girth (CG), wrist girth (WG), body length(BL), head length (HL), body weight (BW), hip width (HW) and loin width (LW) was examined. R package “inbreedR” was used for statistical analysis. Identity disequilibrium point estimate - g2 was calculated to estimate the correlations between inbreeding, multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) and fitness. For M group the measure of g2 was 0.03390±0.02564, p (g2 &gt;0) = 0.017, and for F group - 0.03973±0.02377, p (g2 &gt; 0) = 0.006. Expected r2 between inbreeding level and heterozygosity was 0.49795 and 0.40812 for M and F, respectively. The highest HFCs in M group were detected for CG - 0.35, WG – 0.26, BW – 0.18 and HW – 0.14 i.e. traits that are characteristics for body composition. The highest HFCs in F group were for LW – 0.22, CW – 0.16 and HaW – 0.15 i.e. traits related to reproductivity. For all the other traits HFCs were close to zero. Our study demonstrated that STR can be used for calculations of MLH and inbreeding correlations as well as for detecting traits that are influenced by inbreeding in reindeer. The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation (Pr. no.16-16-10068).

scholarly journals Color Change of Different Dual-Cure Resin Cements After Thermocycling

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Ayşe Atay DDS, PhD ◽  
Zülal Palazli DDS ◽  
Işıl Gürdal DDS ◽  
Aslıhan Üşümez DDS, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Smirnov Test

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the color change of the amine-free dual-cure resin cements. IPS e.max CAD blocs were cut into specimens of 1 mm thickness (N=28) and cemented with one of the 4 different amine-free dual-cure resin cements (NX3 Nexus [NX], Kerr Dental; Variolink Esthetic DC [VE], Ivoclar Vivadent; Panavia V5 [PV], Kuraray Dental; G-CEM Linkforce [GC], GC Corporation) (n=7). A spectrophotometer was used for color measurements. Specimens were subjected to thermocycling (5°C and 55°C; 5000 and 10000 cycles). Normality of data distribution was tested by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p<0.05. ∆E values were significantly influenced by the resin cements and the cycle periods (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between NX and VE groups after 5000 thermocycling, however after 10000 thermocycling VE group showed higher ∆E1 values than NX group (p>0.05).  There were no statistically significant differences between the ∆E0 and ∆E1 values of the GC group, however the other groups were affected after 10000 thermocycling (p>0.05). Amine-free resin cements used for cementation showed color change after thermocycling except GC group. All resin cements were showed clinically acceptable color change after thermocycling (∆E < 3.5).

Turnover and Distribution of 131Iodine-Labelled Human Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 404-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Amris ◽  
C. J Amris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Coagulation Defects ◽  
Fractional Turnover

Summary14 patients (5 diabetics with arteriosclerotic complications, 4 patients with thrombo-embolic disease, 4 with cirrhosis, coagulation defects and increased fibrinolytic activity, and 1 cancer patient) and 3 control patients were subjected to turnover studies with 13iodine labelled human fibrinogen.Half-life times in the control patients were found to be 4 days, the fractional turnover rates 19–23 per cent, of intravascular fibrinogen per day, and the absolute turnover 0.02 to 0.06 gm per day per kg. body weight. The other patient’s half-life times and turnover rates varied considerably from 0.9–5.5 days, 13–160 per cent, per day of intravascular fibrinogen and 0.02–0.4 gm per day per kg. body weight respectively.As fibrinogen unlike other proteins subjected to turnover studies, is converted to fibrin, it is not possible to measure the true intra-extravascular distribution ratio of fibrinogen. But intravascular fibrinogen could be approximated to constitute 68–99 per cent, of the total fibrinogen. There is justification in believing that fibrinogen is degradated through a continuous coagulation in equilibrium with fibrinolysis, and that the organism contains a greater mass of fibrin, the “fibrin pool”. Considerations of the turnover mechanism can however only be hypothetical.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of Acupuncture’s Antispasmodic Effect on Upper Gastrointestinal Tract during Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer: Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3050
Author(s):  
Masao Suzuki ◽  
Naoto Ishizaki ◽  
Takumi Kayo ◽  
Taiga Furuta ◽  
Ryo Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

A prospective study was conducted in patients with early-stage gastric cancer to determine the efficacy and safety of acupuncture stimulation as an antispasmodic compared with conventional medication during the procedure of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of the upper gastrointestinal tract. This study was a prospective single blinded quasi-randomized controlled trial. Seventy-three patients who were scheduled to undergo ESD for gastric cancer at Aizu Medical Center between 19 February 2016 and 30 June 2016 were assessed for eligibility for the study. Sixty out of 73 patients were included in the study and assigned into two intervention groups: medication group (MG) and acupuncture group (AG). Ease of the procedure was evaluated using modified NIWA classification (MNC) by endoscopist considering the frequency and amplitude of the upper gastrointestinal peristalsis. For the statistical analysis, Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the differences of MNC values (baseline and end of procedure) between two groups. The difference of MNC found in the AG (−2.00 (−3.0 to −2.0)) was significantly greater than that in the MG (−1.00 (−2.0 to −1.0), p < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney test). We consider that acupuncture to the abdomen could be an alternative antispasmodic method during upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure.

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