Effect of Diets with Different Lipid’s Sources On Serum and Brain Fatty Acids Profile: Experimental Model

Background: The importance of diet in health is widely accepted and recognized. Diet lipid profile is important to prevent chronic diseases and improve the quality of an individual’s life. Objective: The objective of this report is to analyze the effect of different sources of dietary lipids with standard and high concentration on growing rats. Methods: Experimental diets contained 15 or 42% kcal of fat, provided by butter (B), olive oil (O), high oleic sunflower oil (HO), and sunflower oil (S). Control diet (C) was normocaloric with 15% kcal of fat provided by soy oil. All diets were complete in the other nutrients according to AIN 1993 and were administered for 40 days. Results: Daily intake was similar in all groups. The administration of these diets provoked changes in serum fatty acid profile in response to the different sources of dietary lipids used; no changes were observed in the brain´s fatty acids. Conclusion: These results would suggest that the organism tries first to supply the brain´s fatty acid needs at the expense of its modification in serum..

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Inclusion of rapeseed and pumpkin seed cakes in diets for Murciano-Granadina goats alters the fatty acid profile of milk

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v51i2.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 262-270

Author(s):

I.M. Boldea ◽

C. Dragomir ◽

M.A. Gras ◽

M. Ropotă

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Pumpkin Seed ◽

Lactating Goats

The objective of this research was to assess the effects of including oil-rich feedstuffs in diets for lactating goats on the fatty acid (FA) profile of their milk. Thirty-six Murciano-Granadina goats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, namely a control diet (CTRL), a diet based on whole rapeseed (RS), and a diet based on pumpkin seed cake (PSC). The diets were composed of 1 kg hay (70 % Italian ryegrass, 30% alfalfa) and 1.24 kg concentrate, and were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Milk yield and its contents of protein, fat and lactose did not differ significantly among the groups. However, including oil-rich feeds in the diet altered the fatty acid profile of the milk significantly, decreasing its saturated fatty acid (SFA) content and increasing its content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Effects on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and the n-6 to n-3 ratio depended on the source of dietary lipids. The PSC augmented diet increased the relative amount of PUFAs and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in milk (+25 %) significantly In comparison with CTRL, whereas the RS diet produced a limited and statistically insignificant increase (+7.5%). The concentration of CLA was higher in milk from does fed the PSC diet, whereas the n-6 to n-3 ratio was lower in milk from does fed RS. These preliminary results form the basis for developing premium dairy products that are enriched in fatty acids that are more favourable for human health.

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Response of ApoA-IV in pigs to long-term increased dietary oil intake and to the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20041266 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 763-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

María A. Navarro ◽

Sergio Acín ◽

Ricardo Carnicer ◽

Mario A. Guzmán-García ◽

José M. Arbonés-Mainar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

Degree Of Saturation ◽

Plasma Lipoproteins ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Hepatic Expression

ApoA-IV is a protein constituent of HDL particles; the gene coding for it is a member of the ApoA-I–ApoC-III–ApoA-IV cluster. To investigate the effects of the quantity and the degree of saturation of dietary lipid on the long-term response of this Apo, and on the hypothetical coordinated regulation of the cluster in vivo, pigs were fed isoenergetic, cholesterol-free, low-lipid or lipid-enriched diets (containing either extra olive oil (rich in MUFA) or sunflower oil (rich in n−6 PUFA)) for 42 d. In animals fed on the control diet, ApoA-IV was mainly associated with plasma lipoproteins. An increase in plasma ApoA-IV concentration, mainly in the lipoprotein-free fraction, was induced by the lipid-enriched diets, independent of the degree of saturation of the fatty acids involved. The latter diets also led to increases in hepatic ApoA-I, ApoA-IV and ApoC-III mRNA levels, more so with the sunflower oil-rich diet. The present results show that porcine plasma ApoA-IV levels and their association with lipoproteins are very sensitive to increases in dietary lipids, independent of the degree of fatty acid saturation. Furthermore, hepatic expression of RNA appears to be coordinated along with that of the other members of the gene cluster.

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Rumen biohydrogenation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effects on microbial efficiency and nutrient digestibility in sheep

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859699008370 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 135 (4) ◽

pp. 419-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

A. M. WACHIRA ◽

L. A. SINCLAIR ◽

R. G. WILKINSON ◽

K. HALLETT ◽

M. ENSER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Control Diet ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Microbial Efficiency ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Different Sources

The study examined the extent to which n-3 PUFA from different sources were biohydrogenated in the rumen and their effects on rumen microbial efficiency and whole tract nutrient digestibility. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated wether lambs were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets based on dried grass were formulated to provide similar fat levels (60g/kg DM) from different sources; Megalac (palmitic acid: C16:0; Control), whole linseed (α-linolenic acid, C18:3n-3 ; Linseed) fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid, C20:5n-3, EPA and docosahexaenoic acids C22:6n-3, DHA; Fish oil) and whole linseed plus fish oil providing equal amounts of oil (LinFish). Diets were offered at a rate of 1·2kg/day in 12 equal portions.Total fatty acid intake was similar on all diets whilst duodenal fatty acid flow varied between 101, 94, 87 and 90% of dietary intake for animals fed the Control, Linseed, Fish oil and Linfish diets respectively. Duodenal flow of C18:3 n-3 in animals fed the Linseed diet was twice that of animals fed the Control diet (P < 0·01) whilst animals fed the Fish oil diet had a significantly greater flow of EPA and DHA than those fed any of the other dietary treatments. Duodenal flow of trans C18:1 in animals fed the Linfish diet was significantly greater than that in animals fed either Linseed, Fish oil or Control diets (P < 0·001). Biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3 was 80 to 93% in all diets whilst that of C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 was 72 to 79% in diets that contained fish oil or linseed and fish oil. Apparent fatty acid digestibility (duodenum to rectum) tended to be greater for unsaturated than saturated fatty acids whilst whole tract fatty acid digestibility (mouth to rectum) was significantly greater in animals fed diets containing fish oil (P0·05). All dietary n-3 PUFA sources decreased microbial protein synthesis and efficiency when expressed as either gN/kg organic matter (OM) apparently or truly degraded in the rumen. Additionally, the inclusion of fish oil increased the proportion of propionate in the rumen whilst depressing the rumen digestibility of OM and fibre (P < 0·01), but had no significant effect on whole tract OM or fibre digestibility.

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Effects of the use of soybean oil and animal fat in the diet of laying hens on production performance and egg quality

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542011000500018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 995-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniela Duarte de Oliveira ◽

Nelson Carneiro Baião ◽

Silvana de Vasconcelos Cançado ◽

Benedito Lemos de Oliveira ◽

Ângela Maria Quintão Lana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Beef Tallow ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

Production Performance ◽

Egg Yolks

The effects of different dietary lipids on the fatty acid profiles of eggs produced by 20 and 54 wk old Dekalb laying hens were investigated. Laying hens were subjected to three defined treatments according to the source of lipid added to their diets: soybean oil, beef tallow, and a control diet (without the addition of oil). The experimental design was in a 3x2 factorial arrangement (three treatments and two different ages). The fatty acid composition of the yolks in the eggs produced by the laying hens was analyzed. The eggs produced by laying hens on the soybean oil diet had a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) in their yolks (23.55, 2.30% respectively), whereas egg yolks from hens who were given beef tallow had higher percentages of monounsaturated fatty acids (47.53%) compared to soybean oil (47.53%) and the control diet (38.72%). The percentages of trans fats present in the egg yolks in all treatments were considered very low (0.91; 0,11; 0.05%). Young layers are more efficient at depositing n-3 fatty acids (1.40%), specially C22:6 (0.76%) with the best ratio n6:n-3 (13.97) compared to old layers (1.35; 0.72; 14.81% respectively). Based on these results, it was concluded that the amount of fatty acids present in the egg yolks can be modified by the sources of lipids included in the diet and that independent of the sources of lipid in the diet and the age of the chicken, egg yolks have insignificant amounts of trans fatty acids.

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Inclusion of Sunflower Oil in the Bovine Diet Improves Milk Nutritional Profile

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11020481 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 481 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Márcia Salles ◽

Léa D’Abreu ◽

Luiz Júnior ◽

Marcelo César ◽

Judite Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Control Diet ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽

Organic Selenium

Milk and its derivatives are important foods that contribute to daily nutrient requirements and improve consumers’ health. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing the diet of lactating dairy cows with sunflower oil (SFO), selenium, and vitamin E on the milk’s fatty acid profile and fat oxidative stability as well as the acceptability of the milk by consumers. For this purpose, 32 Jersey dairy cows were allocated to four treatment groups for 60 days, as follows: C (control diet); A (3.5 mg/kg DM (dry matter) organic selenium + 2000 IU vitamin E/cow per day); O (4% SFO DM); OA (equal doses of A and O treatments). The inclusion of SFO decreased the contents of 10:0, 10:1, 11:0, 12:0, 12:1, 14:0, and 9c-14:1 fatty acids as well as odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (13:0, iso 13:0, anteiso 13:0, 15:0, iso 15:0, and 17:0). There was also a tendency for 8:0 and 16:0 fatty acid concentrations to decrease when SFO was included in the cows´ diet. SFO decreased the concentration of 10:0 to 15:0 fatty acids in milk. The sum of the conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), conjugated alpha-linolenic acid intermediates (CLnAs; 18:3 ω6 + 18:3 ω3), and 22:0 fatty acids in milk tended to increase, and there were significant increases in 18:0 and 9c11t-18:2 with SFO. In terms of the effects of SFO on the health-related lipid indices, the atherogenicity index tended to decrease and h/H tended to increase. When cows were supplemented with antioxidants, the concentration of 20:2 fatty acids decreased, the 6 + 7 + 8 + 9t-18:1, 16t-18:1, 20:0, 22:2, and 24:0 fatty acid concentrations increased, and there was a trend for the 22:1 ω9 fatty acid concentration to increase with antioxidants plus oil. There was a tendency for ω6 fatty acids and ω6/ω3 to increase with milk treated with antioxidants plus oil. The oxidative stability of milk was not influenced by the presence of SFO or antioxidants in the diet of dairy cows. Consumers desired the color and mouthfeel of the milk that was treated with SFO. Cows fed with 4% sunflower oil produced milk with an improved fatty acid profile for human nutrition, containing a higher CLA content and an improved ratio of hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids, without increasing the milk’s susceptibility to oxidation. The milk was also rated as being more acceptable by consumers.

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Identification and quantification of dicarboxylic fatty acids in head tissue of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

European Food Research and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00217-021-03747-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katja Lehnert ◽

Mamun M. Rashid ◽

Benoy Kumar Barman ◽

Walter Vetter

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Low Income ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Human Consumption ◽

The European Union

AbstractNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was grown in Bangladesh with four different feeding treatments as part of a project that aims to produce fish in a cost-effective way for low-income consumers in developing countries. Fillet and head tissue was analysed because both tissues were destined for human consumption. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of transesterified fatty acid methyl ester extracts indicated the presence of ~ 50 fatty acids. Major fatty acids in fillet and head tissue were palmitic acid and oleic acid. Both linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids with three or more double bonds were presented in quantities > 10% of total fatty acids in fillet, but lower in head tissue. Erucic acid levels were below the newly proposed tolerable daily intake in the European Union, based on the consumption of 200 g fillet per day. Moreover, further analysis produced evidence for the presence of the dicarboxylic fatty acid azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid, Di9:0) in head tissue. To verify this uncommon finding, countercurrent chromatography was used to isolate Di9:0 and other dicarboxylic acids from a technical standard followed by its quantification. Di9:0 contributed to 0.4–1.3% of the fatty acid profile in head tissue, but was not detected in fillet. Fish fed with increasing quantities of flaxseed indicated that linoleic acid was the likely precursor of Di9:0 in the head tissue samples.

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THE HYDROLYSIS OF MONOPHOSPHOINOSITIDE BY EXTRACTS OF BRAIN

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o67-095 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 853-861 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

W. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Calcium Ions ◽

Brain Extract ◽

Monovalent Cations ◽

High Concentration ◽

Diffusible Factor ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

The Brain ◽

Long Chain

The hydrolysis of monophosphoinositide by soluble extracts from rat brain is described. Diglyceride and inositol monophosphate are liberated along with a small amount of free fatty acids. Hydrolysis of the lipid is optimal at pH 5.4 in acetate buffer. The reaction is stimulated by calcium ions or by high concentration of monovalent cations and, to a less extent, by long-chain cationic amphipathic compounds. Enzyme activity is lost on dialysis of the brain extract and can be restored by diffusible factor(s). Some differences in the conditions for hydrolysis of mono- and tri-phosphoinositides are noted.

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Fatty acid composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle in crossbred steers fed different sources of fatty acids

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982012000700021 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 1706-1712 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriela Aferri ◽

Paulo Roberto Leme ◽

Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira ◽

Saulo da Luz e Silva ◽

Soraia Marques Putrino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Dorsi Muscle ◽

Different Sources

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Response to important considerations when assessing the effect of essential fatty acids on cognitive performance

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-020-00620-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xue Dong ◽

Dongfeng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

And Control ◽

Different Sources

Abstract In this letter, we respond to the comments raised by Visaria et al. in their letter to the editor about the publication “Association of dietary ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids intake with cognitive performance in older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014”. We have further adjusted for some key covariates as the authors mentioned in the letter and performed sensitivity analysis by excluding vegetarians considering the bioavailability of fatty acids from different sources. In conclusion, the results were basically consistent with our previous results, which showed that the results were stable and reliable. We hope that our study could be helpful in further studies delineating the various intricacies of fatty acid nutrition and metabolism and control for covariates.

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