A Review on the Impact of Herbal Extracts and Essential Oils on Viability of Probiotics in Fermented Milks

Background: Food and herbal extracts rich in Quercetin (QRT) are often self-medicated by diabetics and can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) of Metformin HCl (MET) and Canagliflozin (CNG) leading to food or herb-drug interactions and reduced therapeutic efficacy. However, the impact of these flavonoids on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of MET and CNG is mostly unknown. Methods: A simple one-step protein precipitation method was developed for the determination of MET and CNG from rat plasma. The mobile phase chosen was MeOH 65% and 35% water containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Results: The retention time of MET, internal standard (Valsartan) and CNG was 1.83, 6.2 and 8.2 min, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 200 - 8000 ng/mL for CNG and 100 = 4000 ng/ml for MET. Precision and accuracy of the method were below 20% at LLOQ and below 15% for LQC, MQC, and HQC. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied for the determination of PK of MET and CNG by using 100 μL of rat plasma. QRT co-administration affects the PK parameters of MET and CNG. This alteration in PK parameters might be of significant use for clinicians and patients.

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Oil and Flower Production in Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck under Salinity Stress in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084547 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4547

Author(s):

Mohamed E. El-Sharnouby ◽

Metwally M. Montaser ◽

Sliai M. Abdallah

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Flower Production ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

The Impact ◽

Tolerance To Salinity

The flower industry depends on oil and fragrance, which is addressed in the current work. Different concentrations of NaCl (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) were applied to Taif rose plants (Rosa damascena var. trigintipetala Dieck) to evaluate their effects on growth and essential oil content. Results clearly indicated the highest survival percentage (98.3%) was seen in untreated plants compared to plants under salinity stress. Moreover, increasing the NaCl levels induced an adverse effect on the growth parameters of Taif rose plants, while some essential oil contents were increased to the maximum degree of their tolerance to salinity stress. The extracted essential oils were analyzed using GC/MS. The essential oils of Taif rose plants treated with 500 ppm NaCl recorded the highest values of citronellol, geraniol and phenylethyl alcohol contents (16.56, 8.67 and 9.87%), respectively. NaCl at 250 ppm produced the highest values of heneicosane (13.12%), and then decreased to the lowest value (7.79%) with the increase of NaCl to 1500 NaCl, compared to the control and other NaCl levels. The current results could highlight the impact of salinity stress on Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck for better economic and industrial applications.

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67 Current Status and Future Prospective of the Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds in Dairy and Beef Cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 132-132

Author(s):

Sergio Calsamiglia ◽

Maria Rodriguez-Prado ◽

Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren ◽

Lorena Castillejos

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Production Performance ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Current Status ◽

The Impact

Abstract In the last 20 years there has been extensive in vitro research on the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rumen microbial fermentation. The main objectives have been to improve energy metabolism through a reduction in methane emissions and an increase in propionate production; and to improve protein metabolism by reducing proteolysis and deamination. While the positive results from in vitro studies has stimulated the release of commercial products based on blends of essential oils, there is limited in vivo evidence on the rumen fermentation and production performance effects. A literature search was conducted to select in vivo studies where information on rumen fermentation and animal performance was reported. For dairy cattle, we identified 37 studies of which 21 were adequate to test production performance. Ten studies reported increases and 3 decreases in milk yield. For beef cattle, we identified 20 studies with rumen fermentation profile and 22 with performance data. Average daily gain improved in 7 and decreased in 1 study. Only 1 out of 16 studies reported an improvement in feed efficiency. Data indicate that out of more than 500 products tested in vitro, only around 20 have been tested in vivo in different mixtures and doses. The use of statistical approaches will allow to describe the conditions, doses and responses in dairy and beef cattle performance. The search for postruminal effects offers another alternative use. Evidence for effects on the intestinal and systemic effects on the immune system and antioxidant status (i.e., capsicum, garlic, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde curcuma, catechins, anethol or pinene), and in the modulation of metabolic regulation (capsicum, cinnamaldehyde, curcuma or garlic) may open the opportunity for future applications. However, stability of the product in the GI tract, description of the mechanisms of action and the impact of these changes on performance needs to be further demonstrated.

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An exploratory study of pre-extrusion flavouring: investigation with vitamins, amino acids, essential oils, natural aromas and seasonings

Acta Scientiarum Technology ◽

10.4025/actascitechnol.v43i1.49956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e49956

Author(s):

Leonardo Heleno Milk ◽

Talita Maira Goss Milani ◽

Ana Carolina Conti-Silva

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Expansion Ratio ◽

Second Step ◽

Corn Snacks ◽

The Impact ◽

Lipid Vehicle

Expanded corn snacks are obtained through thermoplastic extrusion and then a lipid vehicle (oil or hydrogenated vegetable fat) is sprinkled on the product, giving the desired flavour. However, this second step called post-extrusion flavouring increases the lipid content and the caloric value of the snack, reasons why these products are highly criticized. Thus, the study of pre-extrusion flavourings is an interesting way of finding corn snacks with better nutritive value. Therefore, we aimed to explore pre-extrusion flavouring using different substances, investigating the odour and flavour on the extrudates and the impact of such substances on their expansion ratio, density, and colour. To do this, vitamins, amino acids, essential oils, natural aromas and seasonings were added to corn grits and extruded. The addition of different substances, especially the essential oils, natural aromas and seasonings, produced odour and flavour in the extrudates, as well as having little negative impact on their physical properties of the extrudates, no impact or even a small positive impact. Therefore, this study provides a range of possibilities to be explored, using pre-extrusion flavouring as a way of reducing the use of lipids and improving the nutritive value of expanded snacks.

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Chemical Composition, Olfactory Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Thymus vulgaris Chemotypes Geraniol, 4-Thujanol/Terpinen-4-ol, Thymol and Linalool Cultivated in Southern France

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200700833 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Erich Schmidt ◽

Jürgen Wanner ◽

Martina Höferl ◽

Leopold Jirovetz ◽

Gerhard Buchbauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Southern France ◽

Food Borne ◽

Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽

Olfactory Analysis ◽

The Impact ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

The essential oils of four chemotypes of Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) were analyzed for their composition and antibacterial activity to assess their different properties. GC-MS and GC-FID analyses revealed that the essentials oils can be classified into the chemotypes thymol (41.0% thymol), geraniol (26.4% geraniol), linalool (72.5% linalool) and 4-thujanol/terpinen-4-ol (42.2% cis- and 7.3% trans-sabinene hydrate, 6.5 % terpinen-4-ol). The olfactory examination confirmed the explicit differences between these chemotypes. Furthermore, antibacterial activity was investigated against several strains of two Gram-positive ( Brochothrix thermosphacta and Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram-negative food-borne bacteria ( Escherichia coli, Salmonella abony, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. fragi). All essential oil samples were demonstrated to be highly effective against Gram-positive strains, whereas the impact on Gramnegative microorganisms was significantly smaller, but still considerable. The results obtained indicate that, despite their different properties, the essential oils of selected T. vulgaris chemotypes are potent antimicrobials to be employed as useful additives in food products as well as for therapeutic applications.

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Comparative Evaluation of Essential Oils from Medicinal-Aromatic Plants of Greece: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Antimicrobial Activity against Bacterial Fish Pathogens

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25010148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thekla I. Anastasiou ◽

Manolis Mandalakis ◽

Nikos Krigas ◽

Thomas Vézignol ◽

Diamanto Lazari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Fish Pathogens ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

The Impact

The administration of antibiotics in aquaculture has raised concern about the impact of their overuse in marine ecosystems, seafood safety and consumers’ health. This “green consumerism” has forced researchers to find new alternatives against fish pathogens. The present study focused on 12 Mediterranean medicinal-aromatic plants as potential antimicrobials and antioxidant agents that could be used in fish aquaculture. In vitro assays showed that the essential oils (EOs) from all studied plants had anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties, with their efficacy being dependent on their chemical composition. More specifically, EOs rich in carvacrol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene exhibited not only the strongest inhibitory activity against the growth of bacterial pathogens (inhibitory concentration: 26–88 μg mL−1), but also the greatest total antioxidant capacity (ABTS: 2591–5879 μmole mL−1; CUPRAC: 931–2733 μmole mL−1). These compounds were mainly found in the EOs from Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum), Spanish oregano (Thymbra capitata) and savoury (Satureja thymbra) collected from cultivations in Greece. The specific EOs stand out as promising candidates for the treatment of bacterial diseases and oxidative stress in farmed fish. Further in vivo experiments are needed to fully understand the effects of EO dietary supplementation on fish farming processes.

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Spontaneous intake of essential oils after a negative postnatal experience has long-term effects on blood transcriptome in chickens

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-77732-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aline Foury ◽

Anne Collin ◽

Jean-Christophe Helbling ◽

Christine Leterrier ◽

Marie-Pierre Moisan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Free Access ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Delayed Group ◽

The Impact ◽

Blood Transcriptome

AbstractChicks subjected to early stressful factors could develop long-lasting effects on their performances, welfare and health. Free access to essential oils (EO) in poultry farming could mitigate these effects and potentially reduce use of antimicrobial drugs. This study on chicken analyzed long-lasting effects of post-hatch adverse conditions (Delayed group), and the impact of EO intake on blood physiological parameters and transcriptome. Half of the Control and Delayed groups had free access to EO, while the other half had only water for the first 13 days post-hatching. Blood analyses of metabolites, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, and mRNA expression showed sex differences. Long-lasting effects of postnatal experience and EO intake persisted in blood transcriptome at D34. The early adverse conditions modified 68 genes in males and 83 genes in females. In Delayed males six transcription factors were over-represented (NFE2L2, MEF2A, FOXI1, Foxd3, Sox2 and TEAD1). In females only one factor was over-represented (PLAG1) and four under-represented (NFIL3, Foxd3, ESR2 and TAL1::TCF3). The genes showing modified expression are involved in oxidative stress, growth, bone metabolism and reproduction. Remarkably, spontaneous EO intake restored the expression levels of some genes affected by the postnatal adverse conditions suggesting a mitigating effect of EO intake.

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The Impact of Selected Essential Oils Applied to Non-Woven Viscose on Bacteria That Cause Lower Urinary Tract Infections—Preliminary Studies

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26226854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 6854

Author(s):

Emilia Frydrysiak ◽

Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska ◽

Krzysztof Śmigielski ◽

Michał Frydrysiak

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Vapor Phase ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Impact ◽

Lower Urinary

Inflammation of the lower urinary tract is a very common problem, which occurs particularly in women. A concept of a biotextronics system for preventive and support treatment of lower urinary tract inflammations was presented. The system includes a non-woven viscose insert for essential oils application. The oils were deposited on the non-woven viscose and incubated in the temperature of 37 °C and served a model for their action in the vapor phase as the element of the biotextronics system. The essential oils used in the research were the following: chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia lavandulaefolia), juniper (Juniperus communis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and mixtures of chamomile oil with oils of each sage species in a 1:1 ratio. The oils were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The best inhibitory effect in vapor phase was noted for chamomile essential oil at the lowest concentration (0.054 µL/cm3). Both mixtures of chamomile and sage acted antagonistically, lowering the antibacterial activity of the individual oils applied solely. Juniper and Salvia officinalis essential oils at the concentrations tested increased the growth of at least one of the bacteria tested. Salvia lavandulaefolia Vahl. essential oil inhibited all bacteria, only at the concentration 0.214 µL/cm3. The thyme oil, at the concentration 0.054 µL/cm3, reduced the growth of all bacterial species tested. Chamomile and thyme essential oils were chosen for further research in the biotextronics pantiliner system.

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