scholarly journals Specifics of Milk and Plant-based Milk-like Products Coagulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Алексей Осинцев ◽  
Aleksey Osintsev ◽  
Владимир Брагинский ◽  
Vladimir Braginskiy ◽  
Виталий Рынк ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Milk Coagulation ◽  
Colloid Systems

Milk coagulation is one of the most important technological operations in the production of many dairy products, such as cheeses or yogurt. Recently, there has been a surge of interest for plant-based milk substitutes. Besides, under certain conditions, milk-like colloid systems are able to form curds. This quality makes it possible to obtain cheese-like and yoghurt-like products. This makes the issue of coagulation mechanisms in milk-like systems even more relevant. The authors conducted a review of the main physicochemical properties of milk and milk-like systems and proposed a model that describes the colloidal stability of cow milk proteins and plant proteins of milk-like systems. In both cases, it was the electric charge that provided colloidal stability of the systems. The charge was caused by dissociation of some functional groups of protein complexes. The authors believe that phosphorus-containing organic compounds help to maintain the colloidal stability of milk and plant-based milk-like systems. This explains the important role of calcium and magnesium in the coagulation of milk and plant-based milk-like systems. The paper describes the mechanism of rennet, acid, and acid-rennet milk coagulation. It contains an explanation for the coagulation of plant-based milk analogues under the action of acid and solutions of calcium and magnesium salts. The authors propose a hypothesis that explains the temperature dependence of the coagulation in milk and milk-like systems.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cow-Milk Protein Supplementation in Elderly Population: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2548
Author(s):  
Barbara Zanini ◽  
Anna Simonetto ◽  
Matilde Zubani ◽  
Maurizio Castellano ◽  
Gianni Gilioli
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

Background. To review currently available evidence on the effect of cow-milk proteins supplementation (CPS) on health in the elderly. Methods. Five electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched for studies about CPS among older people. All types of publications were included, with the exception of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, opinion letters, editorials, case reports, conference abstracts and comments. An additional search in Google Scholar and a manual review of the reference lists were performed. Results. Overall, 103 studies were included. Several studies explored the role of CPS in the preservation or improvement of muscle mass among healthy subjects (40 studies) and pre-frail, frail or sarcopenic patients (14), with evidence of beneficial effects. Other studies assessed the effect of CPS on bones (12), cardiovascular disease (8), inflamm-aging (7), chronic pulmonary disease (4), neurocognitive function (4), and vaccines (2), with weak evidence of positive effects. Seven studies in the field of protein metabolism investigated the role of CPS as an important contributor to nutritional needs. Other investigational areas are considered in the last five studies. Conclusions. The beneficial effects of CPS in achieving aged-related nutritional goals, in preserving muscle mass and in recovering after hospitalization may be particularly relevant in the elderly.

scholarly journals Contribution of cow milk proteins to the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
L. I. Shirina ◽  
V. K. Maso ◽  
V. V. Vysotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Insulin Dependent

In the last decade, data have appeared in the literature, obtained mainly by researchers from Canada and Finland, due to which a new direction has been outlined in the study of the mechanism of development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children. The results of these studies revealed the effect of cow's milk proteins (CMP), which were ingested by the child during the neonatal period, on the development of later IDDM, namely, the trigger (trigger) role of the antigenic structures of some CMPs in autoimmune damage to pancreatic p-cells in genetically predisposed individuals. Based on the obtained experimental and clinical data, it can be assumed that in order to prevent the development of IDDM in children with an increased risk of developing this disease who are on artificial or mixed feeding, it is advisable to use products based on CMP hydrolysates devoid of antigenic properties or soy proteins, similar to already known hypoallergenic mixtures. Targeted selection of newborns in need of specialized nutrition, in our opinion, is possible by conducting certain diagnostic tests aimed at identifying children with an increased risk of sensitization with CMP antigens.

scholarly journals The Role and Place of Partially Hydrolysed Protein Infant Formulas in the Nutrition of Full-term Children: Digestive Comfort and Allergy Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Nataliia B. Migacheva ◽  
Evgeniia M. Mukhametova ◽  
Evgeniia G. Makarova ◽  
Sergey E. Ukraintsev
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
High Prevalence

The continued increase in the number of allergic diseases and the high prevalence of digestive disturbances in infants explain the interest of pediatricians, allergists and gastroenterologists in the development and improvement of nutritional methods for the prevention and correction of these pathologies. This article discusses current ideas on the role of partially hydrolysed protein formulas in infants’ nutrition for recovery of most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, allergy primary prevention. Also, the article discusses formulas place in sequential nutrition therapy of food allergy. Descriptions of cow milk proteins molecular characteristics and its allergens properties are presented. Features of creation and production of partially hydrolysed protein formulas are described as well.

Role of kidney in maintaining calcium and magnesium homeostasis and its disorders (Part I)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-169
Author(s):  
Ja.F. Zverev ◽  
◽  
V.M. Bryukhanov ◽  
A.Ya. Rykunova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Homeostasis ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

scholarly journals Post translational modifications of milk proteins in geographically diverse goat breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Rout ◽  
M. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Dpp Iv

AbstractGoat milk is a source of nutrition in difficult areas and has lesser allerginicity than cow milk. It is leading in the area for nutraceutical formulation and drug development using goat mammary gland as a bioreactor. Post translational modifications of a protein regulate protein function, biological activity, stabilization and interactions. The protein variants of goat milk from 10 breeds were studied for the post translational modifications by combining highly sensitive 2DE and Q-Exactive LC-MS/MS. Here we observed high levels of post translational modifications in 201 peptides of 120 goat milk proteins. The phosphosites observed for CSN2, CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN3 were 11P, 13P, 17P and 6P, respectively in 105 casein phosphopeptides. Whey proteins BLG and LALBA showed 19 and 4 phosphosites respectively. Post translational modification was observed in 45 low abundant non-casein milk proteins mainly associated with signal transduction, immune system, developmental biology and metabolism pathways. Pasp is reported for the first time in 47 sites. The rare conserved peptide sequence of (SSSEE) was observed in αS1 and αS2 casein. The functional roles of identified phosphopeptides included anti-microbial, DPP-IV inhibitory, anti-inflammatory and ACE inhibitory. This is first report from tropics, investigating post translational modifications in casein and non-casein goat milk proteins and studies their interactions.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial microRNAs: A Putative Role in Tissue Regeneration

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Sílvia C. Rodrigues ◽  
Renato M. S. Cardoso ◽  
Filipe V. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteins ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Mitochondrial Ribosome

The most famous role of mitochondria is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, a metabolic pathway that involves a chain of four protein complexes (the electron transport chain, ETC) that generates a proton-motive force that in turn drives the ATP synthesis by the Complex V (ATP synthase). An impressive number of more than 1000 mitochondrial proteins have been discovered. Since mitochondrial proteins have a dual genetic origin, it is predicted that ~99% of these proteins are nuclear-encoded and are synthesized in the cytoplasmatic compartment, being further imported through mitochondrial membrane transporters. The lasting 1% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and synthesized by the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome). As a result, an appropriate regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis is absolutely required to achieve and maintain normal mitochondrial function. Regarding miRNAs in mitochondria, it is well-recognized nowadays that several cellular mechanisms involving mitochondria are regulated by many genetic players that originate from either nuclear- or mitochondrial-encoded small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs). Growing evidence collected from whole genome and transcriptome sequencing highlight the role of distinct members of this class, from short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Some of the mechanisms that have been shown to be modulated are the expression of mitochondrial proteins itself, as well as the more complex coordination of mitochondrial structure and dynamics with its function. We devote particular attention to the role of mitochondrial miRNAs and to their role in the modulation of several molecular processes that could ultimately contribute to tissue regeneration accomplishment.

scholarly journals Inflammasomes inMycobacterium tuberculosis-Driven Immunity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wawrocki ◽  
Magdalena Druszczynska
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Multimeric Protein

The development of effective innate and subsequent adaptive host immune responses is highly dependent on the production of proinflammatory cytokines that increase the activity of immune cells. The key role in this process is played by inflammasomes, multimeric protein complexes serving as a platform for caspase-1, an enzyme responsible for proteolytic cleavage of IL-1βand IL-18 precursors. Inflammasome activation, which triggers the multifaceted activity of these two proinflammatory cytokines, is a prerequisite for developing an efficient inflammatory response against pathogenicMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb). This review focuses on the role of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes inM.tb-driven immunity.

The Role of Calcium and Magnesium Ions in Uptake of β-Amyloid Peptides by Microglial Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Choucair ◽  
V. Laporte ◽  
R. Levy ◽  
C. Tranchant ◽  
J.-P. Gies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Amyloid Peptides ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions

On the role of surface composition and curvature on biointerface formation and colloidal stability of nanoparticles in a protein-rich model system

2013 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Orts-Gil ◽  
Kishore Natte ◽  
Raphael Thiermann ◽  
Matthias Girod ◽  
Steffi Rades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Model System ◽  
Protein Rich

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Soya Oil ◽  
Severe Eczema ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Allergic Manifestations

MANAGEMENT of the allergic infant often includes extensive dietary restriction in addition to avoidance of milk. A milkfree formula may thus become a major or even sole source of most essential nutrients for many months. Furthermore, the occasional coexistence of anorexia and intercurrent infection in children with allergic manifestations, and losses of proteinthrough the skin of patients with severe eczema, makes adequacy of diet a major concern of the physician caring for such patients. Published reports of deficiency diseases developing in infants receiving various milk-free formulas indicate the importance of an awareness of composition and nutritional properties of these diets. Deficiencies of vitamin A and thiamine, have occurred in infants receiving milk-free formulas not fortified with vitamins, and goiter due to iodine deficiency (or increased iodine requirement) has been reported to occur in infants receiving a soya bean formula unsupplemented with iodine. The present report provides information regarding composition and nutritional adequacy of certain infant formulas commonly employed as cow milk substitutes. SOYA BEAN PRODUCTS Composition Information on the composition of the most frequently used commercial preparations is given in Table I. Soyalac: Liquid and powder products are prepared from an aqueous extrat of whole soya beans to which has been added soya oil, sucrose, dextrose, dextrins, maltose, and iodised sodium chloride, When diluted with water to supply 67 cal/100 ml (20 cal/oz). Soyalac liquid supplies 2.05 gm of protein/100 ml, the least protein content of commercially available soya bean formulas. Formulas of Soyalac Powder with the same caloric strength provide 2.85 gm of protein/100 ml and differ in other important respects from Soyalac liquid (Table I).

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