scholarly journals Photocatalytic Membranes in Degradation of Organic Molecules

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-56
Author(s):  
G. Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Membrane Fabrication ◽  
Degradation Of Dyes

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a technology widely applied to water purification and wastewater treatment under ultraviolet (UV) or even sunlight irradiation for the removal of a variety of environmental pollutants into harmless species. Application of membrane for immobilization of semiconductors and their suitability in photocatalytic degradation of dyes have recently been developed. Integration of photocatalysis with membrane processes significantly improve the membrane separation performance with reducing membrane fouling and improving permeate quality. This paper reviews recent progress in the photocatalytic membranes for wastewater treatment and water purification with an emphasis on the type of membranes, membrane fabrication, and applications in pollutant removal.

scholarly journals Design of Portable Hybrid Constructed Wetland Reactor for the Treatment of Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Swapnil Hiwrale
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
General Term ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
The Way

The idea of the project is predicated on the methodology of preventing the wastewater and the way to form the water pure by using various techniques to form water purification. Nowadays the matter of water shortage increases especially we face the water problem in summer seasons only. we are designing and portable hybrid water solution for the treatment of wastewater during this study, pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs) and multistage horizontal subsurface flow CWs (HF CWs) are studied and compared for the treatment of raw urban wastewater. Additionally, the sand became clogged, while the mulch failed to. The effect of water height on the average pollutant removal wasn't determined but HF10 performed better regarding compliance with legal regulations. With this idea of the project, we could see how we will purify the wastewater and the way much we can see the index of the water purification. A survey of the magnitude of water-related stress at villages on the subject of a college campus or Maharashtra villages affects rural life. Especially in the summer seasons. Problems of availability, accessibility, and quality of Water In Maharashtra 17 districts are that which is laid low with water crises. Maharashtra had approved over R.s 7000 corer to complete the potable project in the scarcity hit area. In India 4% of water resources available from 18% water available in word. Wetland technology can provide cheap and effective wastewater treatment in both temperature and tropical climates and is suitable for adoption in both industrialized likewise as in developing nations this method is utilized for the removal of a range of pollutants and a broad verity of wastewater worldwide. it's one of the simplest methods to treated wastewater at source premises, effectively and economically. This general term accustomed describe different degrees of treatment, so as of skyrocketing treatment levels are preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary or advance wastewater treatment. Disinfection to get rid of pathogens sometimes follows the last treatment steps. After treatment of wastewater from constructed wetland reactor, 90 to 95% BOD is going to be satisfied than 85 to 90% Turbidity is going to be removed, and 70 to 80% Nutrient are going to be removed by phytoremediation method. Constructed wetland technology has played a vital role in achieving the changes in wastewater.

scholarly journals Nanocellulose Based Filtration Membrane in Industrial Waste Water Treatment: A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5398
Author(s):  
Yunxia Liu ◽  
Honghai Liu ◽  
Zhongrong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Separation Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Filtration Membrane

In the field of industrial wastewater treatment, membrane separation technology, as an emerging separation technology, compared with traditional separation technology such as precipitation, adsorption, and ion exchange, has advantages in separation efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost, simple operation, and no secondary pollution. The application has been expanding in recent years, but membrane fouling and other problems have seriously restricted the development of membrane technology. Natural cellulose is one of the most abundant resources in nature. In addition, nanocellulose has characteristics of high strength and specific surface area, surface activity groups, as well as being pollution-free and renewable, giving it a very wide development prospect in many fields, including membrane separation technology. This paper reviews the current status of nanocellulose filtration membrane, combs the widespread types of nanocellulose and its derivatives, and summarizes the current application of cellulose in membrane separation. In addition, for the purpose of nanocellulose filtration membrane in wastewater treatment, nanocellulose membranes are divided into two categories according to the role in filtration membrane: the application of nanocellulose as membrane matrix material and as a modified additive in composite membrane in wastewater treatment. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of inorganic ceramic filtrations and nanocellulose filtrations are compared, and the application trend of nanocellulose in the filtration membrane direction is summarized and discussed.

Nanotechnology-Based Nano-Biosorbents

2020 ◽  
pp. 386-408
Author(s):  
Mintu Maan Dutta ◽  
Anushmita Charingia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Purification Methods ◽  
Industrial Sources

Most countries worldwide face the problem related to clean and safe water. The major source of contamination of water bodies includes the discharges of wastes from various domestic and industrial sources (heavy metal ions, dyes, and pharmaceuticals). To overcome those problems, various water purification methods such as coagulation, flocculation, adsorption, membrane separation, biological, and electrochemical methods have been engaged. Adsorption using nano-biosorbents based on chitin, chitosan and modified chitosan, cellulose, alginate, micro algal has emerged as a better alternative for the removal of contaminants from drinking and wastewater treatment. The main advantages of these nano-biosorbents include its biodegradability and eco-friendliness, which have attracted researchers to this field.

scholarly journals Vibratory membrane separation for wastewater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Péter Bor ◽  
József Csanádi ◽  
Gábor Veréb ◽  
Sándor Beszédes ◽  
Zita Šereš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Shear Rates

To meet the requirements defined by environmental protection regulations effective wastewater treatment is required to process effluents before discharging them into sewers or living waters. While membrane separation offers a quite advantageous method to reduce the organic load of wastewaters, membrane fouling is still limiting its application in wastewater treatment. In this study, the possibility of membrane fouling reduction by increased shear rates on the surface of the membrane was investigated. 7 and 10 kDa MWCO ultrafiltration and 240 Da nanofiltration membranes were studied, with the use of a laboratory mode Vibratory Shear Enhanced Processing. This work mostly focused on studying the effects of module vibration and recirculation feed flow rate on permeate flux, specific energy demand and membrane rejections. Using the same operation parameters, vibration and non-vibration mode experiments were carried out with high and low recirculation flow rate to have a deeper understanding of the shear rate effects. It can be concluded that higher shear rate had a positive effect on the process: increased shear rate resulted in higher flux, higher overall rejection values, as well as a significantly decreased specific energy demand. By calculating and comparing the shear rates in experiments with different operating parameters, both vibration and nonvibration mode, both low and high recirculation flow rate, we have reached the conclusion that vibration causes a significantly higher shear rate increase than setting the recirculation flow rate high.

Electrophoresis in Membrane Separation Processes: From Lab to Field Scale Experiments

2006 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
G. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Specific Energy Input ◽  
Processing Scheme

In this paper results of electrophoretically activated processes for domestic wastewater treatment in lab and field scale experiments are presented. The principal mechanisms of non-membrane and membrane based electrokinetic solid liquid separation by electrophoresis are described. In the case of non-membrane based electrokinetic wastewater treatment a modular processing scheme is suggested in order to achieve economically and ecologically suitable processing conditions based on colloidal wastewater characteristics. In the case of membrane based electrokinetic waste water treatment an effective anti-membrane fouling process is designed controlled by colloidal characteristics of the wastewater, especially zetapotential, as well as external field parameters and microfiltration module geometries. The specific energy input of the membrane based and non-membrane based electrophoretic waste water treatment methodologies are compared and future perspectives of electrokinetic activated waste water purification processes are proposed.

Enhanced Treatment Ability of Membrane Technology by Integrating an Electric Field for Dye Wastewater Treatment: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1341-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Meihan Zhang ◽  
Chengwen Song ◽  
Ping Tao ◽  
Menghan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Integrated Technology ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Abstract The increasing environmental awareness and stricter regulations have prompted the developments of various treatment technologies for dye wastewater. Membrane separation receives extensive attention as a promising technology because of many advantages. However, higher removal performance requirements and membrane fouling issues make a single separation method inadequate for the removal of dyes from industrial wastewater. Exerting an electric field on membrane separation system for dye wastewater treatment has already been proposed and newly developed in recent years because each technology complements the advantages and overcomes the challenges of the other. Although the amount of literature in this field is limited, this integrated technology has exhibited good performance on dye removal and is believed to have a bright prospect. This review mapped out the previous studies and current trends as well as provided a prospective outlook for advances in various membrane-combining technologies with an electric field, especially with the electric advanced oxidation processes. The different combination patterns, performance evaluations, removal mechanisms, and treatment parameters are gathered and discussed.

Comparison of UV and chlorine pretreatment in pilot plant micro-filter membrane separation for drinking water

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
J.Y. Huang ◽  
S. Takizawa ◽  
K. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Solids Removal

Methods to control bio-fouling, i.e. UV-irradiation and chlorination pretreatment were evaluated in dead-end membrane filtration. Pilot-scale experiments were carried out at Kosuzume Water Purification Plant, which is located at the Sagami River in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As a result, both UV-irradiation and chlorination strongly suppressed the increase of transmembrane pressure and prevented bio-fouling. However, in the case of pre-chlorination, the membrane color changed from white to brown after a long use, causing irreversible membrane fouling due probably to manganese adsorption. Suspended solids removal by membrane filtration decreased the formation potential for CHCl3, but didn't affect the CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials. Pre-chlorination, however, increased both CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials, thus making up for the reduction in CHCl3 formation potential due to membrane filtration. UV-irradiation pretreatment combined with membrane filtration in the water purification process is regarded as an accessible method and was proved effective in controlling bio-fouling, which gave us a better water quality without increasing trihalomethanes in contrast to pre-chlorination.

scholarly journals Current Advances in Biofouling Mitigation in Membranes for Water Treatment: An Overview

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Pichardo-Romero ◽  
Zahirid Patricia Garcia-Arce ◽  
Alejandra Zavala-Ramírez ◽  
Roberto Castro-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Deposition Of Pollutants ◽  
Ongoing Development

Membranes, as the primary tool in membrane separation techniques, tend to suffer external deposition of pollutants and microorganisms depending on the nature of the treating solutions. Such issues are well recognized as biofouling and is identified as the major drawback of pressure-driven membrane processes due to the influence of the separation performance of such membrane-based technologies. Herein, the aim of this review paper is to elucidate and discuss new insights on the ongoing development works at facing the biofouling phenomenon in membranes. This paper also provides an overview of the main strategies proposed by “membranologists” to improve the fouling resistance in membranes. Special attention has been paid to the fundamentals on membrane fouling as well as the relevant results in the framework of mitigating the issue. By analyzing the literature data and state-of-the-art, the concluding remarks and future trends in the field are given as well.

Domestic wastewater treatment by forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) integrated system

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1514-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Deyin Hou ◽  
Kuiling Li ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Abstract In this study, real domestic wastewater treatment by forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) integrated system was investigated in laboratory scale. The integrated membrane system presented a good separation performance and the removal efficiency of most contaminants in the domestic wastewater was higher than 90%. High molecular weight contaminants were completely removed, while a few low molecular weight contaminants permeated through the membrane. The FO membrane fouling layer mainly consisted of organic substances like polysaccharides and proteins, and was very loose and could be effectively removed by rinsing the membrane surface with tap water. By comparison, the MD membrane fouling was mainly induced by inorganic salts and was not as severe as that of the FO membrane. During 120 h continuous operation, the FO-MD integrated system exhibited satisfying performance stability and maintained a high water yield and high product water quality. The results indicated the potential of the FO-MD integrated system for municipal wastewater treatment in coastal cities, water purification and desalination.

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