Formulations for effective detoxification derived fromthree medicinalplants: Thunbergia laurifolia,Clerodendrum disparifoliumand Rotheca serrata

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasit Boonthai ◽  
Kowit Noikotr ◽  
Naraphatra Saemram ◽  
Runglawan Sudmoon ◽  
Tawatchai Tanee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Preclinical Trial ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Thunbergia Laurifolia

Background: Based on the long history of medicinal use of Thunbergia laurifolia, Clerodendrum disparifolium and Rotheca serrata, the extract formulations of these species: T. laurifolia and C. disparifolium; T. laurifolia and R. serrata;and T. laurifolia, C. disparifolium and R. serrata, called formulas 1, 2 and 3, were created for detoxification testing to take more advantage of eachspecies. Objective: To estimate the detoxifying effects of studiedextract formulations on human cell and tissue culture as a preclinical trial. Methods: Themajor phytochemicals were derived by GC-MS. Thedetoxification efficacy of these formulations in cellsand DNA levelsby MTT and cometassays in toxic PBMCs (incubated with rice whisky or bathroom cleaner). Results: The phytochemical constituents were detected at 23.48% phytol and 43.03% oleamide in T. laurifolia; 12.88% oleamide, 20.93% 9,12,15-octadecatrien, 25.52% squalene, 22.19% butylated hydroxy toluene and 15.36% vitamin E in C. disparifolium; and 30.41% phytol, 32.78% oleamide, and12.20%, 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol in R. serrata.The toxic cells treated with the plant formulas 1, 2 and 3 showed no IC50 values,but formulas 1 and 2 displayed higher efficaciesthandid formula 3. The comet assay indicated that the experiments (the treatment on toxic cells with the plant formulas) induced significant (p<0.05) DNA damage compared to the negative control due to poisoning occurring before administration of the plant formulas. The OTM of the controls was significantly (p<0.05) longer than the experimental samplesshowing significantly reduce toxicityof the created formulations. Conclusion: The formulas showed high detoxification efficacies and the formulations 1 and 2resulted inhigher levels of detoxification thanthe formulation3, especially immediate treatment after receiving toxic substances.

Phytochemical Constituents of Annona reticulata and their Cytotoxic Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ty Viet Pham ◽  
Thang Quoc Le ◽  
Anh Tuan Le ◽  
Hung Quoc Vo ◽  
Duc Viet Ho
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Structural Determination ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time ◽  
Annona Reticulata

A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Annona reticulata led to the isolation and structural determination of β-sitosterol (1), ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (2), ent-pimara- 8(14),15-dien-19-ol (3), quercetin (4), quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (5), and a mixture of quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (6a) and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6b). Of these, compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from the genus Annona for the first time. Compound 3 showed strong cytotoxicity against SK-LU-1 and SW626 cell lines with IC50 values of 17.64 ± 1.07 and 19.79 ± 1.41 μg mL-1, respectively.

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Adrian S. Monthony ◽  
Serena R. Page ◽  
Mohsen Hesami ◽  
Andrew Maxwell P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Type

The recent legalization of Cannabis sativa L. in many regions has revealed a need for effective propagation and biotechnologies for the species. Micropropagation affords researchers and producers methods to rapidly propagate insect-/disease-/virus-free clonal plants and store germplasm and forms the basis for other biotechnologies. Despite this need, research in the area is limited due to the long history of prohibitions and restrictions. Existing literature has multiple limitations: many publications use hemp as a proxy for drug-type Cannabis when it is well established that there is significant genotype specificity; studies using drug-type cultivars are predominantly optimized using a single cultivar; most protocols have not been replicated by independent groups, and some attempts demonstrate a lack of reproducibility across genotypes. Due to culture decline and other problems, the multiplication phase of micropropagation (Stage 2) has not been fully developed in many reports. This review will provide a brief background on the history and botany of Cannabis as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of Cannabis tissue culture. Special attention will be paid to current challenges faced by researchers, the limitations of existing Cannabis micropropagation studies, and recent developments and future directions of Cannabis tissue culture technologies.

Mammalian genes coordinately regulated by growth arrest signals and DNA-damaging agents

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4196-4203
Author(s):  
A J Fornace ◽  
D W Nebert ◽  
M C Hollander ◽  
J D Luethy ◽  
M Papathanasiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Growth Arrest ◽  
Homozygous Deletion ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Growth Cessation ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents ◽  
Mammalian Cell Growth ◽  
Serum Reduction

More than 20 different cDNA clones encoding DNA-damage-inducible transcripts in rodent cells have recently been isolated by hybridization subtraction (A. J. Fornace, Jr., I. Alamo, Jr., and M. C. Hollander, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8800-8804, 1988). In most cells, one effect of DNA damage is the transient inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell growth. We now show that five of our clones encode transcripts that are increased by other growth cessation signals: growth arrest by serum reduction, medium depletion, contact inhibition, or a 24-h exposure to hydroxyurea. The genes coding for these transcripts have been designated gadd (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible). Two of the gadd cDNA clones were found to hybridize at high stringency to transcripts from human cells that were induced after growth cessation signals or treatment with DNA-damaging agents, which indicates that these responses have been conserved during mammalian evolution. In contrast to results with growth-arrested cells that still had the capacity to grow after removal of the growth arrest conditions, no induction occurred in HL60 cells when growth arrest was produced by terminal differentiation, indicating that only certain kinds of growth cessation signals induce these genes. All of our experiments suggest that the gadd genes are coordinately regulated: the kinetics of induction for all five transcripts were similar; in addition, overexpression of gadd genes was found in homozygous deletion c14CoS/c14CoS mice that are missing a small portion of chromosome 7, suggesting that a trans-acting factor encoded by a gene in this deleted portion is a negative effector of the gadd genes. The gadd genes may represent part of a novel regulatory pathway involved in the negative control of mammalian cell growth.

8. Evaluation of Snow Fungus Polysaccharides on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA Damage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tremella Fuciformis

Snow fungus, Tremella fuciformis, has been demonstrated to have numerous health benefits including purported chemopreventive properties due to free radical-scavenging ability. Protective effects derived from snow fungus polysaccharides are evaluated on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CCL-39) exposed to carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene known to cause free radical formation and oxidative stress to cells. In this experiment, it was hypothesized that the naturally occurring polysaccharides in snow fungus are able to protect against or reduce oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Polysaccharides were isolated through an alkaline extraction and in-vitro digestion. DNA damage was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis comet assay after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and polysaccharide extract to lung fibroblasts. Results were calculated using the mean and standard deviation data of tail length and area, respectively. Each damaged cell was measured and analyzed through ImageJ Editing Software. The results indicate a promising trend which depict snow fungus polysaccharides yielding lower levels of DNA damage compared to cells exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and compared to the negative control (phosphate buffered saline and Dulbecco’s cell medium). This study suggests polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis could truly prevent cellular DNA damage by protecting against oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Review Based Upon Ayurvedic and Traditional Uses of Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpatta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifali Thakur ◽  
Gitika Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Herbal Plant ◽  
Flavoring Agent

Cinnamomum tamala is an evergreen plant native to Sri Lanka and India. This herbal plant is commonly called Indian cassia, Tejpatta and Indian bay leaf. There are many bioactive constituents isolated from plant Cinnamomum tamala. Leaves of the plant possess aromatic fragrance and are also utilized as a flavoring agent. It is used in food curry, pickles and other spices. Besides food application, the leaves have also been used for curing a number of ailments. All parts of the plant possess many major bioactive chemical constituents like cinnamaldehyde, trans-cinnamaldehyde, 3,4,5,7- tetrahydroxyflavone, 3,3,4,5,6- pentahydroflavone (non-glycoside compounds), kaempferol, eugenol, etc. These phytochemical compounds have many pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal and immunomodulatory. In the past time, it is also considered for medicinal use. Their medicinal use was also mentioned in the literature of ayurveda, yunani and other traditional systems of medicine. Due to aromatic fragrance, it is also utilized in the perfume industry. The major aim of this review is to give a brief knowledge about the plant Cinnamomum tamala based on their phytochemical constituents, ayurvedic view, folk view and pharmacological application.

scholarly journals Infertility and associated factors in three hospitals in Douala, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1985-95
Author(s):  
Thomas Obinchemti Egbe ◽  
Charmaine Ngo Mbaki ◽  
Nicholas Tendongfor ◽  
Elvis Temfack ◽  
Eugene Belley-Priso
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
History Of

Aim: We determined the prevalence and factors associated with couple infertility in three hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 18th 2015 to March 18th 2016 in three public hospitals in Douala. Three hundred and sixty participants were studied prospectively for associated fac- tors using a multivariate logistic regression model and 4732 files were studied retrospectively for the prevalence of infertility. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of couple infertility was 19.2%. In logistic models, the factors which independently increased the risk of couple infertility were a history of reproductive tract infection/STI, a history of uterine fibroids, a history of dys- menorrhea and abortion for the females while for males it was a history of mumps, erectile dysfunction and exposure to chemicals/toxic substances/pesticides. Conclusion: One in every five couples in this study was infertile. Several factors affect the risks associated with couple in- fertility. The identification of these factors could help detect subgroups of couples at high risk of infertility. Reproductive health education, screening programmes for STI’s that may lead to infertility should be offered to couples. Keywords: Couple infertility; prevalence; associated factors; Douala; Cameroon.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND THERAPEUTIC RESPONSES OF CHRONIC BRUCELLOSIS IN CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-229
Author(s):  
A. A. Maruf ◽  
F. Yasmin ◽  
F. Yeasmin ◽  
M. N. Alam ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Therapeutic Responses ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Background: Sero-molecular methods have been used for the study on the prevalence and economic impact of brucellosis in Bangladesh. The physio-pathological effects and therapeutic trials against brucellosis in animals or humans could not be traced in the available inland literature. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence and haemato-biochemical and therapeutic responses in Brucella-infected dairy crossbred cows. Materials and Methods: Sera samples of 552 cross-bred dairy cows of Military Dairy Farm, Jessore and smallholder dairy farms of Sirajgonj and Dhaka were initially screened for Brucella infection with Rapid kit test (RKT) and Rose Bengal test (RBT) and positive samples were tested further with ELISA and PCR for confirmatory diagnosis during the period from January 2018 to June 2019. Out of 11 all tests positive cows, of which four had history of abortion were selected for therapeutic trials with combined long acting oxytetracycline @ 25 mg/kg BW 16 doses at 72 hours intervals and streptomycin @ 25 mg / kg BW 10 doses at 24 hours interval injections. Blood samples of all the Brucella negative control and pre- and post-treatment stages of all the Brucella-infected cows were tested for haemato-biochemical changes and Brucella antibody responses by using ELISA and PCR. Results: Of the 552 sera screened for Brucella infection, of which 18 (3.26%) cows were found positive with the RKT, RBPT and ELISA, whereas only 11 (1.99%) samples showed positive with PCR. The haemato-biochemical values between Brucella-negative and positive cows and antibiotic pre-treated and post-treated values of Brucella-infected cows were compared and discussed. The antibody titer decreased with antibiotic treatment and increased on with-drawl of the antibiotic at 180 days which indicates that antibiotics only effective against bacteremic form not intracellular stage that caused to relapse. However, of the four treated cows, one became pregnant on artificial insemination with normal reproductive cycle which needs to explore its status in further research. Conclusions: The haemato-biochemical values in cows affected with sub-clinical brucellosis can determine the extent of harmful effects on the health of cows. Therapy with multiple antibiotics for long period, absence of effective vaccines and the most expensive quarantine and ‘test and slaughter’ methods, brucellosis remains as a challenge for its control and eradication in developing world. Human patients affected with brucellosis is treated with antibiotics with overall neglecting the animal reservoir of Brucella infection, therefore ‘One Health’ approach would be required to control this disease.

scholarly journals Bioflavonoid-Induced Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Amastigotes and Promastigotes of Leishmania donovani: Deciphering the Mode of Action

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5843
Author(s):  
Shaila Mehwish ◽  
Sanjay Varikuti ◽  
Mubarak Ali Khan ◽  
Tariq Khan ◽  
Imdad Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Ic50 Values

Natural products from plants contain many interesting biomolecules. Among them, quercetin (Q), gallic acid (GA), and rutin (R) all have well-reported antileishmanial activity; however, their exact mechanisms of action are still not known. The current study is a step forward towards unveil the possible modes of action of these compounds against Leishmania donovani (the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis). The selected compounds were checked for their mechanisms of action against L. donovani using different biological assays including apoptosis and necrosis evaluation, effects on genetic material (DNA), quantitative testing of nitric oxide production, ultrastructural modification via transmission electron microscopy, and real-time PCR analysis. The results confirmed that these compounds are active against L. donovani, with IC50 values of 84.65 µg/mL, 86 µg/mL, and 98 µg/mL for Q, GA, and R, respectively. These compounds increased nitric oxide production and caused apoptosis and DNA damage, which led to changes in the treated cells’ ultrastructural behavior and finally to the death of L. donovani. These compounds also suppressed essential enzymes like trypanothione reductase and trypanothione synthetase, which are critical for leishmanial survival. The selected compounds have high antileishmanial potentials, and thus in-vivo testing and further screening are highly recommended.

Egg Hypersensitivity and Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Administration

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-917
Author(s):  
Suzanne A. Beck ◽  
Larry W. Williams ◽  
M. Annette Shirrell ◽  
A. Wesley Burks
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Prick Testing ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Intradermal Testing ◽  
Vaccine Administration ◽  
History Of

Because reports have described egg-sensitive individuals in whom anaphylaxis developed after measles vaccination, current recommendations include delaying administration of egg-derived vaccines until skin testing can be performed. Specifically, the 1988 Red Book recommends skin testing via scratch, prick, or puncture with 1:10 dilution of the vaccine and, if the result is negative, intradermal testing is suggested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the likelihood of reaction to measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in patients with documented egg sensitivity and to delineate the efficacy of skin-prick testing (SPT) to MMR as a predictor of hypersensitivity to the vaccine. Egg sensitivity was documented by initial SPT to egg and then, if possible, double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). Patients with a positive DBPCFC to egg or a history of anaphylactic egg sensitivity had a SPT with the MMR vaccine and then were given the MMR vaccine. Additionally, children with atopic dermatitis who had been previously proven egg sensitive via DBPCFCs were evaluated retrospectively for sensitivity to the MMR vaccine. Sixteen children with a history of egg sensitivity underwent SPT to egg, with a positive result 3 mm greater than the negative control found in 12 patients. Eight of these children had a positive DBPCFC to egg. The SPT to MMR vaccine was negative in all 16 children; vaccine administration followed with no resultant systemic problems. Three children had a local reaction at the site of injection. Twelve additional children with atopic dermatitis and egg sensitivity were reviewed. Each child had a positive SPT and DBPCFC to egg. Ten of these children received the MMR vaccine prior to the time that their egg sensitivity was elucidated. Two other children were vaccinated elsewhere after they were documented egg sensitive. All 12 of these children tolerated the vaccine without incident. These results further substantiate the safety of MMR administration in egg-sensitive children and support routine vaccination of children who do not exhibit systemic allergic hypersensitivity to egg. It is suggested that SPT is an adequate screening method for children with anaphylactic egg sensitivity.

scholarly journals HELICHRYSUM LONGIFOLIUM AND HELICHRYSUM PEDUNCULATUM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THEIR MEDICINAL USES, CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
ALFRED MAROYI
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities ◽  
The University

Helichrysum longifolium and Helichrysum pedunculatum have a long history of medicinal use, particularly managing wounds acquired during male circumcision rites in South Africa. There is a need to evaluate the existence of any correlation between the ethnomedicinal applications, the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the species. Therefore, in this review, analyses of the botanical, medicinal, and chemical and biological activities of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum are presented as well as exploring the potential of the two species as important sources of health and pharmaceutical products. Information on the botany, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry and biological activities of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum was assembled from several internet sources which included Scopus, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, and BMC. Additional information was sourced from journal articles, scientific reports, theses, books, and book chapters obtained from the University library. This study showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, linoleic acid, oleic acid, phenol, proanthocyanidin, saponins, and tannins have been identified from the leaves of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum. The pharmacological research showed that H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum extracts and compounds isolated from the species have antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antiprotozoal, and cytotoxicity activities. For local communities to use H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum extracts with confidence as herbal medicines, there is a need for extensive phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Further research is required to establish the safety profiles of different H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum preparations.

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