scholarly journals Specific Temporal Localization of Situations in Future Tense in the Khakas Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1097
Author(s):  
K. V. Kicheeva
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Temporal Form ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Adverbial Modifiers ◽  
Temporal Localization ◽  
Verb Tense

The present research featured the cases of future tense with specific time localization in the Khakas language. The study was based on functional grammar, which sees time localization as a functional semantic field that includes categorical situations of time localization (specific) or non-localization (non-specific). A functional analysis made it possible to define the following means of expressing specific time localization: a verb form of future tense with -ар (-ar); adverbial modifiers of time and other time markers in local cases in conjunction with postpositives and auxiliaries; temporal adverbs and clauses with transforms -за (-za), -ғанҷа (-gancha), -(ба)ғанда (-(ba)ganda). The author classified the situations based on typical specifiers. The classification contains eight situations with several sub-types. The research can be used to describe types of past and present tense with specific time localization in the Khakas language, as well as in other Turkic and non-Turkic languages. Some of the specifiers proved to be able to express different meanings depending on the combination with the present, past, or future verb tense. The compatibility of specific temporal form of the Khakas language with some specifiers requires further research.

scholarly journals A Lexical-Functional Analysis of Predicate Topicalization in German

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Webelhuth ◽  
Farrell Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Original Formulation ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Lexical Functional Grammar ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Similarities And Differences

In this paper we examine the topicalization paradigm for ten different verbal constructions in German. We argue that a uniform explanation for the observed behaviors follows from the interpretation of the relevant expressions as (parts of) lexical representations. To this end we motivate a revision of Functional Uncertainty as proposed in Kaplan and Zaenen 1989 to account for filler/gap relations in long-distance dependencies. We assume with the original formulation of this principle that topicalized elements share values with the (grammatical) function status of an entity an indeterminate distance away. We appeal to the inventory of functions posited within LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR (LFG), inclusive of the frequently neglected PREDICATE function, which, we argue, is associated with both simple and complex predicates. In addition we show that topicalization, given this function-based proposal, should not be limited to maximal categories. We argue that the need to posit a PREDICATE function for German topicalization is supported by an independent line of research within LFG concerning the analysis of complex predicates. For this purpose we employ the proposals of T. Mohanan (1990/1994), which argue for the independence of the construct PREDICATE from its categorial realization. We show that this type of proposal extends to provide a uniform account of the German topicalization paradigm. This permits us to explain the similarities and differences in the behaviors of various sorts of predicators as well as certain idiomatic expressions interpreted as complex predicates.

scholarly journals Simple Sentence Information Structure in Teleut: Problem Statement

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
D. M. Tokmashev
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
The Core ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Involved Field

The present research featured the main approaches to the study of the information structure of a simple sentence, as well as their application to the Turkic languages. The paper focuses on the case of the Teleut language. The research objective was to identify and characterize various types of information structure of a simple sentence in their relationship with formalgrammatical and prosodic characteristics. The study involved field, comparative-historical, and descriptive methods, structural and component analysis, methods of modeling semantics and visualization of spectrograms. The information structure of a simple sentence can be modeled as the corresponding functional-semantic field. In Teleut, it is represented mostly by syntagm order and intonation, which make the core of information structure management. The peripheral means are represented by lexemes, particles, and affixes. Syntactically, information structure is expressed by the phrase order. Narrative sentences are characterized by the decrease of the fundamental frequency of the phrase that makes up the focal part. Pragmatically neutral narrative sentences that do not have presuppositions are characterized by a progressive arrangement of topical and focal elements with a predicate in the terminal right position. Since topics and foci are shifter categories, syntax inversions with preservation of the progressive information packaging "topic > focus" are possible, as well as inversion of its components "focus < topic" while retaining the phrase order. The inversion of both linear (syntagms) and non-linear (topics and foci) elements of the sentence is due to various presuppositions. The lexical and grammatical means of information packaging management are on the periphery of the functional-semantic field. Their potential to control the information structure is combined with their other functions, namely the expression of aspectual, modal, evidential, definiteness, and other characteristics. Most Turkic languages share the means of information packaging management.

scholarly journals Functional and Semantic Attribution of the Future Tense Grammatical Markers in The Korean Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-624
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Mamontov ◽  
Alexandra G. Stolyarova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Oriented Approach

The article discusses functional and semantic status of Future Tense grammatical markers of the Korean language. Despite the fact that discussions on this issue have been going on for more than a dozen years, still among researchers, there is no consensus on how many grammemes make up the category of Tense in Korean, whether it contains an independent Future Tense grammeme, and if so, which markers should be relevant to it. Due to the relevance of the problem, the authors aim to give a brief overview of the opinions on the issue, dividing them into two groups - asserting the presence of the Future Tense grammeme in Korean or denying it, as well as to justify personal position on the status of grammatical markers with prospective semantics. As research material, various Korean grammar researches and Korean grammar (connective and finite endings and constructions with - (으)ㄹ Korean Future Tense participle marker) are used. The result of the study shows that Korean Tense category has no specific Future Tense forms as opposed to the Present and Past Tense forms. All markers with prospective semantics are modal, which means that the Futurum category in Korean implements itself in the functional and semantic field of modality rather than temporality. Authors argue statement that -(으)ㄹ 것이다 Korean construction has the ability to act as neutral non-modal Future Tense marker. According to the point of view of a systemically oriented approach to the grammatical units analysis, presented in the article, the conclusion about Korean -(으)ㄹ 것이다s modal status is made.

scholarly journals ANALYZE THE USE OF PROGRESSIVE VERB ON SPONGEBOB MOVIES SERIES

MIMESIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Elvan Adam Zhidqi ◽  
Lilia Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Future Tense ◽  
Verb Tense ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Progressive verb or continuous tense is a verb tense that uses to describe an action or activity that still ongoing. This progressive verb can be in past, present, and future tense. This article inspects progressive verbs in SpongeBob SquarePants Movie Series. Descriptive qualitative is the method of this article. It analyzes the distribution of progressive verb on the movie series, and which one from the progressive verb form that most distribution in movie series.

scholarly journals ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИВЧЕННЯ СКЛАДНИХ СЕМАНТИЧНИХ КАТЕГОРІЙ

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
О. В. Глотова
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Single System ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Content Structure ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Methodological Foundation

The article deals with the problems of the theory of functional grammar, which occupy a central place in modern linguistics. Its topicality is determined by the priority tasks of modern syntax, having the purpose to find out a methodological foundation of the study of fundamental semantic categories with a complex formal-content structure, what can be achieved basing on functional approach. The objective is to focus on different views to studying such categories within the framework of functional analysis, and to find the possibility to analyze the means belonging to different language levels in a single system basing on the commonality of their semantic functions. There exist various means of expressing a definite semantic meaning both at the level of a composite sentence, and at the level of a simple sentence. An algorithm for the analysis of complex functional-semantic categories is proposed.

scholarly journals Representation of the functional-semantic field of futurality in the Victor Pelevins novel “Omon Ra”

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Gulzira Kuatova ◽  
Manat Musatayeva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Field ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Language System ◽  
Different Levels

In this article the authors consider realization of futural meaning in the artistic text – in Victor Pelevin’s novel “Omon Ra”. The futurality is treated as a functional-semantic field according to functional grammar in version of A. V. Bondarko. The authors consider several expression forms of futurality which represent the different levels of language system: morphological, lexical, lexical-syntactic, syntactic, and contextually caused. These forms are descripted in terms of their frequency in the postmodern text.

scholarly journals VERBAL MOOD AS A MEDIUM OF THE POLITENESS CATEGORY IN RUSSIAN AND PERSIAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
I. Zamani ◽  
J. N. Sheikhi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Verbal Mood ◽  
Different Levels

The article features verbal mood as one of the morphological means of expressing the category of politeness. The main attention in the study of the category of courtesy and the means of its expression is focused on the functional grammar and the functional-semantic field as one of its basic concepts. When teaching a foreign language (grammar in general or communicative grammar in particular), the main role should be assigned to the functional principle of teaching. The principle is based on systems of different levels that express this or that meaning of the categories in question. The category of inclination, being an intentional category, expresses the relation of action to reality established by the speaker. Much attention is given to the characteristic features of the imperative and subjunctive moods that make up the nearest periphery of the functional-semantic field of courtesy both in Russian and Persian. The research concentrates on the semantics of the forms of imperative and subjunctive moods as invariants of the politeness category and explores various speech acts expressing different degrees of politeness in both languages.

scholarly journals Processing of verb tense

Psihologija ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Kostic ◽  
Jelena Havelka
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Verb Tense

Processing of Serbian inflected verbs was investigated in two lexical decision experiments. In the first experiment subjects were presented with five forms of future tense, while in the second experiment the same verbs were presented in three forms of present and future tense. The outcome of the first experiment indicates that processing of inflected verb is determined by the amount of information derived from the average probability per congruent personal pronoun of a particular verb form. This implies that the cognitive system is not sensitive to verb person per se, nor to the gender of congruent personal pronoun. Results of the second experiment show that for verb forms of different tenses, presented in the same experiment, the amount of information has to be additionally modulated by tense probability. Such an outcome speaks in favor of cognitive relevance of verb tense.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL STUDIES IN RUSSIAN LINGUISTICS

2017 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
L. P. Murashova
Keyword(s):  
Functional Model ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Functional Syntax

Now in linguistics not enough attention is paid to functional researches. In this article systematization of functional linguistic researches in domestic linguistics is provided. In this article such major directions of a research as functional grammar, functional approach to interpretation of the text, functional syntax and functional stylistics are described. In this article the central concept of this sphere of a research is also described: the funktsinalno-semantic field (FSF), объективирующееся in categories and categorical situations. Besides, in work the following aspects are described: structure of the functional and semantic field on the example of the field of goodness united by a quality sign community including two nuclear centers - predicative and attributive; elements of the periphery of FSP; a possibility of communication between field elements; a possibility of various degree of expressiveness of components of the field depending on proximity to this or that kernel, and also a possibility of crossing of elements of different groups on the example of a komparativnost. The functional grammar represents the most important part of general functional model of language, but it is only one of elements of wider functional direction in linguistics.

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