scholarly journals Access to bank credit by smallholder farmers in Tanzania: a case study

Afrika Focus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsubili Isaga
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
And Gender

Tanzania like many other developing countries is highly dependent on agriculture for income generation and job creation for its citizens. Because the sector is mainly composed of smallholder farmers, lack of finance remains the leading obstacle to development. This study seeks to determine factors that affect access to bank credit by smallholder farmers in the Mvomero District of Morogoro, Tanzania. The study used a cross-sectional design, with data being collected via the survey method. Purposeful sampling was used to obtain the respondents who fitted into the study objective. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model. The Logit regression model in particular was employed to determine factors that affect smallholder farmers’ access to bank services. The study reveals that the value of assets invested in farming activities, education and gender are significant factors affecting smallholder farmers’ access to bank credit. Policy recommendations include the establishment of a government bank that would exclusively provide financial services to agriculturalists by establishing a credit guarantee scheme, and the development of new financial products by the banks that would cater to the needs of smallholder farmers. Key words: access, bank credit, smallholder farmers, logit regression

scholarly journals Access to bank credit by smallholder farmers in Tanzania: a case study

Afrika Focus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
Nsubili Isaga
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Gender

Tanzania like many other developing countries is highly dependent on agriculture for income generation and job creation for its citizens. Because the sector is mainly composed of smallholder farmers, lack of finance remains the leading obstacle to development. This study seeks to determine factors that affect access to bank credit by smallholder farmers in the Mvomero District of Morogoro, Tanzania. The study used a cross-sectional design, with data being collected via the survey method. Purposeful sampling was used to obtain the respondents who fitted into the study objective. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model. The Logit regression model in particular was employed to determine factors that affect smallholder farmers’ access to bank services. The study reveals that the value of assets invested in farming activities, education and gender are significant factors affecting smallholder farmers’ access to bank credit. Policy recommendations include the establishment of a government bank that would exclusively provide financial services to agriculturalists by establishing a credit guarantee scheme, and the development of new financial products by the banks that would cater to the needs of smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Tailor-Made Psychosocial Intervention for the Caregivers in Emergency and Trauma Care Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 290-294
Author(s):  
T.R. Kanmani ◽  
Birudu Raju ◽  
Subhas Konar ◽  
Dhaval Shukla ◽  
Raghavendra Kukkehalli
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Care ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The caregiver’s psychosocial problems are unnoticed in the emergency and trauma care center. Therefore, the study objective was to understand the impact of psychoeducation and psychosocial intervention on traumatic brain injury (TBI) caregivers during hospitalization. Methodology The study adopted a descriptive research design. Sixty-three (n = 63) consented caregivers were recruited by using a cross-sectional survey method. Two separate checklists were used to collect the psychosocial problems in emergency and trauma care as well as to know the satisfaction levels of caregivers after the intervention. R free 3.0.1 software was used to calculate the frequency and percentage. Results The caregiver’s mean age was 39 years (39.46 ± 16.22). The majority of the caregivers were males (45; 71.4%) working as daily wagers (42; 66.7%). Caregivers experienced psychosocial problems, that is, depression, anxiety, stress, unable to handle crisis, grief, lack of coping skills (57; 90.5%), emotional distress (57; 90.5%), financial constraints (45; 71.1%), and need for referral services (45; 71.1%). Tailor-made psychosocial interventions were provided to the caregivers. Conclusion To conclude, there is a greater need to provide psychosocial intervention and train the caregivers to provide care for TBI survivors during hospitalization. There is a need to develop the uniform standard operating procedure for medical and psychiatric social workers in providing psychosocial care in emergency and trauma care setting.

Effects of village savings and loan association on agricultural value productivity in Northern Region of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dawuni ◽  
Franklin Nantui Mabe ◽  
Osman Damba Tahidu
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Savings And Loan

PurposeAgriculture in Ghana is dominated by smallholder farmers in rural areas. Majority of these farmers are resource-poor and faced with serious challenges in accessing formal financial services towards farming needs attributed to the stringent requirements. To bridge this gap, village savings and loan associations (VSLA) have been promoted in rural areas as an alternative to meeting the credit needs of smallholder farmers. Credit plays a vital role in input acquisition among farmers for improved agricultural value productivity. This study assesses the contribution of VSLA to agricultural value productivity in the Northern Region of Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is a primary cross-sectional data collected with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire. This study, therefore, applied a propensity score matching (PSM) to assess the effects of VSLA on agricultural value productivity.FindingsResults from the PSM revealed that extension contact, contract farming, television set ownership, participating in “Planting for Food and Jobs” and nature of roads, including receiving VSLA information from members' increases participation decision of farmers in VSLA. Conversely, age of a farmer, household size, distance to output market and farmers in the Sagnarigu Municipality have negatively influenced VSLA participation. The propensity score matching estimates showed that members of VSLA obtained 38.2% higher agricultural value productivity than non-members.Originality/valueVillage savings and loans associations can be promoted among smallholder farmers as an effective alternative to formal financial service for inclusive development.

Does College Education Pay? Evidence From The NLSY-79 Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diamando Afxentiou ◽  
Paul Kutasovic
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
And Gender ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Over Time

This study examines if the college wage premium favoring college graduates still exists. The NLSY-79 data is employed. The sample includes individuals who received their high school degree and college degree in 1980 and 1981. These individuals were followed until the year 2004. A cross sectional regression model was estimated for the years 1982, 1994, and 2004 and found that education, occupation, and gender were the primary determinants of wages. The income gap between college educated workers and high school educated workers has widen over time. Most interestingly, it is the stagnation of high school educated workers that accounts for the gap.

scholarly journals Identify determinant of contraceptive use in rural set up of Surat district, Gujarat

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2956
Author(s):  
Rajendra Solanki ◽  
Hiteshri C. Patel ◽  
J. K. Kosambiya
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Child ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up

Background: In spite of significant growth and expansion of family planning programme, pregnancy continues to be unplanned. This study has been conducted to identify determinant responsible for use of contraception. The aim of the study was to determine the factors affecting the use of the contraceptives. The objectives were to study Socio – demographic, fertility profile of eligible couples and its relation to use of contraceptionMethods: This is a cross sectional study conducted during period of 20th September 2014 to 15th January 2015. Three PHCs were selected purposively from Olpad taluka of the Surat District. Two Sub Centers were selected randomly from each PHC. Data regarding eligible couples were collected from Sub Center register. From each Sub Center, 47 eligible women were selected randomly. Total sample size was 280 (CPR: 60%, DLHS-3).Results: Mean age of study participants were 29.14±6.7 years. Out of total women, 18.6% women were married before attaining the age of 18 years. More than 50% women were 20-24 years of age group at the time of birth of first child where as 25.4% women gave birth to first child before the age of 20 years. There was significant association between use of Contraceptive methods with factors like age of women, caste, religion, education of women, education of husband and number of children (p<0.05). At the time of sterilization, number of children and gender of last child plaed a significant role.Conclusions: Women should be empowered with education regarding use of contraception. Child marriage act should be strictly followed.

scholarly journals Rethinking Westernization in Destination: Tourists’ Perception of a Touristic City

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Niranjan Devkota ◽  
Udaya Raj Poudel ◽  
Iveta Hamarneh ◽  
Udbodh Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Logit Regression Model

The impacts of westernization are increasing globally in the tourism entrepreneurship practices. Understanding it contributes to the growth and sustainability of the business even in local touristic cities. This paper aims to judge tourists’ perception of westernization about one of the most important touristic cities – Pokhara, Nepal. Purposive sampling was used to collect responses from 248 tourists in Pokhara, which included both open and closed-ended questionnaires. In order to understand the perception of tourists and check the determinants about the prevalence of westernization among tourists, the cross-sectional descriptive study has been used, and Logit Regression Model is applied. The study reveals that 78.22% of the respondents find westernization has influenced tourism entrepreneurship up to a certain extent in Pokhara. Similarly, a majority (89.11%) of tourists reveal that they expect and enjoy local culture than their own culture in tourism destinations, where 95.56% of the tourists suggest preserving the local culture for the sustainability of tourism business in Pokhara. Results from the Ordered Logistic model show that westernization, problems faced in destination, the similarity of destination as per their expectation and level of tourists’ existence at destination play significant roles in their preferences to visit touristic destinations. This study indicates that the first two reduce tourists’ preferences while the latter two stimulate their preferences to visit Pokhara, Nepal. Therefore, entrepreneurs in Pokhara should identify, conserve, encourage, and maintain local socio-cultural traditions to have long-term tourism prosperity and development.

Factors affecting superficial vein visibility at the upper limb in healthy young adults: A cross-sectional observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-907
Author(s):  
Kanae Mukai ◽  
Taiga Fujii ◽  
Yukari Nakajima ◽  
Asami Ishida ◽  
Moeka Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Superficial Vein ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Gender

Objective: Venipuncture is an invasive procedure, and repeated puncture attempts may be uncomfortable or even traumatic for patients. Vein visibility is one of the most influential variables for the failure of venipuncture; however, the factors affecting vein visibility remain unclear. The present study was conducted to identify the factors influencing vein visibility at the upper limb in healthy young adults. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy volunteers were included. All measurements were performed at the right arm, right cubital fossa, and right forearm. The depth and cross-sectional area of superficial veins were measured by ultrasonography. Skin color was assessed by a spectrophotometer and quantified according to Commission International d’Eclairage L*a*b* values. Results: Invisible superficial veins were significantly deeper and had a larger cross-sectional area than visible superficial veins. Skin color b* of invisible superficial veins was significantly higher than that of visible superficial veins. Vein depth, skin color b*, and gender markedly affected superficial vein visibility at the upper limb. The cutoff for vein depth was 2.3 mm (area under the curve = 0.91). Conclusion: The present results confirmed that vein depth, skin color b*, and gender strongly influenced vein visibility at the upper limb. The cutoff for vein depth was 2.3 mm.

ADOPTION DYNAMICS OF TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA FOR SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT IN PILOT VILLAGES OF WESTERN KENYA

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVELYNE KIPTOT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Logit Regression Model ◽  
Adoption Dynamics

SUMMARYThis paper presents the results of a study that was undertaken to assess adoption dynamics of Tithonia diversifolia in Siaya and Vihiga districts of western Kenya from 1997 to 2004. The study was undertaken among a random sample of 120 farmers from eight pilot villages exposed to the technology. Descriptive statistics and a logit regression model were used to analyse data. The findings show that more farmers in pilot villages of Siaya are taking up the use of Tithonia than in Vihiga. As of 2004, 52% of farmers in Siaya were adopters compared to only 8% in Vihiga. Results of the logit regression model show that the use of Tithonia biomass for soil fertility management (SFM) is more likely to be adopted in a context where there is a scarcity of animal manure, farmers are willing to plant it on farms and hire casual labour. The use of Tithonia by smallholder farmers for SFM is therefore a promising low-cost option that can be scaled up to areas where farmers face similar constraints.

Socio-Economic Factors and Utilization of Formal Financial Services among smallholder Farmers in Kenya.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Joseph Masinde Wabwire
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The main aim of this research was to establish the effect of socio-economic factors on utilization of formal financial services among smallholder farmers in Kenya. Farmers in low-income counties encounter a number of challenges among them limited access to finance. Financing agriculture, therefore, becomes a critical service to enable the full realization of the sector’s potential. In Kenya, the advent of  innovative banking models through commercial banks such as Equity bank have seen a higher proportion of the rural population who were previously unreached being reached by financial services. That said, the subscription to formal financial services by small holder farmers is still low and many of them either shy away from formal financial institutions or are simply ineligible for the services due to lack of a banking profile with the institutions. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. The target population for this study were smallholder farmers from Nakuru, Busia and Kirinyaga Counties in Kenya. The study sample was determined using simple random sampling. The sample size was 560 smallholder farmers. The questionnaire and secondary information were the key instruments for data collection. Quantitative data was analysed using multiple linear regression equations with the aid of SPSS software. The study established that the socio-economic factors significantly affected utilization of formal financial services by the smallholder farmers in the country. Policy Makers should therefore, encourage small holder farmers by way of incentives to disclose their annual income so as to improve their chances of accessing formal financial services that can expand their enterprises.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Farmer’Autonomy and Sustainability of Smallholder Coffee Farming using SEM Lisrel

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1839-1845
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Private Institution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Coffee Farming

Coffee is an important commodity in international trade. However, coffee farming in Indonesia is mostly managed by smallholder farmers who still apply traditional technology. This study was aimed to: (1) analyze the level of institutional role, agribusiness capacity, autonomy of farmer, and sustainability of smallholder coffee farming; (2) analyze factors affecting autonomy of farmers and sustainability of smallholder coffee farming. This research was carried out in Bondowoso and Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia through the approach of survey conducted on 376 coffee farmers of all smallholder farmings of Robusta and Arabica coffee. Samples were collected by multistage random sampling done in the two regencies. Survey method was used in this study. Data were collected during July-October 2019 using the method of questionnaire, interview, and observation. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential method through SEM Lisrel. Result of the study showed that institutional support was categorized as low, while agribusiness capacity, autonomy of farmers, sustainability were included in moderate category. Factors found to affect the level of farmer’ autonomyof farmers were the support of institutional role and agribusiness capacity of farmers. Factors directly affected the sustainability of smallholder coffee farming was autonomy of farmers, whereas the role of institution and agribusiness capacity of farmers were found to indirectly affect sustainability. To strengthen autonomy of coffee farmers towards the sustainability of smallholder coffee farming, agribusiness capacity building and strengthening is necessary. Therefore, all stakeholders (government, private institution, and community) will immediately design such program that involves the synergy of multi-institutions related to smallholder coffee farmers.

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