Determinants of Hesitancy to Childhood Immunizations in a Peri -Urban Settlement; A Case Study of Nansana Municipality, Uganda

Vaccine hesitancy to immunization against the childhood vaccine-preventable diseases is increasingly becoming a concern worldwide, which negatively impacts the parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children. The objective of this study was to establish the current prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and the factors that determine parent’s hesitancy to childhood immunizations in Nansana Municipality, Wakiso District, Uganda. This was a cross-sectional mixed methods study, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Evaluation of the determinants of vaccine hesitancy was carried out on 344 parents of children under 24 months, using simple random sampling on pre-tested structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Additionally, 2 focus group discussions with parents were also conducted. Vaccine hesitancy was found to be 27.6%. Education level (AOR=4.9, 95% CI, 2.6 -29.5, p=0.01), belief in vaccine effectiveness (AOR= 0.47, 95% CI, 0.17 – 0.97, p=0.01), health workers attitude (AOR=0.22, 95% CI, 0.06 - 0.86, p=0.03), timing of immunization service clinic (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI, 1.8 – 6.4, p=0.01) and adequate information provision (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.16 – 0.99, p=0.04), were the factors that were independently determining vaccine hesitancy. The vaccine hesitancy prevalence rate is comparatively similar to previous urban area studies. Despite parents overwhelmingly believing in vaccines protecting their children from vaccine-preventable disease, these same parents, express concerns regarding timing of the clinic and the side effects of vaccines. There is a need to improve on communication and information flow to address the many vaccine safety concerns, such as side effects. Keywords: Childhood, Determinants, Hesitancy, Immunization, Urban.

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COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions and Differences by Sex, Age, and Education in 1,367 Community Adults in Ontario

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.719665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Sabrina K. Syan ◽

Mahmood R. Gohari ◽

Emily E. Levitt ◽

Kyla Belisario ◽

Jessica Gillard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Bachelor's Degree ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Online Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

To Receive

Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic and vaccination efforts may be impeded by vaccine hesitancy. The present study examined willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, the associated reasons for willingness/unwillingness, and vaccine safety perceptions in a cross-sectional assessment of community adults in Ontario.Methods: One thousand three hundred sixty seven individuals (60.6% female, mean age = 37.5%) participated in this study between January 15, 2021 and February 15, 2021. Perceptions of vaccine safety and reasons for willingness/unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine were investigated using an online assessment. Perceptions were investigated in general and by age, sex and education using analysis of variance.Results: Overall, 82.8% of the sample reported they were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and 17.2% reported they were unwilling. The three most common reasons for unwillingness were long-term side effects (65.5%), immediate side effects (60.5%), and lack of trust in the vaccine (55.2%). Vaccine willingness significantly differed by sex and education level, with female participants and those with less than a bachelor's degree being more likely to report unwillingness. Perception of COVID-19 vaccine safety was significantly lower (−10.3%) than vaccines in general and differed by age, sex and education, with females, older adults, and individuals with less than a bachelor's degree reporting lower perceived COVID-19 vaccine safety.Conclusion: In this sample of community adults, the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate was less than one in five individuals, but with higher rates in population subgroups. Targeting public health messaging to females and individuals with less than bachelor's degree, and addressing concerns about long-term and immediate side effects may increase vaccine uptake.

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Parent attitudes about childhood vaccines: a vaccine hesitancy point prevalence study.

10.1101/2021.07.26.21261018 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Marshall ◽

Anne C Moore ◽

Laura J Sahm ◽

Aoife Fleming

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Survey Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Parent Attitudes ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Childhood Vaccines

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy using Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) survey regarding paediatric vaccines for their children, in a population of parents attending a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) outreach event in Cork, Ireland. Study design Cross-sectional survey study. Methods This study was conducted in November 2018 at the Community Festival of Science STEM event. Eligible attendees were invited to read the participant information leaflet, provide written informed consent, and complete the validated Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) survey. Each of the 15 PACV survey items was scored. A score ≥50 identified vaccine hesitant parents. Results A total of 105 parents participated in the study. A small number of participants (6.7%, n = 7) were identified as vaccine hesitant. There were no statistically significant differences between the vaccine hesitant and non-hesitant groups based on age, education, or number of children. Parents had concerns around vaccine side effects (36.2%, n=38) and vaccine safety (20%, n=21). Parents trusted the information they received on vaccines (85.6%, n=90) and 81.9% (n=86) believed that the vaccine schedule was good for their child. Conclusions The findings of this research indicate the presence of vaccine hesitancy in parents in Ireland regarding paediatric vaccines. Parents had concerns regarding vaccine side effects and the number of vaccines on the paediatric immunisation schedule. Further research is necessary to understand how these issues may contribute to vaccine hesitancy, and to develop evidence-based interventions to build on parents existing trust in the vaccination schedule.

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Physicians’ Experience with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Survey Study

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9121746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1746

Author(s):

Alina Dima ◽

Ciprian Jurcut ◽

Daniel Vasile Balaban ◽

Valeriu Gheorghita ◽

Ruxandra Jurcut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Safety Profile ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Survey Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccination Rates ◽

Additional Information

Background: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains high in the general population and is the main determinant of low vaccination rates and of the fourth pandemic wave severity in Romania. Additional information is needed to raise awareness over vaccine efficiency and the safety profile. Objective: To assess self-reported experience related to COVID-19 vaccination in Romanian physicians. Design, Setting, and Participants: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire-based survey, distributed online in the period 24 March to 24 May 2021. The survey included 30 cascade questions with skip logic filters. All physicians included filled in the questionnaire voluntarily and anonymously. Not all respondents filled in all questions. Main outcome and measure: Primary outcomes addressed were related to the COVID-19 vaccine safety profile. Results: 407/467 (87.15%) of the respondents’ physicians were fully vaccinated, mostly with the Pfizer—BioNTech (Comirnaty)—BNT162b2 vaccine, with the peak of immunization in January 2021, with almost four-fifths of the study participants. Regarding COVID-19, almost 20% physicians had the infection and one declared COVID-19 re-infection. A number of 48/420 (11.42%) and 47/419 (11.22%) of the vaccinated physicians did not report any side effects after the first or second vaccine dose. However, most of the side effects reported were minor. Only 50/360 (13.88%) physicians reported the vaccine side effects on the dedicated online national platform. Approximately 40% respondents checked the anti-spike SARS-CoV2 antibodies’ titer after complete vaccination, of which two cases reported indeterminate levels. Lower anti-spike SARS-CoV2 antibodies’ titer of 100–1000 times the laboratory limit was more frequent in naive physicians (36.95% versus 14.28%, p = 0.012), moderate titers were similar, while very high levels, more than 10,000 times laboratory limit, were more frequent in physicians with previous COVID-19 infection (2.17% versus 42.85%, p < 0.001). Conclusions and relevance: In this cross-sectional survey study on the COVID-19 vaccination among Romanian physicians, we describe a safety vaccination profile among Romanian physicians.

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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Mukalla City, Yemen

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1006327/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulla Bin-Ghouth ◽

Khaled Hussien Al-Kaldy

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Vaccine Acceptance ◽

Negative Role ◽

High Level

Abstract Background: In Yemen the epidemiology of COVID19 is uncertain. Yemen received the first batch of AstraZeneca vaccine in April 2021 and the vaccine campaign starts officially on 20 April 2021 with limited utilization. Media play a negative role about AstraZeneca vaccine safety and efficacy.Objectives: to investigate the acceptance of People and health workers in Mukalla city in Hadharmout (at eastern Yemen) toward the COVID-19 vaccine.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study to collect data from a convenience sample of health workers and other people during the first week of April 2021. Results: A total of 321 persons agree to participate in the study. Only 9% of the participants and 22% of health workers have knowledge about the COVID19 vaccine, only 15% of people and 26% of health workers agree to get the vaccine while 241 participants (75%) hesitated to get the vaccine. The most reasons for vaccine hesitancy were: the vaccine were arrived to Yemen of bad quality (69%), while 48% of hesitated participants said that the vaccine is unsafe, other reasons for unacceptance the vaccine are: regional believes (38%), other countries stop the vaccine (37%) while 16% of refused participants said that the reason is that the virus is subject to mutation so no need to vaccinate. Conclusions: Lack of knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine and high level of vaccine hesitancy were reported, the most frequent reasons for not accepted the vaccine are: bad quality of the vaccine and doubts about vaccine safety.

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Perceptions regarding childhood immunization among mothers in Kunnukara Panchayat, North Paravur, Ernakulam, Kerala

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 3506

Author(s):

Babita Susan Kuruvilla ◽

Vinu Cherian ◽

Ann Mary Thomas ◽

Brilly M. Rose ◽

Alexander John

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Female Gender ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Common Source ◽

Childhood Immunization ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽

Polio Vaccination ◽

Gender Of Child

Background: Vaccines have been claimed to be one of the most important contributions for the relief of human misery and the spectacular increase in life expectancy. Worldwide, an estimated 1.4 million children under the age of five died in 2010 due to vaccine preventable diseases. Objective of the study was to determine the immunization perception and practice regarding immunization among mothers of children from 1-5 years in Paravur taluk, Ernakulam district.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among the mothers of children from 1-5 years of age in Kunnukara panchayat. The panchayat has 15 wards. 3 wards were chosen by simple random sampling. All the houses having mothers of children from one to five years were surveyed. The data collected was entered in MS excel and analysed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 20 software.Results: Mean age of mothers is 29. The most common source of information regarding vaccination was obtained through health workers (80.3%). 72% mothers knew that OPV prevents polio and 53.6% mothers knew about the frequency of giving polio vaccination to their children. Ninety two percent mothers agreed that vaccines prevent the diseases. 100% mothers have given immunization to their children.Conclusions: Perception regarding vaccination was 95.2% and practice of immunization was 92.3%. There was a statistically significant association between (female gender of child v/s practice of immunization) and (perceptions regarding vaccination v/s practice of immunization).

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The Relationship of Lifestyle with Hypertension Incidence in Antang Public Health Center of Makassar City

Health Sciences ◽

10.15342/hs.2020.254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

Author(s):

Agussalim

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Health Center ◽

Health Workers ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Center ◽

The Relationship

Hypertension is a disease that usually occurs in the circulatory system which can cause an increase in blood pressure above the normal value, which exceeds 140/90 mmHg. The intention of this study aims to understand the relationship between lifestyle and the incidence of hypertension in Antang Makassar Public Health Center in 2018. This research method uses quantitative analytic motives using a cross sectional approach with a population of 46 people and a sample of 36 respondents. This research was conducted on July 14-16 June. The method used is simple random sampling and the tool used to obtain data is a questionnaire. The scale used is Liker and Guttmann scale with univariate, bivariate analysis and chi-square test with significant a = 0, 05. The results of this study indicate there is a relationship between lifestyle and the incidence of hypertension in the Makassar Antang Health Center with P = 0, 01 smaller than the value of a = 0.05. Suggestions are for hypertensive patients, namely the need to check their health routinely to health workers in order to know the development of blood pressure and obtain information from health workers.

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Stunting dan Faktor Ibu

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.24929/jik.v6i1.1498 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Aulia Aulia ◽

Dian Ika Puspitasari ◽

Nailiy Huzaimah ◽

Yulia Wardita ◽

Aldi Prawira Sandi

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Data Collection ◽

Health Center ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Health Workers ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Maternal Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Stunting and Maternal Factors. Stunting is still one of the unresolved priority issues. Maternal factors greatly influence the incidence of stunting in children. This study explains the relationship between stunting and maternal factors, namely education, knowledge of nutrition, parenting patterns, and mother's motivation. This qualitative research is a type of correlational analytic research with the cross-sectional method. The subjects of this study were stunting mothers and toddlers at Dungkek Health Center (n=40), obtained using simple random sampling. Data collection using questionnaires and met lines. Data were analyzed using a contingency correlation test. The results showed a relationship between stunting in children with education, nutritional knowledge, and self-efficacy (p= 0.001; p= 0.033; p= 0.01). Edit was not related to parenting (p = 0.866). Health workers need to pay attention to maternal factors as the target of promotive and preventive activities in stunting cases because maternal factors make an important contribution in the first 1000 days of life, preventing stunting.

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HUBUNGAN STRATEGI COPING DENGAN KECEMASAN MENGHADAPI PERSALINAN PADA IBU HAMIL PRE EKLAMPSIA BERAT DI RSUD SYARIFAH AMBAMI RATO EBHU BANGKALAN

JURNAL ILMIAH OBSGIN : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kebidanan & Kandungan P-ISSN : 1979-3340 e-ISSN : 2685-7987 ◽

10.36089/job.v1i2.114 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 56-61

Author(s):

Nailufar Firdaus

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Health Workers ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Tabulation ◽

The Relationship

Anxiety is something that afflicts almost everyone at a certain time in his life. Anxiety is a normal reaction to a situation that is very pressing for one's life. Anxiety can arise alone or join with other symptoms of various emotional disorders (Savitri Ramaiah, 2003: 10). Based on the results of the preliminary study, it is known that there are still mothers who experience anxiety about facing labor in PEB pregnant women, which is 29%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between coping strategies and the anxiety of facing labor in PEB pregnant women at Syarifah Ambami Hospital Rato Ebhu Bangkalan. This research method is Analytical, while the research design uses cross sectional. Independent variables are coping strategies, and the dependent variable is anxiety. Population, namely all pregnant women with PEB as many as 33 pregnant women with an average of each month. Samples taken as many as 30 pregnant women with simple random sampling technique. Data collection using questionnaires and HARS scale were processed using cross tabulation and lambda statistical tests. From the results of the study, almost half of 45.8% of PEB pregnant women with mild anxiety with adaptive coping strategies were obtained. Based on the lambda statistical test, get pValue = 0.045 and a = 0.05. Thus the results obtained p = 0.045 <a = 0.05, which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, namely there is a significant relationship between Coping and Anxiety Strategy in Facing Labor in PEB Pregnant Women at Syarifah Ambami Hospital Rato Ebhu Bangkalan. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for midwives that a high-risk pregnant woman also has excessive anxiety that can affect the delivery process. By doing so, health workers should be able to provide detailed information to pregnant women about the high risks they experience.

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The Effect of Side Effects Tuberculosis Treatment in the Early Stage Towards Compliance with Tuberculosis Patients

Health Notions ◽

10.33846/hn50106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Joko Sapto Pramono ◽

Nilam Noorma ◽

Andi Lis Arming Gandini ◽

Sopia Fitriani

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Health Workers ◽

Early Stage ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Early Stages ◽

Significant Difference

Pulmonary tuberculosis treatment causes various side effects including nausea and vomiting, itching, vision problems, and anemia. Drug side effects in the early stages are one of the causes of non-adherence to complete treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the side effects Tuberculosis treatment in the early stages on treatment compliance for tuberculosis patients. This study used a cross sectional design. Samples were taken as many as 71 respondents, the instruments used were side effects of early-stage tuberculosis treatment and compliance with tuberculosis treatment in tuberculosis patients from the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). The results of the study found 97.7% adherent and 2.3% non-adherent, 39.5% mild side effects and 60.5% severe side effects. Chi-square test showed that no significant difference between the side effects of TB treatment in the early stages of tuberculosis treatment compliance in patients p = 0.669 at significant level of 95% (α = 0.05). There was no effect between the side effects of Tuberculosis treatment in the early stages of treatment compliance for Tuberculosis patients. It was recommended that health workers continue to monitor the side effects of tuberculosis treatment and provide motivation to carry out treatment completely. Keywords: side effects; early stage; treatment; pulmonary tuberculosis; compliance

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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in underserved communities of North Carolina

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0248542

Author(s):

Irene A. Doherty ◽

William Pilkington ◽

Laurin Brown ◽

Victoria Billings ◽

Undi Hoffler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

The United States ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Underserved Communities ◽

Safety Concerns

Background In the United States, underserved communities including Blacks and Latinx are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, describe attitudes related to vaccination, and identify correlates among historically marginalized populations across 9 counties in North Carolina. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey distributed at free COVID-19 testing events in underserved rural and urban communities from August 27 –December 15, 2020. Vaccine hesitancy was defined as the response of “no” or “don’t know/not sure” to whether the participant would get the COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it became available. Results The sample comprised 948 participants including 27.7% Whites, 59.6% Blacks, 12.7% Latinx, and 63% female. 32% earned <$20K annually, 60% owned a computer and ~80% had internet access at home. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 68.9% including 62.7%, 74%, and 59.5% among Whites, Blacks, and Latinx, respectively. Between September and December, the largest decline in vaccine hesitancy occurred among Whites (27.5 percentage points), followed by Latinx (17.6) and only 12.0 points among Blacks. 51.2% of respondents reported vaccine safety concerns, 23.7% wanted others to get vaccinated first, and 63.1% would trust health care providers about the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors associated with hesitancy in multivariable logistic regression included being female (OR = 1.90 95%CI [1.36, 2.64]), being Black (OR = 1.68 1.16, 2.45]), calendar month (OR = 0.76 [0.63, 0.92]), safety concerns (OR = 4.28 [3.06, 5.97]), and government distrust (OR = 3.57 [2.26, 5.63]). Conclusions This study engaged the community to directly reach underserved minority populations at highest risk of COVID-19 that permitted assessment of vaccine hesitancy (which was much higher than national estimates), driven in part by distrust, and safety concerns.

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