Unauthorized groundwater use: institutional, social and ethical considerations

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia De Stefano ◽  
Elena Lopez-Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
Water Ethics ◽  
The Impact

In many areas of the world, particularly in arid regions or in areas experiencing population growth, there is increased competition over scarce water resources. This is likely to increase in the future due to continued population growth, urban expansion and the challenge of the impact of climate change on water resource availability. In this context, groundwater is likely to play a pivotal role in facing water scarcity. When different users share a common-pool resource, basic rules are usually established to manage access to the resource and ensure balance between demand and supply. Water authorities worldwide are increasingly paying added attention towards regulating the use of groundwater because of its strategic value, e.g. in times of drought or as a natural reserve. In the case of groundwater, although regulatory measures exist, they are often difficult to enforce. This paper explores the situation with a discussion of two aspects: first (and in line with this special issue on water ethics), an examination of the fundamental individual values that underpin behavior in relation to water use, and second, an investigation of the typologies of unauthorized water use, its main potential impacts, potential root causes and reflections on imperfect institutions and social norms.

Quantifying trends and predictors of decline in eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) populations in a rapidly urbanising landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Brunton ◽  
Sanjeev K. Srivastava ◽  
David S. Schoeman ◽  
Scott Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Human Population Growth ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
The Impact

Human population growth and the resultant expansion of urban landscapes are drivers of biodiversity loss globally. Impacts of urbanisation on wildlife are not well understood, although the importance of preserving biodiversity in urban areas is widely recognised. The eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), a common species of large macropod, can be found in high densities in many urban landscapes across Australia. South East Queensland is a subtropical region of Australia that has experienced high rates of urban expansion. Human population growth in the region has resulted in widespread changes to the landscape and much of the eastern grey kangaroo’s natural habitat has been modified. Declines in kangaroo populations have been anecdotally reported; however, the impact of urbanisation on kangaroo populations has not been quantified. This study used a modelling approach, collecting data from the community, and private and government organisations to: (1) map the current distribution of eastern grey kangaroos; (2) quantify trends in kangaroo abundance; and (3) identify anthropogenic drivers of changes in kangaroo abundance in the region. Of the kangaroo populations identified, 42% were reported to have undergone an overall decline in abundance since 2000. Higher human population growth rate and smaller area remaining under natural land use were predictors of kangaroo population declines. Further kangaroo declines can be anticipated in the region, particularly in areas with projected human population growth rates over 80% for the next decade. This study emphasises the importance of integrated urban development over large spatial extents to mitigate impacts of urbanisation on terrestrial mammals.

Understanding drivers and barriers: the key to water use behaviour change

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-688
Author(s):  
Michelle Graymore ◽  
Anne Wallis ◽  
Kevin O'Toole
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Common Barriers

In southwest Victoria, like many other regions in Australia, drought, climate change and population growth have exposed gaps in water supply. To develop effective demand management strategies for rural and regional areas, this paper investigates the drivers and barriers to water saving in southwest Victoria. Although the majority of people felt water saving was important, the drivers for water saving differed between different groups. Residential users were saving water for altruistic reasons, while for farmers the drivers were farm viability and productivity. Although the barriers differed between property types, common barriers included lack of understanding of the impact their water use has on supplies, lack of knowledge, the pricing system and distrust of the water authority. The findings provide information for effective demand management strategies for the region.

scholarly journals Studi Penghematan Air pada Sistem Plambing Air Bersih di Apartemen Menara Cibinong Tower Mahoni

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad Muhamad ◽  
Eka Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
West Java ◽  
The Impact

The Cibinong Tower Mahoni Tower Apartment located in Bogor Regency is a residential residence consisting of 21 floors. Apartment development is influenced by the need for housing which continues to increase along with the rate of population growth and limited land. The impact of apartment construction will affect the availability of clean water in the future due to an increase in the need for clean water. West Java Provincial Regulation Number 13 of 2013 concerning Buildings requires developers to carry out water efficiency. Referring to the regulation, this apartment implements water conservation based on the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) concept which aims to save water use. The research method used is the use of water-saving plumbing features which aims to find out how efficient the use of water is. Based on the results of the study, the population in the Cibinong Tower Mahoni Tower Apartment was 794 people with clean water needs of 67,366.68 l/day. The use of water-saving plumbing equipment can save water use by 6.01% or 4,060.71 l/day.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Air di Pesantren melalui Penerapan Sunnah Nabi dan Teknologi Terapan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-404
Author(s):  
Ariesman M
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
Public Behavior ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Impact

Water is a primary necessity for the process of life on earth, so there is no life if there is no water in the earth as Allah says "And out of the water we made all things alive". It is estimated that around 321 million Indonesians will experience water scarcity by 2025. Population growth is not proportional to water availability, industrial growth, and wasteful public behavior is the main cause. Pondok pesantren which has about 3,759,198 santri throughout Indonesia will be able to feel the impact if the pattern of water use is not in use sparingly. The application of the Sunnah of the Prophet sallallaahu alaihi wasallam and applied technology is very effective in saving water. The number of students as much as that by using the wudu 1 mud 'can save 8,693,145 liters and if in rupiah it is as much as Rp. 45.239.129.

Impact of LULC Changes on LST in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh: A Remote Sensing Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla Al Kafy ◽  
Abdullah Al-Faisal ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Md. Soumik Sikdar ◽  
Mohammad Hasib Hasan Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Lulc Changes ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization has been contributing more in global climate warming, with more than 50% of the population living in cities. Rapid population growth and change in land use / land cover (LULC) are closely linked. The transformation of LULC due to rapid urban expansion significantly affects the functions of biodiversity and ecosystems, as well as local and regional climates. Improper planning and uncontrolled management of LULC changes profoundly contribute to the rise of urban land surface temperature (LST). This study evaluates the impact of LULC changes on LST for 1997, 2007 and 2017 in the Rajshahi district (Bangladesh) using multi-temporal and multi-spectral Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 5 TM satellite data sets. The analysis of LULC changes exposed a remarkable increase in the built-up areas and a significant decrease in the vegetation and agricultural land. The built-up area was increased almost double in last 20 years in the study area. The distribution of changes in LST shows that built-up areas recorded the highest temperature followed by bare land, vegetation and agricultural land and water bodies. The LULC-LST profiles also revealed the highest temperature in built-up areas and the lowest temperature in water bodies. In the last 20 years, LST was increased about 13ºC. The study demonstrates decrease in vegetation cover and increase in non-evaporating surfaces with significantly increases the surface temperature in the study area. Remote-sensing techniques were found one of the suitable techniques for rapid analysis of urban expansions and to identify the impact of urbanization on LST.

Chinese brand–individual values congruity and willingness of consumers from other countries to use positive word of mouth

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Qing Fang ◽  
Zhenyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Brand Commitment ◽  
Positive Word ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Perceived Values ◽  
Word Of Mouth Communication ◽  
Positive Word Of Mouth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Congruity of brand and individual values is the degree of fit or similarity between consumers' personal values and the perceived values of a certain brand. In this study, we took Huawei as the test brand and investigated 525 consumers in 30 countries to examine whether congruity of brand and individual values influences consumer word-of-mouth communication in an international context. The results show that (a) brand commitment played a mediating role in the effect of brand–individual values congruity on word of mouth, (b) the consistency of a brand's practices and its values (brand behavior congruity) moderated the relationship between brand–individual values congruity and the consumers' brand commitment, and (c) brand behavior congruity moderated the mediating role of brand commitment in the relationship between values congruity and positive word of mouth. Our findings provide insight into the impact of values congruity for consumers.

scholarly journals Toward a Dualistic Growth? Population Increase and Land-Use Change in Rome, Italy

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianchini ◽  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Ahmed Alhuseen ◽  
Adele Sateriano ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Per Capita

The spatial mismatch between population growth and settlement expansion is at the base of current models of urban growth. Empirical evidence is increasingly required to inform planning measures promoting urban containment in the context of a stable (or declining) population. In these regards, per-capita indicators of land-use change can be adopted with the aim at evaluating long-term sustainability of urbanization processes. The present study assesses spatial variations in per-capita indicators of land-use change in Rome, Central Italy, at five years (1949, 1974, 1999, 2008, and 2016) with the final objective of quantifying the mismatch between urban expansion and population growth. Originally specialized in agricultural productions, Rome’s metropolitan area is a paradigmatic example of dispersed urban expansion in the Mediterranean basin. By considering multiple land-use dynamics, per-capita indicators of landscape change delineated three distinctive waves of growth corresponding with urbanization, suburbanization, and a more mixed stage with counter-urbanization and re-urbanization impulses. By reflecting different socioeconomic contexts on a local scale, urban fabric and forests were identified as the ‘winner’ classes, expanding homogeneously over time at the expense of cropland. Agricultural landscapes experienced a more heterogeneous trend with arable land and pastures declining systematically and more fragmented land classes (e.g., vineyards and olive groves) displaying stable (or slightly increasing) trends. The continuous reduction of per-capita surface area of cropland that’s supports a reduced production base, which is now insufficient to satisfy the rising demand for fresh food at the metropolitan scale, indicates the unsustainability of the current development in Rome and more generally in the whole Mediterranean basin, a region specialized traditionally in (proximity) agricultural productions.

scholarly journals Sources of and Control Measures for PTE Pollution in Soil at the Urban Fringe in Weinan, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Lei Han ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Shanshan Chang ◽  
Yonghua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
The Impact

The environment of the urban fringe is complex and frangible. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the urban fringe has become the primary space for urban expansion, and the intense human activities create a high risk of potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution in the soil. In this study, 138 surface soil samples were collected from a region undergoing rapid urbanization and construction—Weinan, China. Concentrations of As, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, ICP-MS) and Hg (Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, AFS) were measured. The Kriging interpolation method was used to create a visualization of the spatial distribution characteristics and to analyze the pollution sources of PTEs in the soil. The pollution status of PTEs in the soil was evaluated using the national environmental quality standards for soils in different types of land use. The results show that the content range of As fluctuated a small amount and the coefficient of variation is small and mainly comes from natural soil formation. The content of Cr, Cu, and Ni around the automobile repair factory, the prefabrication factory, and the building material factory increased due to the deposition of wear particles in the soil. A total of 13.99% of the land in the study area had Hg pollution, which was mainly distributed on category 1 development land and farmland. Chemical plants were the main pollution sources. The study area should strictly control the industrial pollution emissions, regulate the agricultural production, adjust the land use planning, and reduce the impact of pollution on human beings. Furthermore, we make targeted remediation suggestions for each specific land use type. These results are of theoretical significance, will be of practical value for the control of PTEs in soil, and will provide ecological environmental protection in the urban fringe throughout the urbanization process.

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