De crisis in de staalnijverheid : pogingen tot opvijzelen en beleidskeuzen

Res Publica ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
Jef Maton
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Political Compromise ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

The Belgian steel industry falls apart into four groups. The Flemish industry consists mainly of a very modern steel plant Sidmar near the port of Ghent controlled by the industrial holding Arbed. The Walloon industry falls apart into three basins : Cockerill in Liège; the holy triangleof Charleroi, controlled by Frère-Bourgeois, Cobepa (Paribas) and Bruxelles-Lambert (this three holdings being associated in the Financière du Ruau) ; the independents.In the Walloon industry the successive processes of steel making are distributed over a great number of plants, most of the equipment is outdated, labour relations are bad and so is management.The finances required to renew this ancient industry are so large that the holdings cannot do so without the aid of the Belgian Government and the European Communities.Beginning of 1977, Davignon (CEE), proposes to freeze the production and market shares of the member countries, and to increase the European steel price by EEC tariff measures, in this way protecting the low productivity concerns ; not in the least the walloon concerns.  The European Communities promise financial help for restructuring.The implicit condition is comparative advantage of enterprises. In the Belgian context, this would mean that Sidmar would be extended and part of the Walloon industry closed down. The next move of the Brussels-Walloon concerns is, therefore, to corner Sidmar.During the course of 1977 and the first half of 1978 the Government negotiates with employers and unions a restructuring plan and general steel agreement, the «Plan Claes». The plan foresees in a lasting ceiling imposed on Sidmar; in a very large fiow of restructuring aid,mainly from public funds and the set-up of an intricate network of semi-governmental institutions.The Plan Claes is a purely political compromise. From the economic point of view, the plan wilt only speed up the definite emigration of traditional steel making processes towards the semi-industrialized countries.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic Solar Systems in Multi-Headquarter Institutions: A Technical Implementation in Northeastern Brazil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio Henrique Cunha Pinheiro ◽  
Neilton Fidélis da Silva ◽  
David Alves Castelo Branco ◽  
Márcio Giannini Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education Science

The use of photovoltaic solar technology is increasingly widespread and consolidated worldwide, gaining significant interest in Brazil. Thanks to records of gradual photovoltaic system price decreases and the construction of legal frameworks favorable to their diffusion, urban and rural residential consumers, service companies, industries, and the government are progressively adhering to the use of this technology. In this context, it is important that institutions and companies with multiheadquarters discern whether it is more advantageous, from both a technical and economic point of view, to disperse photovoltaic systems throughout all of their headquarters or to centralize them in the offices presenting the best energy efficiency. The present study aims at answering this question. To this end, indicators recorded in the Institute of Education Science and Technology (IFRN)-Solar Project implemented by the Rio Grande do Norte Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, in Brazil, where 2 MWp of photovoltaic solar energy are installed in 19 of its 22 headquarters, were evaluated. The PVWatts Software, energy measurements at the different plant installation locations and technical performance parameters recurrent in the literature, as well as the Discounted Payback Method were used herein. The results indicate that system centralization in the best-evaluated sites (7 campi) will, in 25 years, provide a 9.07% energy supply gain, a 112.96% financial gain, and a payback reduction of 8.9 years when compared to the alternative comprising generation unit dispersion throughout the 19 campi.

scholarly journals Citizen Action as a Driving Force of Change. The Meninas of Canido, Art in the Street as an Urban Dynamizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
María José Piñeira Mantiñán ◽  
Francisco R. Durán Villa ◽  
Ramón López Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Neighborhood Association ◽  
Urban Art ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The austerity policies imposed by the government in the wake of the 2007 crisis have deteriorated the welfare state and limited neighborhood recovery. Considering the inability and inefficiency on the part of administrations to carry out improvement actions in neighborhoods, it is the neighborhood action itself that has carried out a series of resilient social innovations to reverse the dynamics. In this article, we will analyze the Canido neighborhood in Ferrol, a city in north-western Spain. Canido is traditional neighborhood that was experiencing a high degree of physical and social deterioration, until a cultural initiative called “Meninas of Canido,” promoted by one of its artist neighbors, recovered its identity and revitalized it from a physical, social, and economic point of view. Currently, the Meninas of Canido has become one of the most important urban art events in Spain and has receives international recognition. The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact that this action has had in the neighborhood. For this, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with the local administration, neighborhood association, the precursors of this idea, merchants, and some residents in general, in order to perceive the reception and evolution of this action.

An isotopic and trace element investigation of gossans from Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Zaronikola ◽  
Vinciane Debaille ◽  
Sophie Decree ◽  
Ryan Mathur ◽  
Christodoulos Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Massive Sulfide ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Troodos Ophiolite ◽  
Zinc Isotopes ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Vms Deposits ◽  
Set Up

<p>The Troodos ophiolite is widely accepted to be a fragment of Mesozoic oceanic crust, which uplifted during Alpine orogeny, due to the collision of Eurasia and Africa (Gass and Masson-Smith, 1963; Vibetti, 1993; Adamides, 2011; Antivachis, 2015). It belongs to supra-subduction ophiolites, which probably set up during subduction initiation associated with back-arc spreading (Pearce, 1975; Rautenschlein et al., 1985; Pearce and Robinson, 2010; Martin et al., 2019). The Troodos ophiolite is mentioned to be one of the most well studied and well-preserved ophiolitic sequences (Moores and Vine, 1971; Benn and Laurent, 1987; Patten et al., 2017), presenting significant Cyprus-type sulphide deposits (Constantinou and Govett, 1973; Adamides, 2014).</p><p>Cyprus-type deposits are generally, considered as mafic type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (VMS), mainly rich in copper and subsidiary zinc, with average grade of 1.3 ± 1.1% Cu and 0.8 ± 0.4% Zn (Hannington et al., 1998; Barie and Hannington, 1999; Patten et al., 2016). VMS deposits are formed in the sea floor, along mid-ocean ridges, by the circulation of high temperature hydrothermal fluids, which their source is seawater (Gillis and Robinson, 1988; Richards et al., 1989; Patten et al., 2017; Martin et al., 2019). In many different regions along the Troodos ophiolite, the VMS deposits are covered by thick, Fe oxides enriched gossans (Bear, 1960; Herzig et al., 1991). In general, those can be formed, when the VMS deposits are exposed to weathering and oxidizing conditions (Herzig et al., 1991), but still the conditions for their formation are debated. The studied gossans from Troodos ophiolite are variegated due to the presence of white silica, red hematite and yellow jarosite. Gossans are always a very interesting part of the ophiolitic sequence from an economic point of view, as they present not only significant amount of extractible copper and zinc, but also, gold and silver (Bear, 1960; Herzig et al., 1991).</p><p>We aim to examine the major and trace elements of gossans, which have been collected from different mines (West Apliki, Skouriotissa and Agrokipia mines) of Troodos ophiolite, and define their enrichment or depletion in copper and zinc, by coupling copper and zinc stable non-traditional isotopes. We combined copper with zinc isotopes in a very novel and original approach in order to give information about the conditions prevailing in the system of interest. As many authors mentioned before, supergene enriched environments are the best places to examine the behavior of Cu isotope fractionation under the weathering conditions of ore deposits (Mathur et al., 2008). On the other hand, Zn isotopes are not redox sensitive, but pH-sensitive (Pons, 2016). By coupling them, it can bring light in understanding the way, the nature of fluids that led to gossans formation and their enrichment in copper and zinc in different locations of Troodos ophiolite.</p>

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI INSENTIF PAJAK UMKM DI ERA COVID-19 DI KECAMATAN GEDANGAN KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfi Huurin Iin ◽  
Septrian Jihan Aulia Fistabella ◽  
Adellia Nanda Savira ◽  
Kalvin Edo Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
Incentive Policy ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

It is known that the people's economy has experienced a significant decline due to the Covid -19 Pandemic which has spread in various regions in Indonesia. From an economic point of view, we found that there was a decrease in income felt by UMKM actors, one of which was in the Gedangan Sub-District, Sidoarjo District which was caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. So that we are interested in examining how the efforts made by the Government through the Ministry of Finance regarding Final Income Tax Incentives to deal with the decline in income faced by UMKM’s. This study aims to determine how the implementation of the Final PPh Tax Incentive policy for UMKM’s during the current Covid-19 pandemic and to find out how the impact felt by UMKM’s regarding the Final Income Tax incentives issued by the Indonesian Minister of Finance. The method we use in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using interviews and observations. The results of this study indicate that the tax incentive policy can not be felt by UMKM actors in Gedangan District, this is due to the lack of socialization provided, resulting in their lack of knowledge about this policy and what conditions they must have to get tax incentives issued by the Ministry of Finance.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES OF PRIVATE CONTRACTORS AS SUBJECTS OF INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Tetyana Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Private Contractor

Introduction. The need to set up a private enforcement institute arose from the problem of enforcement of court decisions. The activities of state executors are clearly regulated, have experience and achievements. A private contractor is authorized by the state to carry out enforcement activities, but from an economic point of view, he is a self-employed person, which means that he is financially interested in the results of his work. The economic aspect of private contractor activity is not well understood to date. Methods. The study is based on the use of the historical and comparative method in determining the prerequisites for establishing an institute of private performers in Ukraine and in the world. A generalization method was used to determine general properties in the taxation of private contractors. The efficiency of the work and the feasibility of introducing a “private” element in the enforcement of court decisions was proved by the method of analysis. The method of grouping was used to determine the taxation base for the performance of private contractors. Results. The organizational and legal aspects of the activity of private contractors have been determined. The economic advantages and disadvantages of introducing the Institute of Private Performers are presented. The procedure for recognition of income and formation of costs of private contractors is outlined. It is proved inadmissible to identify the concepts of “costs of enforcement proceedings” and “costs of private executors”. The necessity of accounting and control of results of activity of private contractors is substantiated. Discussion. Prospects for further researches will be to develop recommendations for accounting for deposit accounts; accounts intended to be credited to enforcement proceedings; accounts intended to account for the principal and additional remuneration of private contractors; payroll calculations; payments with budget for taxes, fees, other required payments private artist revenue and expenses, etc. Keywords: enforcement proceedings, self-employed entities, private contractor, remuneration of private contractor, costs of enforcement proceedings, costs of private contractor, income of private contractor.

scholarly journals Gauge Policy of the Colonial Government: A Reappraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
Gautam Kumar Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
British Government ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government

The gauge policy of the British government, from the very beginning of the construction of railways in India to the end of British rule, was a much more controversial issue. The higher authority of the government always considered the matter from an economic point of view and did not give any importance to the convenience and comfort of the passengers as well as of the serious evils of the break of gauge. It was assumed that the inconvenience of a break of gauge was confined to the actual handling change of transshipment, the amount being equivalent to a few miles of extra haulage. But the main evil of the break of gauge was much graver. When an all India gauge policy was needed to solve the aforesaid problems, the colonial government did nothing in this direction and consciously showed indifference regarding the haphazard policy of gauge.

From Monetary to Fiscal to Political Union: A Progression to Integration or a Recipe for Failure?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-488
Author(s):  
Massimo D’Antoni
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Political Union ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Optimal Currency Areas ◽  
Set Up

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the limits of the architecture of the euro from an economic point of view. We first highlight how the choice to create a monetary union was not supported by the accepted theory of optimal currency areas, and how its institutional set-up responded to a special and questionable view of the functioning of the economy, which recognized only a limited role to active macroeconomic policies. We continue by reconstructing the reasons for the emergence of the 2010–2011 debt crisis that can be traced back to the dynamics triggered by the single currency itself, and we highlight the role played by structural differences between various models of capitalism. Finally, we argue that the proposals currently on the table are by no means sufficient to correct the flaws in the European monetary architecture. The prospects are therefore pessimistic about the possibility of monetary union evolving towards a fiscal and political union.

scholarly journals STREET VENDORS EXTERNALITIES

AdBispreneur ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutarjo
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Government

There are externalities as a result of street vendors economic activities. The externalities may be negatives and may be positives.The method used to collect data through literature and the data collected is secondary data from reports and research publication. Negative externalities caused by the street vendors are accessibility of public spaces, garbage, open space inharmony, dirty and untidy, traffic congestion, pedestrian interference and the possibility of diseases due to lack of sanitation. Tragedy of the commons happened due to excessive uses of public facilities resulting in reduced or loss of its function. The Positive externalities are generate jobs, as a distributor, security, bring the servicecloser to the customers and means of recreation. In the newinstitutional economic point of view, the government needs to intervene as a governing body to avoid the tragedy of the commons over excessive use of public resources in the form of an open area which supposed to be able to be utilised by the society.

scholarly journals Implications of Reforms for Erstwhile FATA: A Critical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasrullah ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
National Implementation ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

The FATA reform process is not a one-time exercise that could be completed through certain legal and administrative action but is a multi-dimensional process with short, medium and longer-term dimensions. The government has set up an 11-member task force to speed up the implementation process and pay special attention to the proposed legal reforms, FATA’s development and the security mainstreaming of FATA. To oversee this process, a high-powered National Implementation Committee, set up in 2017, is tasked to regularly review the progress of the FATA reform on the basis of periodical reports of the Task Force. The proposed reforms packages, besides envisaging reforms at different spheres, also aims to bring bringing about brighter socio-economic prospects to the tribal areas. It could be said that the reforms are also pivoted around boosting the socio-economic status of the tribal people. This paper presents a critical analysis of the merger plan and also critically examines the implications of reforms for FATA.

scholarly journals Economic crisis in the Baltic states : Focusing on Latvia

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (186) ◽  
pp. 89-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoji Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Maastricht Criteria ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Uk

This paper examines the causes of the economic crisis in new EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe, focusing on the Baltic States, especially Latvia. Thanks to the Single Market of the EU, workers in this country became able to migrate to advanced EU countries, especially the UK, decreasing the unemployment rate and at the same time causing a sharp increase in wages due to a tightened labour market. Banks from Nordic countries came to operate in Latvia and competed for market shares, stirring a consumption boom. In a situation in which people can easily get loans denominated in a foreign currency the monetary policies of the central bank are weakened. The Latvian economy already showed signs of overheating in 2005. However in the spring of 2007 the government turned to restrictive policies, causing a depression at the end of 2007. The Lehman shock dealt the Latvian economy its final blow. Latvia set up the introduction of the Euro in 2013 as an exit strategy. Latvia is in a dilemma: if the country does not devalue its national currency and tries to satisfy the Maastricht criteria soon, it will be obliged to adopt pro-cyclical policies, causing economic stagnation.

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