scholarly journals Enhancing the performance of microbial desalination cells using δMnO2/graphene nanocomposite as a cathode catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-226
Author(s):  
Abdelsalam Elawwad ◽  
Mostafa Ragab ◽  
Ahmed Hamdy ◽  
Dalal Z. Husein
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Catalyst Free ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
And Control

Abstract In this work, δMnO2 was anchored into graphene nanosheets via a mediated simple and eco-friendly approach to be used as a potential low-cost cathodic catalyst in microbial desalination cells (MDC). MnO2/G based MDC revealed a faster start-up and stable performance during the operation compared with the catalyst-free control MDC. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were 85.11 ± 5.13 and 86.20 ± 4.85% and average columbic efficiencies throughout the operation cycles were 1.52 ± 0.32% and 0.70 ± 0.35% for MnO2/G based reactor and control reactor, respectively. The average desalination efficiencies were 15.67 ± 3.32 and 13.21 ± 2.61% for MnO2/G based reactor and control reactor, respectively. The superior catalytic performance of MnO2/G based cathode improved current generation which is the key desalination stimulus. MnO2/G based reactor revealed a lower internal resistance of 430 Ω compared with 485 Ω for the catalyst-free control reactor and, similarly, the maximum power densities were found to be 12.5 and 6.5 mW/m2, respectively. MnO2/G catalyst offered an improved MDC performance, however, still with uncompetitive performance in comparison with platinum group metals catalysts.

scholarly journals A Novel Switching Control for Induction Motors Using a Robust Hybrid Controller that Combines Sliding Mode with PI Anti-Windup

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-405
Author(s):  
Bilel Aichi ◽  
Khedidja Kendouci
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Transient Regimes ◽  
Hybrid Controller ◽  
Start Up ◽  
And Control

Induction Motors are the most used machines in the industrial field since the last century, due to their low cost, high robustness with satisfactory performance. However, they are still difficult to control compared to the DC motor because of the non-linearity presented in the mathematical model. Sliding mode theory is often used to develop powerful control against various internal and external disturbances. However, the chattering problem caused by the attractive part of the regulator is a serious problem for its applications. In this paper, the proposed solution for having an optimal performance consists in combining the Sliding Mode Control with an anti-windup proportional-integral regulator. This is achieved through a simple linear supervisor that can activate the sliding mode at start-up and transient regimes while making the second controller drive the steady state. The asymptotic stability of the delivered control signal is ensured via the Lyapunov method. This allows us to benefit from the advantages of the two regulators without having their disadvantages. This new hybrid technique can potentially offer very promising results in terms of robustness and control efficiency. The validation of this theory was carried out by simulation and then by practical implementation using a dSPACE-DS-1104 control board. The obtained results show a high-performance control with very good robustness against parametric variations and remarkable stability during all different operating zones.

Identificación de polaridad de los devanados en un motor trifásico de 6 terminales

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
José Luis Viramontes-Reyna ◽  
Josafat Moreno-Silva ◽  
José Guadalupe Montelongo-Sierra ◽  
Erasmo Velazquez-Leyva
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Voltage Reference ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Voltage Phase ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Control

This document presents the results obtained from the application of the law of Lens to correctly identify the polarity of the windings in a three-phase motor with 6 exposed terminals, when the corresponding labeling is not in any situation; Prior to identifying the polarity, it should be considered to have the pairs of the three windings located. For the polarity, it is proposed to feed with a voltage of 12 Vrms to one of the windings, which are identified randomly as W1 and W2, where W1 is connected to the voltage phase of 12 Vrms of the signal and W2 to the voltage reference to 0V; by means of voltage induction and considering the law of Lens, the remaining 4 terminals can be identified and labeled as V1, V2, U1 and U2. For this process a microcontroller and control elements with low cost are used.

Restoring and Controlling the Water Pollution of Endangered River in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Pabna City

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Abu Sadath ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
Hosne Ara ◽  
Abdulla-Al Kafy
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Local Community ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Riverfront Development

Rivers are the lifeline of Bangladesh economy and serve as the source of water supply, fisheries, irrigation for agriculture, low-cost transport, generate electricity and conserve biodiversity. The Ichamati River situated in Pabna, Bangladesh is also a blessing for the city. However, recently, due to the irregular and unplanned activities adjacent to the riverside, the life, flow and water quality of the river is in a vulnerable condition. This study aims to identify the present status of the Ichamati River and provide an effective design approach and policy measures in restoring the river flow and control water pollution. The data was collected from the questioner surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Results suggest that several factors such as the construction of an illegal settlement, unplanned waste dumping, disposal of fiscal sludge through sewerage connection, lack of awareness among people regarding the importance of river biodiversity and absence of riverfront development and conservation plan are responsible for water pollution, inconsistent water flow and damaging the life cycle of Ichamati river. The design approach and policy measures were developed based on the perceptions of local community people, experts and government officials. The suggested policy measures will help to restore the flow of the river and reduce the water pollution, and the design approach will ensure the economic benefit of the riverfront development in future.

Money Code Space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Digital Politics ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
And Control

Newly emerging cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology present a challenging research problem in the field of digital politics and economics. Bitcoin—the first widely implemented cryptocurrency and blockchain architecture—seemingly separates itself from the existing territorial boundedness of nation-state money via a process of algorithmic decentralisation. Proponents declare that the utilisation of cryptography to advance financial transactions will disrupt the modern centralised structures by which capitalist economies are currently organised: corporations, governments, commercial banks, and central banks. Allegedly, software can create a more stable and democratic global economy; a world free from hierarchy and control. In Money Code Space, Jack Parkin debunks these utopian claims by approaching distributed ledger technologies as a spatial and social problem where power forms unevenly across their networks. First-hand accounts of online communities, open-source software governance, infrastructural hardware operations, and Silicon Valley start-up culture are used to ground understandings of cryptocurrencies in the “real world.” Consequently, Parkin demonstrates how Bitcoin and other blockchains are produced across a multitude of tessellated spaces from which certain stakeholders exercise considerable amounts of power over their networks. While money, code, and space are certainly transformed by distributed ledgers, algorithmic decentralisation is rendered inherently paradoxical because it is predicated upon centralised actors, practices, and forces.

Advanced Treatment of Coking Wastewater by Oxidation Process Using Pyrite and Hydrogen Peroxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2521-2525
Author(s):  
Zhi Yong Zhang ◽  
De Li Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
High Utilization

Coking wastewater is a kind of recalcitrant wastewater including complicate compositions. Advanced treatment of coking wastewater by Fenton-Like reaction using pyrite as catalyst was investigated in this paper. The results show that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of coking wastewater decreased significantly by method of coagulation combined with two-stage oxidation reaction. COD of wastewater can decrease from 250mg/l to 45mg/l after treatment, when 2g/L pyrite was used in each stage oxidation and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is 0.2ml/l for first stage treatment, 0.1ml/l for second stage treatment respectively. The pyrite is effective to promote Fenton-Like reaction with low cost due to high utilization efficiency of H2O2, moreover, catalyst could be easily recovered and reused. The Fenton-Like reaction might be used as a potential alternative to advanced treatment of recalcitrant wastewater.

scholarly journals Information and information resources in COVID-19: Awareness, control, and prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110165
Author(s):  
Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda ◽  
Fatemeh Ranjbaran ◽  
Asghar Sattari
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of information and information resources in the awareness, control, and prevention of COVID-19. This study was a descriptive-analytical survey in which 450 participants were selected for the study. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through SPSS. The findings show that a wide range of mass media has become well known as information resources for COVID-19. Other findings indicate a significant statistical difference in the rate of using information resources during COVID-19 based on age and gender; however, this difference is not significant regarding the reliability of information resources with regard to age and gender. Health information has an undisputable role in the prevention and control of pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Providing accurate, reliable, and evidence-based information in a timely manner for the use of resources and information channels related to COVID-19 can be a fast and low-cost strategic approach in confronting this disease.

Electrodeposited Ni-Fe-P-FeMnO3/Fe multi-stage nanostructured electrocatalyst with superior catalytic performance for water splitting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Tan ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Yingying Si ◽  
Zunhang Lv ◽  
Zihan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Multi Stage

It is very important to design and prepare low-cost and efficiency electrocatalysts for water splitting in alkaline solution. In this works, Ni-Fe-P and Ni-Fe-P-FeMnO3 electrocatalysts are developed using facile electrodeposition...

scholarly journals High-throughput computational-experimental screening protocol for the discovery of bimetallic catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Chul Yeo ◽  
Hyunji Nam ◽  
Hyobin Nam ◽  
Min-Cheol Kim ◽  
Hong Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Bimetallic Catalysts ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Pt Catalyst ◽  
Electronic Density ◽  
Bimetallic Alloy ◽  
Screening Protocol

AbstractTo accelerate the discovery of materials through computations and experiments, a well-established protocol closely bridging these methods is required. We introduce a high-throughput screening protocol for the discovery of bimetallic catalysts that replace palladium (Pd), where the similarities in the electronic density of states patterns were employed as a screening descriptor. Using first-principles calculations, we screened 4350 bimetallic alloy structures and proposed eight candidates expected to have catalytic performance comparable to that of Pd. Our experiments demonstrate that four bimetallic catalysts indeed exhibit catalytic properties comparable to those of Pd. Moreover, we discover a bimetallic (Ni-Pt) catalyst that has not yet been reported for H2O2 direct synthesis. In particular, Ni61Pt39 outperforms the prototypical Pd catalyst for the chemical reaction and exhibits a 9.5-fold enhancement in cost-normalized productivity. This protocol provides an opportunity for the catalyst discovery for the replacement or reduction in the use of the platinum-group metals.

scholarly journals Designing of an Advanced Compression Bioreactor with an Implementation of a Low-Cost Controlling System Connected to a Mobile Application

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Gözde Dursun ◽  
Muhammad Umer ◽  
Bernd Markert ◽  
Marcus Stoffel
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Cost Controlling ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tissue Models

(1) Background: Bioreactors mimic the natural environment of cells and tissues by providing a controlled micro-environment. However, their design is often expensive and complex. Herein, we have introduced the development of a low-cost compression bioreactor which enables the application of different mechanical stimulation regimes to in vitro tissue models and provides the information of applied stress and strain in real-time. (2) Methods: The compression bioreactor is designed using a mini-computer called Raspberry Pi, which is programmed to apply compressive deformation at various strains and frequencies, as well as to measure the force applied to the tissue constructs. Besides this, we have developed a mobile application connected to the bioreactor software to monitor, command, and control experiments via mobile devices. (3) Results: Cell viability results indicate that the newly designed compression bioreactor supports cell cultivation in a sterile environment without any contamination. The developed bioreactor software plots the experimental data of dynamic mechanical loading in a long-term manner, as well as stores them for further data processing. Following in vitro uniaxial compression conditioning of 3D in vitro cartilage models, chondrocyte cell migration was altered positively compared to static cultures. (4) Conclusion: The developed compression bioreactor can support the in vitro tissue model cultivation and monitor the experimental information with a low-cost controlling system and via mobile application. The highly customizable mold inside the cultivation chamber is a significant approach to solve the limited customization capability of the traditional bioreactors. Most importantly, the compression bioreactor prevents operator- and system-dependent variability between experiments by enabling a dynamic culture in a large volume for multiple numbers of in vitro tissue constructs.

scholarly journals Shape Effects of Ceria Nanoparticles on the Water‒Gas Shift Performance of CuOx/CeO2 Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Maria Lykaki ◽  
Sofia Stefa ◽  
Sónia A. C. Carabineiro ◽  
Miguel A. Soria ◽  
Luís M. Madeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ceria Nanoparticles ◽  
Ceo2 Sample ◽  
Equilibrium Conversion ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Water Gas

The copper–ceria (CuOx/CeO2) system has been extensively investigated in several catalytic processes, given its distinctive properties and considerable low cost compared to noble metal-based catalysts. The fine-tuning of key parameters, e.g., the particle size and shape of individual counterparts, can significantly affect the physicochemical properties and subsequently the catalytic performance of the binary oxide. To this end, the present work focuses on the morphology effects of ceria nanoparticles, i.e., nanopolyhedra (P), nanocubes (C), and nanorods (R), on the water–gas shift (WGS) performance of CuOx/CeO2 catalysts. Various characterization techniques were employed to unveil the effect of shape on the structural, redox and surface properties. According to the acquired results, the support morphology affects to a different extent the reducibility and mobility of oxygen species, following the trend: R > P > C. This consequently influences copper–ceria interactions and the stabilization of partially reduced copper species (Cu+) through the Cu2+/Cu+ and Ce4+/Ce3+ redox cycles. Regarding the WGS performance, bare ceria supports exhibit no activity, while the addition of copper to the different ceria nanostructures alters significantly this behaviour. The CuOx/CeO2 sample of rod-like morphology demonstrates the best catalytic activity and stability, approaching the thermodynamic equilibrium conversion at 350 °C. The greater abundance in loosely bound oxygen species, oxygen vacancies and highly dispersed Cu+ species can be mainly accounted for its superior catalytic performance.

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