A mini review on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment options for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Rahmani ◽  
Aghigh Ziaeemehr ◽  
Sajede Alijannejad ◽  
Gordon A Ferns ◽  
Majid Khazaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Patient Survival Rate

: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, associated with a high morbidity and mortality, and represents the greatest public health crisis worldwide. Despite recent efforts for developing novel antiviral agents, no specific drugs are approved for management and treatment of COVID-19. The immune responses to viral infection followed by cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome are serious issues that may cause death in patients with severe COVID-19. Therefore, developing a novel therapeutic strategy for management of COVID-19 is urgently needed to control the virus spread and improving patient survival rate and clinical outcomes. In this mini review, we summarize the symptoms, pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches that are currently being used to managing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

Alternative medicine as a treatment options for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Marzan ◽  
Md. Shahedur Rahman ◽  
Md. Abu Hena Mostofa Jamal ◽  
Mohammad Hossain Shariare ◽  
Md. Anowar Khasru Parvez
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
High Infectivity

: COVID-19, a viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the reason of a global pandemic since the starting of the year 2020. The characteristic of the disease varies from mild common cold like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure leading to death. World has already observed 213,453 deaths from this disease while 3,095,839 have been infected in 210 countries in total till 28 April, 2020. This disease has a devastating impact over the health care system because of its high infectivity, easy mode of transmission, lack of proper medicine and vaccine and deficiency of enough supportive healthcare arrangement. On verge of this situation scientists are searching the treatment options. However, nature has provided us with enormous herbs which have disease preventive as well as have medicinal properties. In this article we have reviewed several of these plants (ginger, clove, tea, black seed, tulsi, neem) and some vitamins (vitamin C and vitamin D) and zinc which have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-asthmatic properties with scientific evidence. The intake of these products regularly to keep the immune system active, to experience its positive aspects might be supportive to prevent infection with the new coronavirus or to treat COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Potential Use of Vitamin C to Prevent Kidney Injury in Patients with COVID-19

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Yawei Wen ◽  
Xinge Hu ◽  
Tiannan Wang ◽  
Guoxun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Potential Use

The newly found SARS-CoV-2 has led to the pandemic of COVID-19, which has caused respiratory distress syndrome and even death worldwide. This has become a global public health crisis. Unfortunately, elders and subjects with comorbidities have high mortality rates. One main feature of COVID-19 is the cytokine storm, which can cause damage in cells and tissues including the kidneys. Here, we reviewed the current literature on renal impairments in patients with COVID-19 and analyzed the possible etiology and mechanisms. In addition, we investigated the potential use of vitamin C for the prevention of renal injury in those patients. It appears that vitamin C could be helpful to improve the outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Lastly, we discussed the possible protective effects of vitamin C on renal functions in COVID-19 patients with existing kidney conditions.

scholarly journals Opioids and Infectious Diseases: A Converging Public Health Crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara A Schwetz ◽  
Thomas Calder ◽  
Elana Rosenthal ◽  
Sarah Kattakuzhy ◽  
Anthony S Fauci
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract A converging public health crisis is emerging because the opioid epidemic is fueling a surge in infectious diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection with or without AIDS, the viral hepatitides, infective endocarditis, and skin and soft-tissue infections. An integrated strategy is needed to tailor preventive and therapeutic approaches toward infectious diseases in people who misuse and/or are addicted to opioids and to concurrently address the underlying predisposing factor for the infections—opioid use disorder. This commentary highlights the unique and complementary roles that the infectious diseases and substance use disorder communities can play in addressing this crisis of dual public health concerns.

scholarly journals Human Identical Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 Promote Clinical Progression of COVID-19 by Upregulating Hyaluronan via NamiRNA-Enhancer Network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Dapeng Zhang ◽  
Ying Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Human Genomic ◽  
Hyaluronan Synthase 2 ◽  
Entry Receptor

SUMMARYThe COVID-19 pandemic is a widespread and deadly public health crisis. The pathogen SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the lower respiratory tract and causes fatal pneumonia. Although tremendous efforts have been put into investigating the pathogeny of SARS-CoV-2, the underlying mechanism of how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with its host is largely unexplored. Here, by comparing the genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 and human, we identified five fully conserved elements in SARS-CoV-2 genome, which were termed as “human identical sequences (HIS)”. HIS are also recognized in both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV genome. Meanwhile, HIS-SARS-CoV-2 are highly conserved in the primate. Mechanically, HIS-SARS-CoV-2, behaving as virus-derived miRNAs, directly target to the human genomic loci and further interact with host enhancers to activate the expression of adjacent and distant genes, including cytokines gene and angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), a well-known cell entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, and hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), which further increases hyaluronan formation. Noteworthily, hyaluronan level in plasma of COVID-19 patients is tightly correlated with severity and high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may act as a predictor for the progression of COVID-19. HIS antagomirs, which downregulate hyaluronan level effectively, and 4-Methylumbelliferone (MU), an inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis, are potential drugs to relieve the ARDS related ground-glass pattern in lung for COVID-19 treatment. Our results revealed that unprecedented HIS elements of SARS-CoV-2 contribute to the cytokine storm and ARDS in COVID-19 patients. Thus, blocking HIS-involved activating processes or hyaluronan synthesis directly by 4-MU may be effective strategies to alleviate COVID-19 progression.

Problematic Pornography Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-107
Author(s):  
Emily F. Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Sex Wars ◽  
Compulsive Use

The idea that pornography can be addictive or that people may compulsively use pornography was not a focal point of the so-called sex wars of the 1970s and 1980s. Now the contention that there is an epidemic of problematic pornography use is a pillar of the argument that pornography is a public health crisis. Scholars disagree about whether problematic use is an addiction or is better characterized as a compulsive use disorder. This chapter describes the research evidence about the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of problematic pornography use, discusses treatment options, and encourages collaboration with the networks of people who describe themselves as porn addicted or in recovery from porn addiction.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Current Therapeutic Approaches for COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Soltani ◽  
Amir Mohammad Zakeri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Karimi ◽  
Sara Akhavan Rezayat ◽  
Fateme Zomorodi Anbaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: In December 2019, the pneumonia outbreak reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. WHO introduced a novel coronavirus and the virus named Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in January 2020. There are not any specific antiviral agents for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19). Objective: Our review aimed to discuss treatment options and the efficacy of currently prescribed drugs and supportive care in COVID‐19 patients. Study Design: A literature review of the articles in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE conducted. Results: Lopinavir/ritonavir combination was the most frequently used drug, followed by Arbidol and Oseltamivir and Methylprednisolone. Lopinavir/Ritonavir outcome showed the fever and respiratory infection improve in day two and day eight, respectively. Also, negative PCR of SARS‐CoV‐2 in days six and 7day was seen and finally these patients discharged in 10 days. Conclusions: Lopinavir/Ritonavir was the most improving administrated antiviral combination, which might be a good option for COVID-19 due to its availability. Although supportive care such as O2 supplementary and IV fluid therapy has improved outcomes. There are not evidence for suggesting a new treatment or a new drug, which mean the necessity of further investigations for drug research in a clinical trial for a conclusion about the optimum treatment.

scholarly journals A review on the SARS-CoV-2 mediated global pandemic: proximal origin, pathogenicity and therapeutic approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumi Chatterjee ◽  
Bikram Dhara ◽  
Dattatreya Mukherjee ◽  
Arup Kumar Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Viral Outbreak

The world is amidst a public health crisis as the pandemic has shook us to the core. The COVID-19 caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 is of zoonotic origin and this tries to explain what could have been the possible proximal origins for the disease in humans. Our review aims at addressing the question like what structural or genomic vicissitude enabled the viral outbreak across genera and so efficiently infect the human populace across the globe. We also try to discuss the prospect of drug repurposing and scope for vaccine development considering the rapid genome modification of the virus. Another finding lies into the action of pre-existing drugs when they are applied in combination and probably that shades some light on the therapeutic approaches. Several investigation have been performed but we are still in search of a novel antiviral drug. With that vision, our focus shifted on the evaluation of existing drugs with positive response against the novel corona virus. We also try discussing certain trends including increased immunity to the disease in the population from a particular geographical area.

scholarly journals Molecular and Immune Biomarkers in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 1719-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Luiza Capelozzi ◽  
Timothy Craig Allen ◽  
Mary Beth Beasley ◽  
Philip T. Cagle ◽  
Don Guinee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Immune Biomarkers

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a multifactorial syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates, characterized by deficiency in gas exchange and lung mechanics that lead to hypoxemia, dyspnea, and respiratory failure. Histologically, ARDS is characterized by an acute, exudative phase, combining diffuse alveolar damage and noncardiogenic edema, followed by a later fibroproliferative phase. Despite an enhanced understanding of ARDS pathogenesis, the capacity to predict the development of ARDS and to risk-stratify patients with the disease remains limited. Biomarkers may help to identify patients at the greatest risk of developing ARDS, to evaluate response to therapy, to predict outcome, and to improve clinical trials. The ARDS pathogenesis is presented in this article, as well as concepts and information on biomarkers that are currently used clinically or are available for laboratory use by academic and practicing pathologists and the developing and validating of new assays, focusing on the assays' major biologic roles in lung injury and/or repair and to ultimately suggest innovative, therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Potent Antiviral Activities of Type I Interferons to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Mantlo ◽  
Natalya Bukreyeva ◽  
Junki Maruyama ◽  
Slobodan Paessler ◽  
Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Antiviral Activities

AbstractThe historical outbreak of COVID-19 disease not only constitutes a global public health crisis, but also has a devastating social and economic impact. The disease is caused by a newly identified coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an urgent need to identify antivirals to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we report the remarkable sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to recombinant human interferons α and β (IFNα/β). Treatment with IFN-α or IFN-β at a concentration of 50 international units (IU) per milliliter drastically reduce viral titers by 3.4 log or 4.5 log, respectively in Vero cells. The EC50 of IFN-α and IFN-β treatment is 1.35 IU/ml and 0.76 IU/ml, respectively, in Vero cells. These results suggested that SARS-CoV-2 is more sensitive to many other human pathogenic viruses, including the SARS-CoV. Overall, our results demonstrate the potent efficacy of human Type I IFN in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication, a finding which could inform future treatment options for COVID-19.

Gestational Diabetes and Its Impact on the Neonate

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Common Medical Condition ◽  
The Impact

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a relatively common medical condition that was described as early as the nineteenth century. This article discusses the maternal and fetal pathophysiology and the impact of the maternal condition on the neonate. Fetal macrosomia and infant respiratory distress syndrome, cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, polycythemia, and hyperviscosity all can occur as a result of maternal hyperglycemia and are discussed in detail. Therapeutic approaches and treatment options for the mother, manifestations and diagnosis of the infant, and current research related to this condition are also included.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document