scholarly journals URBAN PRIMACY IN URBAN SYSTEM OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ITS CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Seyed J. Faraji ◽  
◽  
Zhang Qingping ◽  
Saman Valinoori ◽  
Mohamad Komijani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Urban Primacy ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Different Dimensions

In the current world, cities have become the main arms of the actuator in the movement of social system of human communities. Nevertheless, urban systems in developing countries, despite the vast potentials, are faced with serious problems such as rapid urbanization, constant migration of rural people to cities, and concentration of population and activities in one or two cities, or, in other words, urban macrocephaly. Despite the primacy or dominance of one city in some developed countries, we do not observe clear negative features of urban primacy; on the other hand, although it is not evident in all countries of the developing world, there are evident features of urban systems in most of these countries. This paper aims to identify and understand the formation of the phenomenon of urban primacy in developing countries. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical and is based on document studies and the results of different urban projects in different area of the developing world and it is responding to these questions about the background and causes of the formation of urban primacy in these countries and its consequences of this phenomenon which led this conclusion that this phenomenon should be analyzed from different dimensions of economic, social, cultural, historical, and political and lastly its causes and consequences should be observed with regard to these dimensions.

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHAMITRA CHOUDHURY ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

<p>The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.</p>

Using Information Technology to Spread Awareness about Communicable Diseases

2016 ◽  
pp. 543-559
Author(s):  
Twiesha Vachhrajani ◽  
Lavanya Rao ◽  
H. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Average ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Over Time

Over time, changes in lifestyles, surroundings, and presence of parasites in the developed and developing world has resulted in new strains of various communicable diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, etc. Even though the global average of diseases may be quite low, the concentration in certain countries is much higher. In developed countries, information technology has proved to be an indispensable tool to spread awareness regarding these communicable diseases; however, most developing countries lack the infrastructure needed to use these same resources to educate people about the prevention, symptoms, and treatment available. This chapter makes the following contributions: first, it outlines some of the critical challenges regarding the spread of communicable diseases. It then identifies and summarizes the various information systems strategies used in developed and developing countries. The conclusion ties these together and offers suggestions to further curb the spread of communicable diseases in developing countries.

scholarly journals Day Case Surgery: The Way Forward for Elective Surgery in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Richard Wismayer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Day Case Surgery ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Case Surgery

The established principle of ambulating surgical patients as early as possible lies behind the concept of day case surgery currently being practised worldwide. There is a lag in day surgery practise between the developed and the developing world. In the last decades, freestanding and autonomous day surgery units have been established in the developed world however the developing world still tends to practise hospital based day case surgery. This article reviews the evolution, organization and infrastructure for day case surgery and evaluates this practise in developing countries. There is increasing need to develop the potential and relevance of day case surgery in developing countries which may result in substantial economic benefits. The health sectors in developing countries are coping with scarce resources and therefore day case surgery is an economically better option providing more advantages to patients as well as stakeholders. Surgical societies in developing countries should work closely with the Associations of Surgery in developed countries to establish infrastructure and guidelines to promote day case surgery in developing countries in East Africa.

The need for anti-corruption policies in developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Brody ◽  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Angela N. Ekofo ◽  
Kehinde Mayokun Ogunade
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Policies

Purpose In this study, the authors examine the issue of corruption in the government institutions of developing countries. Additionally, this study aims to answer the following research question: How do developing countries implement and enforce these anti-corruption policies? Specifically, the authors look at the laws adopted in different developing countries to deal with issues related to corruption. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the qualitative approach to examine the causes of recent corruption among government officials in developing countries such as Nigeria, India, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. A comparative approach was used to compare and contrast the anti-corruption practices of developing and developed countries. Findings The findings indicate that corruption is rampant in much of the developing world. On a positive note, the authors have found evidence of actions taken by governments in these developing economies to rapidly deal with issues of corruption. All the countries analyzed in this paper have developed anti-corruption policies and related acts to detect and punish the perpetrators of corruption. Originality/value This paper provides a greater insight as to how the anti-corruption policies are formulated and enforced in the developing world. Specifically, the authors provide examples of different emerging countries and their approaches to developing and enforcing anti-corruption policies. This guidance can help others around the world to deal with anti-corruption policies in their countries. Although the authors have learned a lot about the detrimental effects of corruption and laws enacted to combat it, the next step is to examine the processes used by the developing countries to develop these anti-corruption laws and policies.

scholarly journals International Intellectual Property Agreements as Agents of Sustainable Development of Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bethel Uzoma Ihugba ◽  
Ikenna Stanley Onyesi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Status

The paper examines the implication of International Intellectual Property (ip) laws and agreements on the sustainable development of Least Developed Countries (ldcs) and Developed Countries (dcs) and suggests approaches for improving the development and wellbeing of people in the developing world through national ip laws. The paper argues that generally international ip agreements may appear biased against developing countries and most dcs are reluctant to challenge the status quo and/or use the flexibilities of the international ip agreement to promote the wellbeing of their citizens. However, the article finds that ldcs and dcs could change this trend through the creative use of national ip laws and international agreements to promote the sustainable development of ldcs and dcs. The major instrument suggested for this shift in approach is the establishment of national ip administration institutions and the positive use of compulsory licences.

Technology and the Urban Future in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 253-281
Author(s):  
Antar A. AbouKorin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural Urbanization ◽  
Decentralization Policy ◽  
Urban Problems

During the last century, population growth and rapid urbanization have been phenomenal in the developing world. Such rapid urbanization has created many urban problems on both local and regional levels. Technology has been a driving force for rapid urbanization in developed and developing countries. The main argument of this Chapter is that technology can be the answer to most of the urban problems associated with rapid urbanization in developing countries. In tackling this issue, a qualitative analysis of the literature review about technology and urban change, and a quantitative analysis of urban change patterns and challenges in Africa, as a group sample of the developing world, have been conducted. Then, the research recommends “Urban Decentralization” as a technology-enabled policy necessary for managing the urban future in developing countries. The research recommends “rural urbanization” and “small-size settlements' as necessary approaches for the efficient implementation of the proposed “Urban Decentralization” policy.

The Promise of Open Source Systems/Software in Developing Requisite E-Government Solutions for the Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Tella ◽  
Adetayo O. Tella
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open System ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations

E-Government open source system is now becoming commonplace. The e-Government open system requires at each review stage the relevant official input, the date, and the time when each application is processed. Free access to the status of an application makes applicants realize that there is no need to contact officials or to provide a bribe to complete the process. No doubt, e-Government open system is a very useful system currently being used by a majority of governments in developing world countries. However, extant review of literature has shown that some developing countries governments are now also making frantic effort to implement the open system although the practice seems to have gone farther in developed nations. In light of this, this chapter discusses e-Government open source system in developing countries and compares this to what is happening in the developed countries, examines the role OSS/SF has played in developing e-Government solutions or applications in the developing world, identifies the benefits and challenges of OSS/SF in the developing countries' context, and discusses possible ways forward. The chapter posits that open source plays a significant role in designing e-Government applications.

CHALLENGES HINDERING THE ATTAINMENT OF SMART CITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Aghimien ◽  
Clinton Aigbavboa ◽  
Wellington Thwala ◽  
Ifije Ohiomah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Paper Form ◽  
Average Individual

The concept of smart cities has become a buzzword in most developing countries. Most professionals within developing countries are quick to adopt this idea in their every day discuss on developing the state of their nation, without actually considering what this concept means to the average individual on the streets. Even lesser consideration is given to the readiness of these developing nations in terms of adopting the concept of smart cities. It is based on this notion that this study, through the review of existing studies, assessed the readiness of cities in Nigeria in adopting the concepts needed for achieving smart cities. The study gives an insight on the challenges impeding the attainment of city smartness in the country. It was observed that solving the problems caused by rapid urbanization within cities is the first step towards making these cities "smart ready". Therefore, if cities in Nigeria are to attain city smartness, first looking inward and solving the endemic problems within these countries is necessary before adopting concepts of smart cities that have been mastered in developed countries. Although the submissions of this paper form part of a much larger ongoing study, it contributes to the body of knowledge as it brings to light the challenges that must be solved if cities in Nigeria are to ever become smart.

scholarly journals Can It Be Both Economically and Morally Rewarding to Invest in Developing Countries?

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1850035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Responsible Investment ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Case ◽  
Development Objectives

This paper argues that investing in developing countries can be both economically and morally very rewarding. It firstly shows that historically capital invested in developing countries has obtained higher returns than invested in developed countries. It secondly argues that there is also a moral case for investing in developing countries. It would accelerate economic development in the poorer areas of the world, thereby promoting global development. It finally suggests that the socially responsible investment (SRI)initiative could be broadened to incorporate development objectives more explicitly, thereby serving as a conduit to more investment to the developing world.

scholarly journals Strategies for Establishing Astronomy in Developing Countries

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-889
Author(s):  
Mazlan Othman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Economic

Developing countries have their own particular political, economic and cultural circumstances. There are, therefore, no unique solutions. However there are some factors which are common to all or most of them, namely the lack of human and financial resources and in most cases an absence of a political commitment to the advancement of science. Such situations are in a sense not peculiar to developing nations because in some developed countries astronomy has a ‘developing’ status. Even in countries where astronomy is well established, the commitment and allocations required to maintain the status quo need to be continuously addressed. Hence strategies for fighting this “constant battle” are relevant to all astronomers of the world, while being especially vital to those in the developing world.

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