General Review and New Concepts regarding the Development of Human Wastewater Treatment in Japan

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Takeshi Goda
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Unit Load ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

A brief historical review of Japanese human wastewater treatment and disposal since 1945 is presented. The present situation regarding night soil treatment is described. The public sewerage works have been inactive due to financial reasons since 1981, and thus small to medium sized biofilm type facilities are receiving various kinds of grey water and composite household waste. This type of compact, biofilm treatment became popular because of its inexpensive construction and energy-saving characteristics. The numbers and types of biological processes currently in use in Japan are detailed, and an overview is given of industrial waste treatment and its relationship with public sewage treatment. The overall COD flow is indicated, with the amount of waste per capita, estimated from the actual water consumption. The unit load values of BOD, COD etc. are shown, and are used for the calculation of COD load.

Vermiculture as a tool for domestic wastewater management

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bajsa ◽  
J. Nair ◽  
K. Mathew ◽  
G.E. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
End Use ◽  
Urban Waste Management

Organic waste management is a growing issue due to the unsustainable practices of its disposal. Sewage treatment plants are designed to treat wastewater to produce a safe effluent. However, one of the by-products, the sewage sludge which is disposed off in landfill or used as fertilizer in agricultural operation is high in pathogens. Sustainability can be achieved by Vermicomposting of organic matter which involves accelerated cycling of nutrients though a closed cycle whereby waste products are put to productive end use. Vermicomposting and vermifiltration are natural waste management processes relying on the use of worms to convert organic wastes to stable soil enriching compounds. Domestic wastewater management can be accommodated through these processes in a sustainable manner. A considerable reduction in pathogens has been noticed in the end product to a level that it can be safely applied to land. This paper provides an overview of the system characteristics of management systems utilising vermiculture, to manage wastewater. The process can be used in a small scale for household waste treatment to rural or urban waste management.

Permitting, the Public and the Future of Animal Biosafety Facilities

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Fred W. Quimby
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Biocontainment facilities for animals are complex structures which must comply with numerous, sometimes conflicting, federal, state and local regulations. Agencies responsible for funding the construction of or permitting of such facilities must address the environmental impacts of the operation including the treatment and disposal of regulated medical waste. Our experience illustrates the complex nature of the biocontainment facility permitting process. Furthermore, these experiences have taught us to seek public input early in the planning process and incorporate the public's concerns during the environmental quality review process. Finally, the recent decision in New York to regulate ABSL-3 facilities as regulated medical waste treatment facilities has added significant new requirements and resulted in a cost escalation that threatens the entire project.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidefumi IMURA ◽  
Yoshinori NAKAJIMA ◽  
Kanetoshi MORISHITA ◽  
Toshiie MAEDA
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

scholarly journals STATE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Sniezhkin Yu. ◽  
Zh. Petrova ◽  
V. Paziuk ◽  
Yu. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis ◽  
Almost All

In sewage treatment plants, sludge is formed during wastewater treatment, in addition to treated water. They are dumped on silt sites, which occupy large areas and almost all overcrowding. The content of large amounts of minerals and toxic substances in sediments leads to the deterioration of underwater waters and land, which in turn leads to the deterioration of ecology and life in Ukraine. An urgent task in Ukraine is to create a comprehensive processing of sludge, which includes economic, technological, social and environmental aspects. The main methods of sludge disposal are use in agriculture, landfilling, incineration and dumping into the sea or ocean. The country is gradually trying to abandon the burial. European Union countries also process sludge aerobically and anaerobically. During these processes, components of organo-mineral fertilizers are created that can be used in agriculture. As fertilizers, sludge is composted, stabilized and pasteurized. Combustion of sludge allows to obtain a substitute for coal and oil. To increase the heat of combustion and improve combustion parameters to sludge sludge add coal, biomass. Low-temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge and household waste, which allows to obtain "crude oil". One of the methods is processing in biogas plants to obtain both biogas and environmentally friendly fertilizers. To increase the efficiency of treatment and reduction of sludge disposal of used stagnation-ments vermiculture. Analysis of the literature allows us to conclude that there are methods of disposal of sludge, which have become widespread in various countries around the world, such as fertilizers, alternative fuels, landfills and others. When disposing of sludge, it is possible to produce biogas, electricity and heat, which reduces energy costs for the process.

Management of Toxics for the Fukashiba Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Kashima Petrochemical Complex

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kozawa ◽  
T. Wueki ◽  
H. Kobayashi ◽  
S. Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
Slaked Lime

The Kashima petrochemical complex and its Fukashiba industrial wastewater treatment plant are described. When the factories of the complex discharge the wastewater, they must be in compliance with the standards designated in the Sewage Law of Japan, because they are users of the public sewage system. Ten of 81 factories discharged the wastewater containing identified toxics, and they treated corresponding toxic items before discharging to sewers. The wastewater of the factories was constantly monitored by the office of Kashima sewage works, and there had been few troubles with the operation of Fukashiba treatment plant. However, sludge contained cadmium at relatively high concentration in Fukashiba treatment plant, compared with sludge of the domestic sewage treatment plants. The sources of Cd were possibly the use of large amount of slaked lime in these factories. Prior to the construction of any new manufacturing plant, the office of Kashima sewage works practiced the test of biodegradability and toxicity of potential wastewater from the plant. The analytical method of GC/MS became a useful tool to confirm biodegradability and toxicity of substances in the wastewater from each plant.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Sistem RBC Pada IPAL Pekapuran Raya PD PAL Banjarmasin Terhadap Penurunan Kadar BOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Fidyan Hifzhani ◽  
Syarifudin A. ◽  
Arifin Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Local Company

Abstract : Effectiveness Of Rbc System On Wwtp (Wastewater Treatment Plant) Pekapuran Raya Wt (Wastewater Treatment) Local Company Banjarmasin To Reduce Bod Contents. Increased household activities lead to increase the volume of waste generated over time. Annually, the household waste volume increases 5 million m3. WT Local Company Banjarmasin is a wastewater management company that performs domestic sewage treatment (feces) Banjarmasin city. Application of waste treatment technology on WWTP Banjarmasin is RBC system. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of RBC system on WT Local Company Banjarmasin to reduce BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand). This type of study was analytic. The study design used one group pretest posttest design. The place of study was WWTP Pekapuran Raya WT Local Company Banjarmasin 2017. The study population was wastewater from inlet and outlet pipes. Sample was wastewater taken inlet and outlet pipe tanks. The result showed BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) contents in the wastewater sample before it was processed of 130.97 mg/L, 116.98 mg/L, and 193.45 mg/l. After it was processed of 13.81 mg/L, 20.138 mg/L, and 30.216 mg/L. The effectiveness of RBC system on the reduce of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) in WWTP Pekapuran Raya WT Local Company Banjarmasin was 89.37% for first day, 80.51% for second day and 83.73% for the third day. There were differences before and after BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) treated by RBC in WWTP Pekapuran Raya WT Local Company Banjarmasin. Keywords: WWTP; RBC system; BOD.

Wastewater treatment in Antarctica

Polar Record ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

ABSTRACTSince the exploration of Antarctica began, procedures for dealing with human wastes have changed considerably. The establishment of research stations made it necessary to provide for sewage disposal. However, the introduction of advanced wastewater treatment processes has been driven largely by an intensifying concern to protect the Antarctic environment. A key step was the adoption by Antarctic Treaty nations of the so-called Madrid Protocol, in which minimum standards for sewage treatment and disposal are prescribed. The provisions of this protocol are not particularly onerous and some countries have elected to go beyond them, and to treat Antarctic research station wastewater as they would at home. Transferring treatment technologies to Antarctica is not simple because the remoteness, isolation, weather and other local conditions impose a variety of unusual constraints on plant design. The evolution of advanced treatment plant designs is examined. Most countries have opted for biofilm-based processes, with Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC) favoured initially while more recently contact aeration systems have been preferred. Sludges are now generally repatriated, with a diversity of sludge dewatering techniques being used. The evolution of treatment process designs is expected to continue, with growing use, especially at inland stations, of sophisticated processes such as membrane technologies and thermally efficient evaporative techniques.

scholarly journals Health Hazards and Protocol for Management of Used Facemasks Outside Hospitals during SARCOV-2 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Akash Kasatwar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious pathogenic disease leading to infection and death of millions of people all over the world till the date according to the data provided by John Hopkins University. Peoples have started using various types of mask to protect themselves from getting infected from the deadly corona virus. There has also been large amount of confusion in general public about disposal of the mask as most of them are using for first time in their life. Even healthcare professionals may be unaware of the methods of disposal of the masks outside their hospitals. This mask may carry infections from asymptomatic, SARS-CoV-2 patients that if it comes in contact with other peoples and animals may have severe bio health hazards. Observation & Management of facemasks: Since the SARS-COV-2 pandemic outbreak since March 2020, personally, we found out that peoples a carelessly throwing masks everywhere including streets, parking lots, beaches, building complexes, sewages and homes. These masks may have been used by asymptomatic carriers or have got infected with these viruses is hazardous not only to the health of the public but also for the household waste collectors, pet animals and marine animals. Disinfecting with sodium hypochlorite * decontaminating methods like washing facemasks and drying in sunlight, pressure cooker sterilisation method, boiling, by using laundry detergent and hot dryer and cleaning in washing machine, etc. Conclusion & Relevance: The objective of these articles is to alert the public & health care professionals to understand the hazards of throwing the facemasks at public places and preventive measure to be taken during this pandemic time and various methods of decontamination, pre-treatment and disposal of facemask avoiding severe health hazards.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

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