scholarly journals Decision Making and Agriculture: A Recent Review of Organic Farming

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (43) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ayala Durán ◽  
Daniela Garcez Wives
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Inferential Statistics

This paper presents a review of recent literature covering decision-making and organic farming. Given that this topic has not been widely researched, both the Science-Direct and SCIELO databases were used to search for studies within the 2005-2015 period. A total of eighteen documents were found and used for this paper. Special attention has been given to the methodology used in the studies separating them between general analysis and descriptive statistics in one hand and inferential statistics /mathematical methods in the other. The paper concludes with a few considerations that may be useful to promote organic farming studies involving decision-making.

Comparing the Magnitude of Effects in Anova Designs

1981 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Ronis
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Independent Variable

It is often interesting to compare the size of treatment effects in analysis of variance designs. Many researchers, however, draw the conclusion that one independent variable has more impact than another without testing the null hypothesis that their impact is equal. Most often, investigators compute the proportion of variance each factor accounts for and infer population characteristics from these values. Because such analyses are based on descriptive rather than inferential statistics, they never justify the conclusion that one factor has more impact than the other. This paper presents a novel technique for testing the relative magnitude of effects. It is recommended that researchers interested in comparing effect sizes apply this technique rather than basing their conclusions solely on descriptive statistics.

scholarly journals Geld als Fiktion?

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (179) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiner Ganßmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Credit System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Commodity Money ◽  
Natural Base

Starting from frequent characterizations of modern money as a fiction, the text discusses the theoretical background of the idea that money once was something „real“ whereas now it amounts to no more than a fiction. The distinction has its roots in the conviction that only commodity money was (or is) something „real“, whereas credit money is held to be fictitious money. However, both forms of money are social constructions, one operating with a „natural“ base in the form of precious metals, the other in the context of a politically managed credit system with the central bank as the lead institution. The problem with the latter is that it is not well understood, as the article demonstrates by going through Keynes understanding of money in his Treatise and some of the recent literature. Another recently popular theoretical remedy to enlighten the public about the money it uses has been to declare that all money is credit. However this is a simplification that threatens to undermine the project of improving the general understanding of money as a prerequisite for more democratic decision-making in the wake of the financial and the Euro crises. The fiction concerning money that remains is that there can be such a thing as a monetary invariant.

Understanding Power-Sharing within Political Parties: Stratarchy as Mutual Interdependence between the Party in the Centre and the Party on the Ground

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Cross
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
Leadership Selection ◽  
Shared Authority

Recent literature has renewed interest in the stratarchical model of intraparty decision-making. In this version of party organization, the functions performed by parties are distributed among their discrete levels. The result is a power-sharing arrangement in which no group has control over all aspects of party life. Thus, the model potentially provides an antidote to the hierarchical version of organization. This article examines the principal parties in Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand to test whether there is empirical evidence of stratarchy. An examination of candidate nomination, leadership selection and policy development finds strong evidence of shared authority between both levels of the party in key areas of intraparty democracy. Both levels accept that they cannot achieve their goals without the support of the other and so a fine balancing act ensues, resulting in constant recalibration of power relations. There is, however, little evidence of the commonly presented model of stratarchy as mutual autonomy for each level within discrete areas of competency. Instead, both the party on the ground and in the centre share authority within all three areas, resulting in a pattern of mutual interdependence rather than mutual autonomy.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FUTURE MARKET IN INDONESIAN CONTEXT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Surya Kalavathi ◽  
Lenin Kanagasabai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Series Models ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Breaking Points ◽  
Forecasting Errors

For decision making, sugar basic identification can be used as a strategic tool. In this study, accessible forecast using ARMA (p,q) time series models comparing Indonesian sugar spot and ICE future markets. The study identified that in two cities of Indonesia, there exist synchronous high and low primary movement, and volatility with correlation coefficient of 0.70, showing positive higher magnitude, and descriptive statistics. The result shows that in the selected two cities, Jakarta showed higher compare to the other city. Comparing forecasting errors between ARMA (p,q) and SARMAX (p,q) models, the monthly sugar basis model for Bande Aache is SARMAX (1,0). For Jakarta, the forecasted model is ARMA (2,0). Additionally, the Bande Aache sugar basis breakpoint month is 2008M09 and for Bande Aache, breakpoint month is 2011M11. A closer analysis suggests that the breaking points coinciding with the identifiable sugar basis level and the volatility trends in the examined period. Both forecasted models are easier and implementable and can provide informational input for efficient allocative decisions by the Indonesian sugar supply chain.

A Bird in the Hand Isn’t Good for Long

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Simon Frisch ◽  
Maja Dshemuchadse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.

Mental Contrasting of Future and Reality

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Oettingen ◽  
Doris Mayer ◽  
Babette Brinkmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metacognitive Strategy ◽  
Mental Contrasting ◽  
Low Expectations

Mental contrasting of a desired future with present reality leads to expectancy-dependent goal commitments, whereas focusing on the desired future only makes people commit to goals regardless of their high or low expectations for success. In the present brief intervention we randomly assigned middle-level managers (N = 52) to two conditions. Participants in one condition were taught to use mental contrasting regarding their everyday concerns, while participants in the other condition were taught to indulge. Two weeks later, participants in the mental-contrasting condition reported to have fared better in managing their time and decision making during everyday life than those in the indulging condition. By helping people to set expectancy-dependent goals, teaching the metacognitive strategy of mental contrasting can be a cost- and time-effective tool to help people manage the demands of their everyday life.

scholarly journals Cheating on exams: Investigating Reasons, Attitudes, and the Role of Demographic Variables

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110041
Author(s):  
Mohammad Salehi ◽  
Samaneh Gholampour
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Achievement Scores ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Cheating Behavior ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
Iranian Context ◽  
Relationship Of

Cheating is an academically dishonest behavior about which there has been a thrust of research. However, it has not been extensively researched in an Iranian context. Therefore, the current study was conducted with 310 Iranian students. A cheating questionnaire was devised and administered to the participants. Certain demographic variables were investigated. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the obtained data. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that cheating was common among participants, and most students did not harbor any negative attitude toward cheating or at least were neutral about it. The most common method of cheating was “letting others look at their papers while taking exams.” The most common reason for cheating was “not being ready for the exam.” As for inferential statistics, one-way analysis of variance, an independent t-test, and correlational analyses were used to test the effect and relationship of demographic variables on and between the cheating behaviors of the participants. It was found that none of the two demographic variables of gender and year level had any effect on students’ cheating behaviors. Furthermore, achievement scores and age were not significantly correlated with cheating behavior scores.

Cytotoxicity of an Experimental Light-Cured Orthodontic Adhesive

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Kanin Nimcharoensuk ◽  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Vanthana Sattabanasuk ◽  
Panya Sunintaboon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
L929 Cell ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Monomer Ratio ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
L929 Cell Line

The objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of a domestically-made light-cured orthodontic adhesive to a commercial adhesive, Transbond XT (3M Unitek, USA). An in-house orthodontic adhesive composed of a filler 60-70 weight % and a monomer ratio (BisGMA:TEGDMA) of 6:4 with 0.5% of photoinitiator was mixed. The potential cytotoxic effect of this experimental and a control adhesive was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay according to ISO 10993-5: 2009(E). The L929 cell line was grown in 96-well tissue culture plates (1x105 cells/mm3). Thin cured-resin discs of each material weighing 0.4 gram were prepared and incubated for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 30 days in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) at 37°C and 95% humidity with 5% CO2. The percentage of cell viability was reported by descriptive statistics. The result showed that the cell viability of the experimental adhesive was higher than Transbond XT in all measured periods. The cytotoxicity of both the adhesives gradually decreased with the progression of time. In conclusion, the in-house adhesive showed a good biocompatibility since the first day following polymerization. On the other hand, Transbond XT started with a cytotoxic potential, then, turned to be non-cytotoxic after 5 days of curing.

Naturalistic Decision Making in High Performance Team Sport Coaching

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Harvey ◽  
John William Baird Lyle ◽  
Bob Muir
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Stimulated Recall ◽  
Suitable Framework ◽  
And Training

A defining element of coaching expertise is characterised by the coach’s ability to make decisions. Recent literature has explored the potential of Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) as a useful framework for research into coaches’ in situ decision making behaviour. The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether the NDM paradigm offered a valid mechanism for exploring three high performance coaches’ decision-making behaviour in competition and training settings. The approach comprised three phases: 1) existing literature was synthesised to develop a conceptual framework of decision-making cues to guide and shape the exploration of empirical data; 2) data were generated from stimulated recall procedures to populate the framework; 3) existing theory was combined with empirical evidence to generate a set of concepts that offer explanations for the coaches’ decision-making behaviour. Findings revealed that NDM offered a suitable framework to apply to coaches’ decision-making behaviour. This behaviour was guided by the emergence of a slow, interactive script that evolves through a process of pattern recognition and/or problem framing. This revealed ‘key attractors’ that formed the initial catalyst and the potential necessity for the coach to make a decision through the breaching of a ‘threshold’. These were the critical factors for coaches’ interventions.

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