scholarly journals History and Use of Wood Pyrolysis Liquids as Biocide and Plant Protection Product

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Tiilikkala ◽  
Leena Fagernäs ◽  
Jasse Tiilikkala
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Pyrolysis Liquids

Archeological studies have found that pyrolysis liquids were already used in the time of the Neanderthal. Wood vinegar and other slow pyrolysis liquids are produced as a by-product of charcoal production. However, future business ideas may be the other way round as pyrolysis liquids may replace synthetic chemicals in the form of pesticides and biocides. Directives and regulations related to the sustainable use of pesticides govern and direct plant protection strategies towards a lower use of synthetic chemicals. It is hoped that many mega trends of global policies will boost the use of plant based products given that a reduced reliance on fossil fuel is a general target in the global food and feed production economy. Pyrolysis technology has been actively studied and developed around the world and is linked to the development of the knowledge based bio-economy. The importance and social impact of pyrolysis technologies will also be enhanced because it is a practicable technique in the sustainable use of wastes and biomasses. However, very little scientific evidence is available to support efficacy claims of wood vinegar and toxicology assessments of the products used. Wood tar has been investigated a bit more thoroughly. The aim of this review was to clarify the potential of slow pyrolysis liquids in agricultural use, in particular, in pesticide applications. In addition, some of the main challenges in developing novel bio control technologies are discussed and the barriers in the commercialization of biological control agents are revealed.

scholarly journals Basic and low-risk substances under European Union pesticide regulations: a new choice for biorational portfolios of small and medium-sized enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice A. Marchand
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Basic Substance ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
First Results ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 established a framework for Community action to bring about the sustainable use of pesticides and encourage low concern biorationals. Basic substances described in article 23 of EC phytopharmaceutical Regulation No 1107/2009 consist of a new operative category for crop protection products with 16 substances approved so far. Another status, ruled by article 22 is also operative with 11 approved low-risk substances (see EU pesticide database). Now small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have the opportunity to register biorationals at the EU level in one of the two categories. Our institute previously provided technical expertise on how to complete the Basic Substance Application (BSA), together with a description of first results. However it is clear that there is a need for a shorter survey of the two parallel procedures for SMEs. Here we provide a concise sequence of the necessary steps for SMEs, including strategic approach, a rapid steps description, a timeframe for the global pathway, up to the final step, after approval by the Plants, Animals, Food and Feed Standing Committee (PAFF). We present in detail the advantages and limitations of the two statutes. The introduction of approved substances into organic farming is also discussed. Currently basic and low-risk substance pathways are now accessible for biorationals handled by SMEs. Therefore, the option is open for SMEs to seek a possibly low-risk active substances endorsement with market authorizations or a basic substance approval with no plant protection product claims depending on the selected strategy.

scholarly journals Pre-Treatment of Furniture Waste for Smokeless Charcoal Production

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3188
Author(s):  
Paweł Kazimierski ◽  
Paulina Hercel ◽  
Katarzyna Januszewicz ◽  
Dariusz Kardaś
Keyword(s):  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis

The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using furniture waste for smokeless fuel production using the pyrolysis process. Four types of wood-based wastes were used in the pyrolysis process: pine sawdust (PS), chipboard (CB), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and oriented strand board (OSB). Additionally, the slow and fast types of pyrolysis were compared, where the heating rates were 15 °C/min and 100 °C/min, respectively. Chemical analyses of the raw materials and the pyrolysis product yields are presented. A significant calorific value rise was observed for the solid pyrolysis products (from approximately 17.5 MJ/kg for raw materials up to approximately 29 MJ/kg for slow pyrolysis products and 31 MJ/kg for fast pyrolysis products). A higher carbon content of char was observed in raw materials (from approximately 48% for raw materials up to approximately 75% for slow pyrolysis products and approximately 82% for fast pyrolysis products) than after the pyrolysis process. This work presents the possibility of utilizing waste furniture material that is mostly composed of wood, but is not commonly used as a substrate for conversion into low-emission fuel. The results prove that the proposed solution produced char characterized by the appropriate properties to be classified as smokeless coal.

scholarly journals Potential Industrial Applications and Commercialization of Microalgae in the Functional Food and Feed Industries: A Short Review

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele Camacho ◽  
Angela Macedo ◽  
Francisco Malcata
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Food And Feed

Bioactive compounds, e.g., protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals, found in commercial form of microalgal biomass (e.g., powder, flour, liquid, oil, tablet, or capsule forms) may play important roles in functional food (e.g., dairy products, desserts, pastas, oil-derivatives, or supplements) or feed (for cattle, poultry, shellfish, and fish) with favorable outcomes upon human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects, as well as prevention of gastric ulcers, constipation, anemia, diabetes, and hypertension. However, scale up remains a major challenge before commercial competitiveness is attained. Notwithstanding the odds, a few companies have already overcome market constraints, and are successfully selling extracts of microalgae as colorant, or supplement for food and feed industries. Strong scientific evidence of probiotic roles of microalgae in humans is still lacking, while scarce studies have concluded on probiotic activity in marine animals upon ingestion. Limitations in culture harvesting and shelf life extension have indeed constrained commercial viability. There are, however, scattered pieces of evidence that microalgae play prebiotic roles, owing to their richness in oligosaccharides—hardly fermented by other members of the intestinal microbiota, or digested throughout the gastrointestinal tract of humans/animals for that matter. However, consistent applications exist only in the dairy industry and aquaculture. Despite the underlying potential in formulation of functional food/feed, extensive research and development efforts are still required before microalgae at large become a commercial reality in food and feed formulation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Slow Pyrolysis Wood Vinegar and Tar from Banana Wastes Biomass as Potential Organic Pesticides

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Omulo ◽  
Sarah Willett ◽  
Jeffrey Seay ◽  
Noble Banadda ◽  
Isa Kabenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Organic Pesticides ◽  
Banana Wastes

Slow pyrolysis process has been used in the recent past to yield wood vinegar from various biomass wastes with a quest to investigate their chemical composition and possible uses. This study utilizes the abundant banana wastes in Uganda including leaves, pseudostem and peels (mpologoma, kisansa and kibuzi species) in the slow pyrolysis process to yield vinegar, tar and biochar. Characterization of these banana wastes’ vinegar and tar fractions were investigated via chromatographic and physicochemical analysis. The principle compounds present in the banana wastes vinegar and tar as per percentage peak areas were acids (68.6%), alcohols (62.5%), ketones (27.6%), phenols (25.7%) and furans (21.8%). The products characterization indicate that vinegar and tar contain compounds that can be used as pesticides, termiticide, fungicides, insect repellants, anti-leaching and soil degradation agents. Thus wood vinegar and tar can have sustainable impacts on agricultural sectors and chemical industries especially for developing countries.

scholarly journals NUTRITIVE POTENTIAL OF SOTOL (Dasylirion cedrosanum) SEEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Martha M. Orozco-Sifuentes ◽  
J. Eduardo García-Martínez ◽  
Carlos A. Arévalo-Sanmiguel ◽  
Francisca Ramírez-Godina ◽  
M. Humberto Reyes-Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Group D

Agriculture in the 21th century faces the challenge of sustainable food production in a scenario of climate change. While highly caloric processed foods increase, there is a deficiency of micronutrients, fiber and good quality protein. Sustainable use of plants with wide adaptation to harsh environments can help to improve human diet. A remarkable genus for its wide adaptation, mainly in arid lands, is Dasylirion. It comprises a group of plants commonly called sotoles, broadly distributed in arid zones of Mexico and Southern United States. The use of this wild, albeit cultivable plant, is mainly for production of an alcoholic spirit called sotol. The study of the nutritional content of Dasylirion seeds can give an added use to this genus. The purpose of this research was to assess the nutritional quality of the seeds of an abundant species of this group, D. cedrosanum. Bromatological and mineral analyses were performed in populations from the states of Coahuila and Zacatecas, in Mexico. Samples were taken from three locations, with the harvest of the seeds three plants per site and triplicate determinations with whole wheat flour control. The sotol flour had higher protein content (27.7 %), 7 times more fat (18.4 %) and 10 times more fiber (16.2 %) than wheat flour. Additionally, sotol flour had 35 times more Ca, six times more Fe and three times more Zn and Cu than wheat flour. Although these remarkable nutritional parameters were consistent across locations, the Buenavista site plants showed the highest nutritional values. These results indicate that sotol seeds have a good potential as food and feed for humans, cattle and poultry.

scholarly journals The role of insects in the spreading of pathogens and development of diseases on sunflower in the Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02025
Author(s):  
Maria Iwebor ◽  
Sergey Frolov ◽  
Irina Frolova ◽  
Olga Shabaldas ◽  
Maria Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Plant Protection System

The insects play a major role in the spreading of pathogens and the development of diseases on sunflower in the Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation. We established connections between the most common insects and phytopathogenic microorganisms. The main components of an integrated plant protection system are considered. When deciding on the usage of insecticides it is necessary to take into account not only direct, but also indirect insect damage (the development of plant diseases after damage, and as a result, a yield decrease, contamination of food and feed with dangerous mycotoxins).

scholarly journals Spices and Seasoning Mixes in European Union—Innovations and Ensuring Safety

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Maria Śmiechowska ◽  
Joanna Newerli-Guz ◽  
Magdalena Skotnicka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Home Cooking ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Eu

Spices are an important group of food products of great importance in nutrition and food technology. They are mainly used to shape the sensory properties of food in gastronomy, in home cooking, and in industry. Ensuring quality and safety is one of the basic tasks of spice producers. The aim of this review is to present the threats to the consumer related to the presence of spices and seasoning mixes in the diet. Therefore, special attention was paid to such risks as excess sodium chloride (and sodium) in spice mixtures, the use of additives influencing the sensory experience, and irregularities in the labeling of spices and seasoning mixes for the presence of additives and allergens. The threats regarding microbiological safety and the presence of heavy metals, pesticides, plant protection products, as well as synthetic fertilizers and undeclared additives are also presented and the issue of adulteration and lack of authenticity of spices and spice mixtures is discussed. Using data from IJHARS planned inspections and notifications registered in the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) for 2015–2019, as well as the results of own research, an analysis of the risks caused by herbs and spices was carried out. Strategic activities of companies producing spices focus, among others, on improving production and expanding the commercial offer with new, attractive products. The article reviews product and process innovations in spice mixes and the methods of ensuring safety in this group of food products.

Scientific Evidence-Based Teacher Education and Social Impact

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ramón Flecha Garcia ◽  
Esther Roca Campos ◽  
Garazi Lopez de Aguileta
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based

scholarly journals Born to Eat Wild: An Integrated Conservation Approach to Secure Wild Food Plants for Food Security and Nutrition

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Borelli ◽  
Danny Hunter ◽  
Bronwen Powell ◽  
Tiziana Ulian ◽  
Efisio Mattana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Food Plants ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Integrated Conservation

Overlooked in national reports and in conservation programs, wild food plants (WFPs) have been a vital component of food and nutrition security for centuries. Recently, several countries have reported on the widespread and regular consumption of WFPs, particularly by rural and indigenous communities but also in urban contexts. They are reported as critical for livelihood resilience and for providing essential micronutrients to people enduring food shortages or other emergency situations. However, threats derived from changes in land use and climate, overexploitation and urbanization are reducing the availability of these biological resources in the wild and contributing to the loss of traditional knowledge associated with their use. Meanwhile, few policy measures are in place explicitly targeting their conservation and sustainable use. This can be partially attributed to a lack of scientific evidence and awareness among policymakers and relevant stakeholders of the untapped potential of WFPs, accompanied by market and non-market barriers limiting their use. This paper reviews recent efforts being undertaken in several countries to build evidence of the importance of WFPs, while providing examples of cross-sectoral cooperation and multi-stakeholder approaches that are contributing to advance their conservation and sustainable use. An integrated conservation approach is proposed contributing to secure their availability for future generations.

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