Water resourses management and natural environment changes in ancient Pleurona, Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Diamanti ◽  
I. Kalavrouziotis
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Geomorphological Changes ◽  
The City ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Of Greece

The site of New Pleurona, a well fortified city of the Hellenistic period, is located in the western part of Greece. Archaeological and geophysical evidence indicates that the city, during its existence, was connected to the sea. The geomorphological changes are linked to the delta's progression of the two neighboring rivers, Acheloos and Evinos. In addition to the city's impressive fortifications, Pleurona had an extensive network of water supply and storage, including one of the most impressive cisterns of the ancient world. The case of Plevrona can be viewed as an example of adapting a city's needs through environmental changes and as a best practice in the use of its water resources.

Evolution of rainwater harvesting and use in Crete, Hellas, through the millennia

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1624-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
And Storage

The low water availability in several regions of southeastern Hellas and particularly in several islands, such as Crete, has resulted in the construction of various types of water reservoir for collection and storage of rainwater, since their very early habitation. Since then, technologies for the construction and use of several types of cisterns have been developed. In Crete during the Minoan era, water cisterns were very well practiced as a basic means for water supply in several settlements. The Minoan water cistern technologies were further developed, mainly by enlargement of the scale of water systems, at subsequent stages of the Hellenic civilizations. Furthermore, more advanced water cistern technologies were invented, with a peak during the Hellenistic period which followed Alexander the Great, during which time they spread over a geographical area from Hellas to the west and to the east. The Romans inherited the cistern technologies and further developed them mainly by changing their application scale from small to large. Characteristic paradigms of Cretan cisterns are considered which justify the significance of that technology for water supply in areas with low water availability during the whole Cretan history. Herein, nowadays climatic conditions and water resources management in Crete are presented and discussed.

Singapore's Marina Barrage - Changing Mindsets in Urban Solutions

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan M. Harley ◽  
Yap Kheng Guan
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Public Works ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

Singapore's water resources system is a strong illustration of the value of an integrated water resources management in urban enviroments. Today, urban water resources planning and environmental engineering are essential partners in the planning of tomorrow's urban environments - and not just as passive projects unnoticed by the public. In Singapore we can see the specific evolution from the separate development of water catchments and the control of monsoon flooding to the integrated water management strategy as exemplified today in the Marina Barrage. The multi-purpose project boosts Singapore's water supply by creating its first reservoir in the city, helps flood control and enhances the living environment of the city. Marina Barrage presented many interesting challenges in the development of a project whose impact was designed to far transcend the normal functional aspect of a large public works project. This paper will present the many potential public uses that were considered in the planning for the final facility. The motivation is that the 3P (people, public and private) sectors play an important part in sustaining water resources. Instead of designing the Marina Barrage as a conventional functional facility accessible only to operational staff, the project breaks new ground in taking an unconventional design approach. The facility was designed as an open facility to engage and inspire the public to care for water. Features for public education, lifestyle attraction, eating experiences, options for families to relax, play areas for children, attractions for overseas visitors, spaces for dedicated conferences and many more were considered. A multi-functional team of interior designers, landscape architects, researchers, art specialists, lighting specialists, environmentalists, etc was assembled and met continually as the design evolved. These evolving goals had to be integrated into the overall functional characteristics of the barrage. The resulting project is a world-class example of how a project initially conceived for water resources functional purpose can evolve not just into an iconic structure but one whose multi-functional capabilities have attracted huge attention from tourists and the people of Singapore. This is evidenced by more than 250,000 people visiting the facility in its first 6 months of operations, and the many families who spend relaxing time enjoying the various spaces at the Barrage. The evolution of the Marina Barrage in design and operation can act as a lesson for other cities considering similar large flood control or water supply projects. The success of the Marina Barrage's 3P mission indicates how for a relatively little increase in cost these facilities can play a major role in enhancing urban lifestyle in sustainable cities.

From ancient times to the present: development of the drinking water supply system of Şanliurfa in south-eastern Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasım Yenigün ◽  
A. Cihat Kürkçüoğlu ◽  
Mustafa S. Yazgan ◽  
Reşit Gerger ◽  
Uğur Ülgen
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
And Storage

In this paper, water supply, distribution and storage structures in Şanlıurfa city that were built since the ancient times are investigated and technological details of some water supply structures are given. The city is one of the oldest cities and has hosted many civilizations throughout the centuries, beginning from 11500 BC. The acquired archaeological heritage shows that the city had important water supply practices. Many water structures, which can be categorized as the structures of the pre-Islamic Period (Roman Period) and post-Islamic Period (Ottoman Period), were constructed in the city. Charity structures and cisterns, Turkish baths, aqueducts and dams, water balance facilities, maksems, bridges, wells, fountains and karliks are among these structures. Roman influence is observed in the water architecture of the Ottoman Empire. The influence is best observed in the hayrats of the city, built in the pre-Islamic and post-Islamic Period. During the history of the city, the settled communities have destroyed many of the cultural structures of previous civilizations; however they have protected and developed water structure systems. This situation has meant that water structures have lasted to the present and it is interesting to note that most of these systems are still in use.

The Influence of Global Warming to Environmental Abnormal Variation in the Estuary of the Yellow River

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Jun Yan ◽  
Wen Hai Yang ◽  
Yu Hua Zhang ◽  
Xian Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Resources Exploitation

With the development of the economy, human activities have more and more effects on natural environment. The large water conservancy and hydropower projects caused great multi-aspect influences on the environmental changes. The unreasonable activities of mankind in water resources exploitation have deteriorated the natural environment, intensifying the conflicts between human beings and the nature. Environment and natural disasters have brought forward rigorous challenge on the survival and development of the mankind. The concept of environmental variation is proposed in analyzing the processes of environmental change, and the reparation methods for the river environment variation have been stated as well. Styles of river environmental variation can be classified according to characteristics of the river and of human activities. The characteristics and the consequences of the environmental variation in the estuary of Yellow River are analyzed, so have the reparation methods. With the development of the economy, the human activities have more and more effects on natural environment. The large Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects, such as the big-dam-building on the river, the water-transferring project, the water resources-exploiting project, and the sewage-discharge project, etc., have caused great multi-aspect influences on the environmental changes. The unreasonable activities of mankind in water resources exploitation have deteriorated the natural environment, intensifying the conflicts between the human beings and the nature. Environment and natural disasters have brought forward rigorous challenge on the survival and development of the mankind. Some abnormal environmental changes (Environment Variation) can be observed in rivers, influencing our life greatly, especially the environmental variation in the mouth of Yellow River.

scholarly journals EVALUASI POTENSI SUMBERDAYA AIR UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI DI KOTA BONTANG, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City

The total population Bontang in 2014 is around 187,346 peoples. With the level of domestic water demand of 110 liters /person/day, the water needs of the city for at least Bontang 238.52 liters/sec. Currently for the needs of the community water supply received from the local water company with a capacity of 80 liters/sec, and It will be developed further to 250 liters/second in 2015. There are two big industries that need huge of water, namely LNG and Fertilizers Factory.  Factory of East Kalimantan (PKT) need additional water supply around 1000 m3/h or (166.67 liters/sec) with the specifications for the Water Industry   and 200 m3/h will be used to supply the needs of water for 21 818 inhabitants. Bontang city water source can be derived from groundwater, rivers, and rain water storage (reservoirs of water). In recent decades Bontang relied upon groundwater for water supply industry and some communities, the rest use river water and rain water tandah. With a very heavy rainfall ( 2500 mm / year), then the making of ponds in large quantities can help to reserve water in the future. For the purposes of future water supplies, it would require an asessment of all potential water resources utilization and planning for the use of adapted to the urban development plan. Water recycling of domestic waste is also a potential source of fresh water in the future, especially for industrial use. The drainage system needs to be directed at a large holding pond located in a low area, before going into the sea. The rain that fell in the city drained and collected would be of potential if utilized. In short-term utilization of water of the Bontang river is very of potential, given its location in the city center and is one of the many watersheds in Bontang, causing floods in the rainy season. Control and management of water is needed to support the use of river water.Keywords: Water resources, Water Demand, Water Supply, and Water Balance

scholarly journals The cisterns of the Bisti promontory at Hermione. With a preliminary description of the Roman aqueduct

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
Patrik Klingborg
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The City ◽  
Preliminary Description ◽  
Empirical Material

This article reports the findings of the fieldwork exploring the cisterns at the Bisti promontory of Hermione, executed as part of a collaboration between the Ephorate of Antiquities of the Argolid and the Swedish Institute at Athens. In order to better understand the function of the cisterns within the water supply system, the article begins by presenting an overview of existing water resources in the area, primarily the naturally occurring sources and the city’s 2nd-century AD Roman aqueduct. Following this the study describes the remains of the 14 potential cisterns on the Bisti. Based on the empirical material the similarities and contrasts between these are explored, as well as what they can tell us about the history and life in ancient Hermione. In particular, the article suggests that the presence of the cisterns contributes to our understanding of the urban fabric of the city, and reveals important information about when the city was moved from the Bisti to the nearby Pron Hill.

Joint Regulation and Storage of Surface Water and Groundwater in Rushan River Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 1981-1984
Author(s):  
Ming Hui Niu ◽  
Zheng He Xu ◽  
Xi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Multi Objective Programming ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Regional Water

Based on the regulating principles, the modes of joint regulation and storage of surface water and groundwater in Rushan River Basin are simulated using multi-objective programming method. The study suggests two modes as “two dry years and one normal year” and “four dry years and one wet year”. The results indicate the guarantee rates of water supply are improved, with increasing the exploitation quantity in dry years and the recharge in wet years. The study provides a strong guarantee for water resources regulation and promotes the sustainable development of regional water resources.

scholarly journals Integrated Water Resources Vulnerability Assessment: A Multidimensional Approach and Geographic Information System Based in Fès, Meknès, and Ifrane Perimeters, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanga Idé Soumaila ◽  
Naimi Mustapha ◽  
Chikhaoui Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Resources Vulnerability

Water resources are disproportionately distributed, and more and more problems related to this precious resource are being reported around the world due to anthropogenic pressures and global environmental changes. This paper focuses on assessing the vulnerability of water resources in an integrated way, by taking into account hydrological, environmental, socio-economic and pollution factors, in order to delineate sensitive areas of water resources under a geographic information system. The framework for assessing the water resources vulnerability in the Fès, Meknès, and Ifrane perimeters was based on a participatory approach through a survey. The data collected on the identified factors are then processed under ArcGIS tool to aggregate the normalized value into a water resources vulnerability index. The result shows that the degree of vulnerability of water resources in most of the study area is considered to be at the "threshold" to "non-vulnerable". However, three (3) main areas were considered to be "moderately vulnerable" to "highly vulnerable" precisely in the South of the city of Meknes (Zone 1), from the West of the city of Fès (Zone 2), and finally the Dayet Ifrah area (Zone 3). The sensitivity analysis showed that five factors have more impact on the overall water resources vulnerability map: topography, poverty, water withdrawal, population density, and access to drinking water. The result of this study could help integrated water resources management planners take action to improve the overall water quantity and quality in the area, and it can be extended to a larger scale like regional, national or cross-country.

scholarly journals Springs of the Iva River Basin, Territory of the City of Perm

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
The City ◽  
Industrial Center

Nowadays the issue of small rivers water resources conditions and drinking water supply for the territory of Perm, the major industrial center of the Western Urals, is rather relevant. Within the frameworks of this paper results of investigation of the springs’ conditions and the Iva River/its tributaries water quality have been presented and the assessment of the ecological situation has been made on the grounds of these results. This work won a prize of the Russian National Contest of Water-related Projects among pupils of senior classes -2010 (the second place).

Patmos

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Fant ◽  
Mitchell G. Reddish
Keyword(s):  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
On This Island ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The City ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Greek Island

Famous for being the location for the writing of the book of Revelation (the Apocalypse), the island of Patmos is a jewel in the Aegean. This small island combines the charm and beauty of a typical Greek island with the tranquility and reverence of a sacred space. Visitors today might very well wish that they, like John, could be sentenced to exile on this island so rich with tradition, faith, and wonder. The northernmost island of the Dodecanese Islands (part of the Southern Sporades chain) in the Aegean Sea, Patmos, a part of the country of Greece, is 22 miles southwest of the island of Samos and about 38 miles from ancient Miletus on the mainland of Turkey. Patmos is a small, mountainous island, about 7 miles long and 3 miles wide, with a ragged coastline. The island has two narrow isthmuses that divide it into three parts. Primarily known for its association with the author of the New Testament book of Revelation, the island today displays the charm of a typical Greek island. The three main towns or villages on the island are Hora, Skala, and Kambos. Patmos is mentioned only briefly by ancient writers (Thucydides, Strabo, Pliny the Elder, and Tacitus), and little is known of its ancient history. The island was settled by the Dorians and later by the Ionians. Ancient ruins on the island attest to the inhabitation of the island during the Hellenistic period, a time when Patmos, along with the islands of Lipsos and Leros, belonged to the territory controlled by Miletus. These islands served as “buffer” islands, guarding and protecting the city of Miletus. Inscriptions from the island provide evidence of a temple of Artemis and a gymnasium on the island. Information about Patmos during the Roman period is scarce. Christian tradition, based on Revelation 1:9, claims Patmos as the site where John was exiled at the end of the 1st century C.E. by the Roman emperor Domitian. Whereas the Roman historian Tacitus does name three other islands in the Aegean (Donusa, Gyarus, and Amorgus) as islands where the Romans exiled or banished political prisoners, Patmos is never mentioned by ancient writers as a place of punishment.

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