Applications of flat sheet ceramic membrane for surface water and seawater treatments – introduction of performance in large-scale drinking water plant and seawater pretreatment pilot system in Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Noguchi ◽  
M. H. Oo ◽  
T. Niwa ◽  
E. Fong ◽  
R. Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Quality Water

Abstract PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency, has been using polymeric UF membrane in drinking water plants to produce high quality water whilst requiring a smaller footprint. Submerged polymeric hollow-fiber membrane has been used since 2003 in Chestnut Avenue Water Works (CAWW). PUB decided to use submerged-type ceramic membranes for enhancement of production capacity at CAWW. The flat-sheet ceramic membrane system was retrofitted into two spare, empty tanks with a combined design capacity of 36,400 m3/d. The system has been successfully put into operation, running at a net flux of 160 L/m2-h (LMH) since June 2017. Membrane integrity testing is automatically carried out once a week to ensure the membranes' integrity. Stable filtrate quality has been achieved with a low turbidity of 0.018 NTU on average. Pretreatment for seawater desalination is another application in which a ceramic membrane system can be operated at higher flux compared to that for polymeric membranes. A pilot scale system was installed at PUB R&D facility in Tuas to investigate sustainable operating flux and permeate quality. FeCl3 was used as a coagulant before ceramic filtration, with a dosage of 4–6 mg/L. It was shown that sustainable flux can be 181–249 LMH in seawater treatment system with flat sheet ceramic membranes. The silt density index and turbidity of permeate were 1.6–2.2 and 0.04–0.10 NTU, respectively, which indicates that the system can produce high quality water for feed of reverse osmosis systems.

Design considerations for wastewater treatment by reverse osmosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Bartels ◽  
M. Wilf ◽  
K. Andes ◽  
J. Iong
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Water

Reverse Osmosis is finding increasing use for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters due to the growing demand for high quality water in large urban areas. The growing success of membranes in this application is related to improved process designs and improved membrane products. Key factors which have been determined to result in successful operation of large-scale plants will be discussed. Factors which play a key role in the use of RO membranes include ultra or microfiltration pretreatment, low fouling membranes, flux rate, recovery and control of fouling and scaling. In particular, high flux rates can be used when UF or MF pretreatment is used. These technologies remove most of the suspended particles that would normally cause heavy fouling of lead elements. Typically, fluxes in the range of 17–21 lmh lead to cleaning frequencies in the range of 3–4 months. By combining the use of membrane pretreatment and chloramination of the feed water through chlorine addition, two of the primary sources of RO membrane fouling can be controlled. The use of chloramine has become a proven means to control biofouling in a membrane for wastewater applications. The other significant problems for RO membranes result from organics fouling by dissolved organics and scaling due to saturation of marginally soluble salts. The former can be a significant problem for membranes, due to the strong attraction forces. To some extent, these can be mitigated by making the membrane surface more hydrophilic or changing the charge of the membrane surface. To minimize fouling, many plants are turning to low fouling membranes. Extensive studies have demonstrated that the membrane surface is hydrophilic, neutrally charged over a broad pH range, and more resistant to organic adsorption. Also, an analysis of the potential scaling issues will be reviewed. In particular, calcium phosphate has been found to be one of the key scalants that will limit RO system recovery rate. Calcium phosphate concentrations can reach high values in many wastewaters, and scaling of this compound is not often modeled in most RO projection software. Various process options will be presented to evaluate the most economic means of avoiding phosphate scaling. Finally, data from major RO wastewater treatment plants will be presented to show how the RO membranes operate under actual conditions, utilizing many of these design features. Long term data from the 2.6 mgd Bedok demonstration Plant demonstrate that the RO membranes operate consistently on wastewater. Experiences from the 8.5 mgd (32,000 m3/day) Bedok and 10.5 mgd (40,000 m3/day) Kranji plants will also be presented. These large plants started operation in the fall of 2002 and have demonstrated an effective means to reclaim high quality water from difficult source waters, such as municipal wastewaters.

scholarly journals Pilot-scale test of industrial wastewater treatment by UASB and MBR using a ceramic flat sheet membrane for water reuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terutake Niwa ◽  
Takuya Yamashita ◽  
Masataka Mitsumizo ◽  
Masanobu Takahashi ◽  
Masashi Hatamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Industrial Reuse ◽  
Flat Sheet Membrane ◽  
Sheet Membrane

Abstract A pilot plant was studied to investigate a new method for reclaiming wastewater from the industrial area of Jurong, producing high quality water from it for industrial reuse. The new process used an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a submerged ceramic flat sheet membrane. The feedwater from the chamber with the industrial wastewater was high in chemical oxygen demand (COD), which varied between 644 and 2,380 mg L–1 and had a pH range of 6.7–7.1. The MBR process was operated in series at a flux of 18–25 Lm–2 h–1 for 100 days. The average COD and the biological oxygen demand of products of the above system were 155 and 9 mg L–1, respectively. The results of this study indicated that a UASB-ceramic MBR process was capable of stably producing high quality water for industrial reuse from industrial wastewater.

Ceramic membranes for direct river water treatment applying coagulation and microfiltration

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loi-Brügger ◽  
S. Panglisch ◽  
P. Buchta ◽  
K. Hattori ◽  
H. Yonekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
River Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating

A new ceramic membrane has been designed by NGK Insulators Ltd., Japan, to compete in the drinking water treatment market. The IWW Water Centre, Germany, investigated the operational performance and economical feasibility of this ceramic membrane in a one year pilot study of direct river water treatment with the hybrid process of coagulation and microfiltration. The aim of this study was to investigate flux, recovery, and DOC retention performance and to determine optimum operating conditions of NGK's ceramic membrane filtration system with special regards to economical aspects. Temporarily, the performance of the ceramic membrane was challenged under adverse conditions. During pilot plant operation river water with turbidities between 3 and 100 FNU was treated. Membrane flux was increased stepwise from 80–300 l/m2h resulting in recoveries between 95.9 and 98.9%. A DOC removal between about 20–35% was achieved. The pilot study and the subsequent economical evaluation showed the potential to provide a reliable and cost competitive process option for water treatment. The robustness of the ceramic membrane filtration process makes it attractive for a broad range of water treatment applications and, due to low maintenance requirements, also suitable for drinking water treatment in developing countries.

scholarly journals Safeguarding the microbial water quality from source to tap

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorien Favere ◽  
Raquel G. Barbosa ◽  
Tom Sleutels ◽  
Willy Verstraete ◽  
Bart De Gusseme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAnthropogenic activities and climate change can deteriorate the freshwater quality and stress its availability. This stress can, in turn, have an impact on the biostability of drinking water. Up to now, the microbiological quality of drinking water has been maintained through the selection of high-quality water sources allied to the use of disinfectants and the removal of organic carbon. But as freshwater becomes richer in other nutrients, strategies used so far may not suffice to keep a steady and high-quality supply of drinking water in the future. This article readdresses the discussion on drinking water biostability. We need to reframe the concept as a dynamic equilibrium that considers the available nutrients and energy sources (potential for growth) relative to the abundance and composition of the bacterial community (potential to consume the available resources).

scholarly journals Scaled, high fidelity electrophysiological, morphological, and transcriptomic cell characterization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Lee ◽  
Agata Budzillo ◽  
Kristen Hadley ◽  
Jeremy A. Miller ◽  
Tim Jarsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Clamp ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Online Quality Control

The Patch-seq approach is a powerful variation of the standard patch clamp technique that allows for the combined electrophysiological, morphological, and transcriptomic characterization of individual neurons. To generate Patch-seq datasets at a scale and quality that can be integrated with high-throughput dissociated cell transcriptomic data, we have optimized the technique by identifying and refining key factors that contribute to the efficient collection of high-quality data. To rapidly generate high-quality electrophysiology data, we developed patch clamp electrophysiology software with analysis functions specifically designed to automate acquisition with online quality control. We recognized a substantial improvement in transcriptomic data quality when the nucleus was extracted following the recording. For morphology success, the importance of maximizing the neuron’s membrane integrity during the extraction of the nucleus was much more critical to success than varying the duration of the electrophysiology recording. We compiled the lab protocol with the analysis and acquisition software at https://github.com/AllenInstitute/patchseqtools. This resource can be used by individual labs to generate Patch-seq data across diverse mammalian species and that is compatible with recent large-scale publicly available Allen Institute Patch-seq datasets.

Ceramac®-19 demonstration plant ceramic microfiltration at Choa Chu Kang Waterworks

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Galjaard ◽  
Jonathan Clement ◽  
Wui Seng Ang ◽  
Mong Hoo Lim
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Stainless Steel Vessel ◽  
Demonstration Plant

Ceramic membrane technology is used in water treatment due to the robustness of ceramic membranes, but ceramic membrane systems are costly as each membrane module is housed in individual casing. PWNT has developed a ceramic membrane system called the CeraMac which greatly reduced the capital cost of installing the system by housing up to 200 modules in a single stainless steel vessel. PWNT and PUB have jointly started a 18-month operation at Choa Chu Kang Waterworks (CCKWW). In this paper, the results of the optimization runs using settled water as feed has shown that membrane operation at flux of 200 lmh can be sustained with stable transmembrane pressure (TMP) and permeability, and the proposal to apply 0.5 mg/L residual ozone to the feed to investigate the effect of ozonated feed on membrane operational performance and fouling will be discussed.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Ion-Exchange Fabric/Ceramic Membrane System to Remove As(V), Zn(II), and Turbidity from Wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2414
Author(s):  
Nag-Choul Choi ◽  
Kang-Hee Cho ◽  
Min-Sung Kim ◽  
Seong-Jik Park ◽  
Chang-Gu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Removal Capacity

Ceramic membranes and ion exchangers are effective at removing turbidity and ionic contaminants from water, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate the performance of a hybrid ion-exchange fabric/ceramic membrane system to treat metal ions and turbidity at the same time in synthetic wastewater. The removal rate of As(V) and Zn(II) by the ceramic membrane increased with solution pH, while turbidity was completely removed regardless of the solution pH. The main reaction of As(V) removal was adsorption at solution pH 6 and precipitation at solution pH 8, whereas phase-change was the predominant reaction for Zn(II) removal at both solution pH values. The removal efficiency of the ion-exchange fabric was affected by the solution pH, with the maximum removal capacity of As(V) occurring at solution pH 4. The As(V) adsorption capacity of the ion-exchange fabric reached equilibrium within 120 min. The ion-exchange capacity of the ion-exchange fabric was compared with commercial ion-exchange fibers. The regeneration efficiency of the ion-exchange fabric using 0.1 M NaCl solution was around 95% on average and decreased slightly as the number of regeneration cycles was increased. Over 80% of As(V) and Zn(II) were steadily removed at solution pH 6 by the hybrid ion-exchange fabric/ceramic membrane system. Reduced flow rate and removal capacity were recovered through a backwashing process during continuous treatment with the hybrid ion-exchange fabric/ceramic membrane system.

Integrated membrane systems incorporating coagulation, activated carbon and ultrafiltration for the removal of toxic cyanobacterial metabolites from Anabaena circinalis

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1405-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Dixon ◽  
Y. Richard ◽  
L. Ho ◽  
C. W. K. Chow ◽  
B. K. O'Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Anabaena Circinalis

The use of integrated membrane systems (a train of treatment processes incorporating one or more membranes) is increasing globally as the technology is very effective for the production of high quality drinking water. In this investigation a laboratory scale integrated membrane system (IMS) featuring coagulation, powdered activated carbon (PAC) and ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated for the removal of an Australian strain of the cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis and the cyanotoxin it produced. Three coagulants were compared, aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH), aluminium sulphate (alum) and an engineered aluminium coagulant referred to as high performance aluminium chlorohydrate (HPAC). PAC (Acticarb PS1000) was tested to determine adsorption of extracellular saxitoxin. Removal of A. circinalis cells was 100% by UF alone and the removal of cells prior to the membrane by coagulation reduced fouling attributed to algogenic organic material. Alum was the least efficient coagulant for removal of cells while ACH and HPAC were similar. Saxitoxin removal reached a maximum of 80% using ACH and PAC. The UF-IMS was challenged using a natural bloom of A. circinalis that occurred in the Myponga Reservoir in South Australia.

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

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