Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of  Three Medicinal Plants – Lawsonia inermis, Mangifera indica  and Piper betel

The aim of this research is to investigate the antibacterial activity and identify the phytochemical constituents of Mangifera indica leafs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus using disc diffusion method. The sample was collected fresh from the premises of Bioresources Development Center (BIODEC), Katsina, Katsina State and was dried and pounded into powder. The powdered leaves were extracted using ethanol and aqueous solvents. Various concentrations ranging from 500mg to 62.5mg were prepared. Test isolates were obtained from the Microbiology laboratory, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina (UMYUK) and were further authenticated using Gram staining and biochemical test. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zones of inhibition were read after 24 hours at 370C. The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the ethanolic leaves extracts at 500mg/ml had effect on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with zones of inhibition of 12mm and 6mm respectively. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and phenols where only alkaloids was found to be absent in the aqueous extract. There is no significant difference between the solvents and various concentrations used base on t-test data analysis.

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Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants

Nepal Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/njb.v9i1.38667 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 50-62

Author(s):

Shrimita Shresta ◽

Sudip Bhandari ◽

Babita Aryal ◽

Bishnu P. Marasini ◽

Santosh Khanal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Acacia Catechu

Medicinal plants are important reservoirs of bioactive compounds that need to be explored systematically. Because of their chemical diversity, natural products provide limitless possibilities for new drug discovery. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical properties of crude extracts from fifteen Nepalese medicinal plants. The total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity were evaluated through a colorimetric approach while the antibacterial activities were studied through the measurement of the zone of inhibition (ZoI) by agar well diffusion method along with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) by broth dilution method. The methanolic extracts of Acacia catechu and Eupoterium adenophorum showed the highest TPC (55.21 ± 11.09 mg GAE/gm) and TFC (10.23 ± 1.07 mg QE/gm) among the studied plant extracts. Acacia catechu showed effective antioxidant properties with an IC50 value of 1.3 μg/mL, followed by extracts of Myrica esculenta, Syzygium cumini, and Mangifera indica. Morus australis exhibited antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ZoI: 25mm, MIC: 0.012 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (ZoI: 22 mm, MIC: 0.012 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZoI; 20 mm, MIC: 0.05 mg/mL), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ZoI: 19 mm, MIC: 0.19 mg/mL). Morus australis extract showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, followed by Eclipta prostrata, and Hypericum cordifolium. Future study is recommended to explore secondary metabolites of those medicinal plants to uncover further clinical efficacy.

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Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Five Malaysian Medicinal Plants

British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.9734/bjpr/2014/12233 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (17) ◽

pp. 2019-2032 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rasha Saad ◽

Loshini Appalasamy ◽

Jiyauddin Khan ◽

Hamid Kazi ◽

Eddy Yusuf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Phytochemical Screening

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COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACTS OF TECTONA GRANDIS, MANGIFERA INDICA, AND ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i1.16602 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Krishnananda Kamath K. ◽

A. Ramakrishna Shabaraya

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Anacardium Occidentale ◽

World Health ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Morphological Studies

Objective: World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely upon herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary healthcare. For most of the herbs, the specific ingredient that causes therapeutic effect is not known. Bacterial infections are one of the prominent causes of health problems, physical disabilities and mortalities around the world. Plants have been used in medicine as antimicrobial agents since ancient times could provide a promising solution for drug-resistant species. The present study involves comparison of the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract leaves of Tectona grandis (teak), Mangifera indica (mango), and, Anacardium Occidentale (cashew).Methods: Authentication, morphological studies and phytochemical screening studies on alcoholic extracts of leaves were carried out. Antibacterial activity was carried out by using different concentrations of extracts on bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using agar well diffusion method and results were compared.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, resins, tannins and flavonoids. Antibacterial activity was observed in the concentration range of 25-100 mg/ml for all the extracts except T. grandis leaves. They are effective at 50-100 mg/ml concentration.Conclusion: Comparison of results reveals that leaves of T. Grandis have less antibacterial activity compared to M. Indica and A. Occidantale extracts.Keywords: Teak, Mango, Cashew Leaves Extracts, Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial activity

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND TLC STUDIES OF PETALS OF SELECTED INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.13476 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 259 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sumathy Rengarajan ◽

Vijayalakshmi Melanathuru ◽

Deecaraman Munuswamy ◽

Sankaranarayanan Sundaram ◽

Saravanan Thiruverkadu Selvaraj

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Indian Medicinal Plants

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) studies from the petals of fourdifferent Indian medicinal plants (Punica granatum, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Cassia auriculata, and Moringa oleifera).Methods: The phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of petals of four different Indian medicinal plants was performed using standardprocedures. The antimicrobial activity was tested against various test organisms using the agar disc diffusion method.Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening for petals of four different medicinal plants revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins,and saponins. From the above study, the results indicated that the methanol extract of M. oleifera petals showed the highest antimicrobial activityagainst Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with zone of inhibition 17.93 and 23.40, respectively, at the concentration of 20 µl/ml and alsoshowed the maximum inhibitory activity at the highest concentration (20 µl/ml) than the lowest concentration (5 µl/ml) against Gram-negativebacteria such as Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gram-positive B. subtilis and S. aureus. TLC studies of methanolextracts of petals of Indian medicinal plants revealed the presence of different phytoconstituents as evidenced by separated compounds with differentRf values.Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study indicate that the petals of four different Indian medicinal plants showed the highest antibacterialactivity and can be used as an antibacterial agent against bacterial diseases.Keywords: Phytochemicals, Antibacterial activity, Thin-layer chromatography.

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Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial Activity and Heavy Metal Analysis of Ethnomedicinal Recipes and Their Sources Used Against Infectious Diseases

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8110454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 454 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nasir Mahmood ◽

Ruqia Nazir ◽

Muslim Khan ◽

Rashid Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Adnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Metal Analysis ◽

Heavy Metal Analysis ◽

Maximum Quantity ◽

Tract Infections

Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites that have been found to have medicinal properties. The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical screening, antibacterial activities and heavy metal analysis of seven medicinal plants i.e., Nigella sativa (seeds), Trigonella foenum-graecum (seeds), Brassica campestris (seeds), Pistacia integerrima (galls), Linum usitatissimum (seeds), Hyssopus officinalis (flowers), Ephedra vulgaris (dry branches) and its two recipes which are used by hakims (Practitioners of local herbal medicines), against different diseases particularly respiratory tract infections. The obtained results revealed that alkaloids (30%) and flavonoids (41%) were in maximum quantity in P. integerrima (galls) while saponins (10.9%) were in maximum quantity in Recipe 1. The antibacterial activity was determined by the agar well disc diffusion method using methanol, ethanol, chloroform and deionized water extracts. Each plant extract was tested against one Gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumonia) and two Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria. Maximum zones of inhibition in methanol, ethanol, chloroform and aqueous extract were seen in T. foenum-graecum against S. pneumonia (20.06 ± 0.16 mm), B. campestris against S. pneumonia (22.40 ± 0.24 mm), Recipe 2 against K. pneumonia (20.06 ± 0.16 mm) and N. sativa against S. pneumonia (20.23 ± 0.16 mm), respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and showed the existence of high concentration of Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr). Thus, it has been found that medicinal plants individually as well as their recipes are potentially active against various diseases particularly respiratory tract infections

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In Vitro Antibacterial Activity, Preliminary Phytochemical Screening Profile, and In Vivo Toxicity of Seven Traditional Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia

Traditional and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.18502/tim.v6i4.8273 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Eyerus Mekuriaw ◽

Enat Mengistu ◽

Ayana Erdedo ◽

Hassen Mamo

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Phytochemical Content

The threat of antibiotic-resistance calls for novel antibacterial agents. This study was aimed at screening medicinal plants for their antibacterial properties, phytochemical content and safety. Leaves of Allophylus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Radlk., Dicliptera laxata C.B.Clarke, Ligustrum vulgare L., Solanecio gigas (Vatke) c. Jeffrey and Gymnanthemum myrianthum (Hook.f.) H.Rob.; leaf and stem-bark of Olinia rochetiana A. Juss. and the seed of Cucurbita pepo L. were used. Chloroform and ethanol were used to extract G. myrianthum, D. laxata and O. rochetiana; ethyl acetate and methanol for the rest, and water for all. The extracts were tested against clinical/standard strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus by the agar-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined. Acute toxicity to mice was checked and preliminary phytochemical screening was done. Thirteen extracts, out of 24, were active (inhibition zone >7 mm) at differing levels (9.67±0.33-25.66±0.57 mm) against at least one bacterial strain. The MICs and MBCs were 1.95-15.6 mg/mL and 7.8-125 mg/mL respectively. The aqueous extract of S. gigas, methanol extracts of L. vulgare and A. abyssinicus, and ethanol extract of O. rochetiana leaf were the most active (MIC 1.95mg/ml) against S. aureus. Ethyl acetate extracts of A. abyssinicus, L. vulgare and S. gigas; aqueous of C. pepo, O. rochetiana and G. myrianthum; and all D. laxata had no antibacterial activity. P. aeruginosa was the least susceptible to any extract, although the methanol and aqueous extracts of S. gigas performed better against it. Preliminary phytochemical screening of selected extracts for phenols, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, steroidal glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, resins and glycosides showed positivity at least for four of these phytochemicals with glycoside and terpenoids in nearly all extracts and resin in none. The plants were not toxic to mice at 2000 mg/kg. Further consideration of S. gigas, L. vulgare, A. abyssinicus and O. rochetiana is recommended in light of their promising potential and safety.

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