scholarly journals PERANCANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PRODUK KREATIF DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN BERBASIS ANDROID DI SMK ELEKTRONIKA INDONESIA BUKITTINGGI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakir ◽  
Hari Antoni Musril
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Multimedia Development ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Creative Products ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT:This study aims to develop Android-based learning media in the XI class of Creative Products and Entrepreneurship subjects. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) research. Using the 4-D (four D) version of the development model. Consists of 4D define, design, develop, disseminate. The system development model uses the Luther - Sutopo multimedia development model. The results of this study indicate that Android-based learning media developed on the subject. Class XI Creative and Entrepreneurship Products are appropriate for use in learning by teachers and students. Based on several stages of the trial, the learning media is categorized as valid with the feasibility level of the validity test with an average value of 0.90 in a very valid way, the practicality test of the writer gets an average of 1.0 with a very high category, and in the effectiveness test the writer gets an average - The average value of 0.98 in the very effective category, based on the test results of this product, can be useful for teachers, students, and advanced researchers.ABSTRAK:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis android pada mata pelajaran Produk Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan kelas XI. Jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah penelitian Research and Development (R&D). Menggunakan model pengembangan versi 4-D (four D). 4D terdiri dari define, design, develop, dessiminatte. Model pengembangan sistemnya menggunakan model pengembangan multimedia Luther – Sutopo. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis android yang dikembangkan pada mata pelajaran Produk Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan kelas XI sudah layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran oleh guru dan siswa. Berdasarkan beberapa tahapan uji coba, media pembelajaran dikategorikan valid dengan tingkat kelayakan uji validitas dengan rata-rata nilai 0,90 yaitu sangat valid, uji praktikalitas penulis mendapatkan rata-rata 1,0 dengan kategori sangat tinggi, dan pada uji efektivitas penulis mendapatkan rata-rata nilai 0,98 dengan kategori sangat efektiv, berdasarkan hasil uji produk ini, dapat bermanfaat bagi guru, siswa dan peneliti lanjutan.

scholarly journals Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Android

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
M Ikhbal ◽  
Hari Antoni Musril
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
System Development ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Adobe Flash ◽  
Multimedia Development ◽  
Product Test ◽  
Abstract Learning

Abstrak: Media pembelajaran merupakan sarana penyalur pesan atau informasi belajar yang hendak disampaikan oleh sumber pesan kepada sasaran atau penerima pesan tersebut. Penggunaan media pengajaran dapat membantu pencapaian keberhasilan belajar. Penelitian perancangan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis android di jurusan teknik komputer dan jaringan SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya merupakan sebuah program bantu untuk memudahkan guru dalam menjelaskan pelajaran serta memudahkan siswa untuk memahami pelajaran yang di ajarkan. Jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah penelitian Research and Development (R&D). Menggunakan model pengembangan versi 4-D (four D). 4D terdiri dari define, design, develop, dessiminatte. Model pengembangan sistemnya menggunakan model pengembangan multimedia Luther – Sutopo. Dari uji produk yang penulis lakukan memperoleh uji validitas dengan rata-rata nilai 0,85 yaitu valid, uji praktikalitas penulis mendapatkan rata-rata 0,92 dengan kategori sangat tinggi, dan pada uji efektivitas penulis mendapatkan rata-rata nilai 0,92, berdasarkan hasil uji produk ini, dapat membantu mahasiswa, guru atau dosen yang akan melakukan penelitian dalam bidang pendidikan agar penelitian dapat dilanjutkan untuk melihat keberhasilan penggunaan media ini kepada siswa dan para calon guru maupun guru dapat mengembangkan materi dari desain yang telah di rancang ini.   Kata Kunci : Adobe Flash CS6, Adobe Air, Android, Luther-Sutopo, Media Pembelajaran.   Abstract:  Learning media is a means of channeling messages or learning information to be conveyed by the source of the message to the target or recipient of the message. The use of teaching media can help achieve successful learning The research design of Android-based physics learning media in the department of computer engineering and networking at SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya is an assistive program to facilitate teachers in explaining lessons and make it easier for students to understand the lessons taught. The type of research the author uses is Research and Development (R&D) research. Using the 4-D (four D) version development model. 4D consists of define, design, develop, dessiminatte. The system development model uses the Luther - Sutopo multimedia development model. From the product test that the author did, obtained a validity test with an average value of 0.85 that is valid, the practicality test of the writer got an average of 0.92 with a very high category, and on the effectiveness test the writer got an average value of 0.92, based on the results of this product test, can help students, teachers or lecturers who will conduct research in the field of education so that research can be continued to see the successful use of this media to students and prospective teachers and teachers can develop material from this design that has been designed.   Keywords : Adobe Flash CS6, Adobe Air, Android, Luther-Sutopo, Learning Media.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Bentuk Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) untuk Aktivitas Kelas dan Laboratorium Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing pada Pokok Bahasan Laju Reaksi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vika Aumi ◽  
Mawardi ◽  
Rahadian Zainul
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Laboratory Activities ◽  
Rate Of Reaction ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Very High

Abstract- Chemistry is a science that involves learning activities in the classroom and in the laboratory In curriculum 2013, requires students to be actively involved in the learning process. This study aims to develop student' worksheet for the classroom and laboratory activities-based guided inquiry on the subject rate of reaction, as well as reveal its validity and practicalities level. This type of research is educational design research (EDR) by uisng Plomp development model. Stages of development model is comprised of preliminary research, prototyping stage and the assessment phase. Student Worksheet developed validated by six validators (3 chemistry lecturers of FMIPA UNP and 3 high school chemistry teachers). Based on research, Student worksheets for the classroom and laboratory activities-based guided inquiry on the subject rate of reaction with the average value of the validity of 0.86, 0.84 practicalities value from teachers and students value the practicalities of 0.76. Based on the results of this study concluded that the Student Worksheet for the classroom and laboratory activities-based guided inquiry can be developed to subject rate of reaction and Student Worksheet for the classroom and laboratory activities-based guided inquiry on the subject rate of reaction that has developed a very high validity category, practicality is very high from teachers, and high practicality from students.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BERBASIS ADOBE FLASH PLAYER LATIHAN TEKNIK DASAR FUTSAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Abdy Windiartha
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Adobe Flash ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
Post Test

This research is taken from the lack of basic futsal technique that makes players tend to be fatigue in training which is given by the coach. Therefore, the development about basic training media, such as adobe flash player is necessary in learning process. This research focuses on the development of media in learning by using adobe flash player.This study is research and development. The development model of this research is adapted from the development model of Borg & Gall. Borg & Gall's development research stages are: (1) research and data collection, (2) planning, (3) product draft development, (4) first field test, (5) revise test results, (6) field test, (7) result field product test improvement, (8) field test implementation, (9) final product improvement, also (10) dissemination and implementation.This product contains material on futsal basic engineering practice. Media development using Adobe Flash CS6 Professional software. The material presented is (1) basic futsal technique, (2) brief futsal, (3) futsal rules, also (4) field size, line, goal and futsal ball. Based on the stages adapted from the development model of Borg and Gall then obtained the following results: Assessment and validation of the material experts showed that the medium of learning both with a mean value of 3.87. Assessment and validation of media experts showed that the medium of learning both with the average value 4. The results of small group trials showed very good result that is average 4.42. The results of large group trials showed excellent results with a mean of 4.55. In operational test and product effectiveness, pre test and post test of 2 groups were applied. The first group was given media influence, and the second group as the control group. Operational test results pretest value 73.92 seconds into the category enough, and for the average post-test value of 58.25 seconds into the category enough. The effectiveness test shows that the interactive learning media has significant effectiveness with t count value > t table that is 123,922 > 1,70329 and p value (significance) 0.000 < 0,05 meaning that the media is effective. As the final conclusion stated that the product proved effective. For the posttest average value of 58.25 seconds into the category enough. As the final conclusion stated that this product proved effective.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh minimnya model latihan teknik dasar futsal, sehingga pemain cenderung jenuh dengan materi latihan teknik dasar yang diberikan pelatihnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pengembangan mengenai media latihan teknik dasar futsal yang tadinya bersifat konvensional menjadi media yang berbasis adobe flash player. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan produk berupa media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis adobe flash player. Konten dalam media ini berisikan pengembangan materi latihan teknik dasar futsal untuk pembina/pelatih ekstrakurikuler futsal di SMA/SMK sederajat di Kabupaten Banjarnegara.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development). Model pengembangan dalam penelitian ini diadaptasi dari model pengembangan Borg & Gall. Adapun langkah-langkah penelitian pengembangan yang dilakukan Borg & Gall yakni: (1) penelitian dan pengumpulan data, (2) perencanaan, (3) pengembangan draf produk, (4) uji coba lapangan awal, (5) merevisi hasil uji coba, (6) uji coba lapangan, (7) penyempurnaan produk hasil uji lapangan, (8) uji pelaksanaan lapangan, (9) penyempurnaan produk akhir, serta (10) desiminasi dan implementasi.Produk ini memuat materi tentang latihan teknik dasar futsal. Pengembangan media menggunakan software Adobe Flash CS6 Professional. Materi yang disajikan adalah (1) latihan teknik dasar futsal, (2) sejarah singkat futsal, (3) peraturan futsal, serta (4) ukuran lapangan, garis, gawang, dan bola futsal. Berdasarkan tahapan-tahapan yang diadaptasi dari model pengembangan Borg and Gall maka didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut: Penilaian dan validasi ahli materi menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran baik dengan nilai rerata 3,87. Penilaian dan validasi ahli media menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran baik dengan nilai rerata 4. Hasil uji coba kelompok kecil menunjukkan hasil sangat baik yaitu rerata 4,42. Hasil uji coba kelompok besar menunjukkan hasil sangat baik dengan rerata 4,55. Pada uji operasional dan efektifitas produk, diberlakukan pre-test dan post-test terhadap 2 kelompok. Kelompok pertama yang diberikan pengaruh media, dan kelompok kedua sebagai kelompok kontrol. hasil uji coba operasional nilai pre-test 73,92 detik masuk ke dalam kategori cukup, dan untuk nilai rata-rata post-test 58,25 detik masuk ke dalam kategori cukup. Uji efektifitas menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran interaktif memiliki keefektifan yang signifkan dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel yaitu 123,922 > 1,70329 dan nilai p (signifikansi) 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti bahwa media tersebut efektif. Sebagai simpulan akhir dinyatakan bahwa produk terbukti efektif. untuk nilai rata-rata post-test 58,25 detik masuk ke dalam kategori cukup. Sebagai simpulan akhir dinyatakan bahwa produk ini terbukti efektif.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS TIGA LEVEL REPRESENTASI MENGGUNAKAN PREZI PADA MATERI KESETIMBANGAN KIMIA KELAS XI SMA/MA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Rizka Fadila Guci ◽  
Rahadian Zainul ◽  
Minda Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

Learning media based on three levels representation using Prezi is an alternative learning media that is more interesting and dynamic. Chemical equilibrium material that is difficult to understand by students will be overcome by using this learning media. This research is aimed to develop learning media based on three levels of representation using Prezi and to test the validity and practice of learning media developed. This research is a research development of Research and Development (R &amp; D) by using 4-D development model consisting of 4 stages namely (1) define (definition stage), (2) design (design stage), (3) develop (development stage) and (4) disseminate (stage of dissemination). This study is limited to the development stage. The research instrument used in the form of a questionnaire in the form of validity sheet and practicality. From the results of validity test obtained the average value of kappa moment of 0.89 with the category of very high prevalence. Practicality test results on the students obtained the average value of kappa moment of 0.80 with high practicality category, while the teachers obtained by 0.92 with the category of very high practicality. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded to produce learning media based on three levels of reprsentation using Prezi on chemical equilibrium material is valid and practical, so it can be used in the learning activity of chemistry class XI in SMA / MA.

scholarly journals Validitas dan Praktikalitas Modul Sistem Koloid Berorientasi Chemo-Entrepreneurship (CEP) untuk Kelas XI IPA SMA/MA

EduKimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Maifil Dwi Andrean ◽  
Yerimadesi Yerimadesi ◽  
Fauzana Gazali
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chemistry Teachers ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
System Module ◽  
D Model ◽  
Very High

One effort that can be done to prepare SMA/MA students in entering the world of work is equipping them with the entrepreneurship skills, namely by integrating entrepreneurship into chemistry subjects through teaching materials in the form of modules. This study aims to reveal the level of validity and practicality of a CEP-oriented colloidal system module developed for class XI SMA/MA. The type of research used is Research and Development with 4-D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The research instrument used was a questionnaire in the form of validity and practicality sheet. This module was validated by 3 UNP chemistry lectures and 2 chemistry teachers of SMAN 12 Padang. Practicality test were conducted on 2 chemistry teachers and 30 eleventh grade students of SMAN 12 Padang. Data was analyzed by Cohen’s Kappa Formula. The results of the validity test showed that the module has a very high validity category (κ= 0.86). Practicality test results by teachers and students showed that the module has very high practicality category (κ= 0.82 and 0.83). Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the module developed was valid, practical

scholarly journals Pengembangan E-Modul Laju Reaksi Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing Terintegrasi Virtual Laboratory Untuk SMA/ MA

EduKimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Gusmadila Rahma Gevi ◽  
Andromeda Andromeda
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
High School Chemistry ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Chemistry Learning ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
D Model ◽  
Very High

This study aimed to produce a reaction rate e-module based on guided inquiry integrated virtual laboratory and practical use in senior high school chemistry learning. The type of this research was Research and Development and the development model used was the 4-D model which consists of four stages: (1) define, (2) design, (3) development, (4) desseminate. This research was limited to the validity and practicality test. The validity test was carried out by 6 experts and limited trials to reveal the practicality done at SMAN 12 Padang. The research instrument used was in the form of a validity and practicality questionnaire which was analyzed using kappa moment (k) Data analysis showed that the average moment of kappa content validity was 0.89 with a very high validity category, while the average moment of kappa technical validity was 0,83 with a very high validity category. The average practical kappa moments from teachers and students were respectively 0.82 and 0.91 with a very high practicality category. These results were also supported by the analysis of students’ answers in answering critical questions, exercises, prelab questions, postlab questions, and worksheets in modules, with an average value of 82,63%. It can be concluded that the developed reaction rate e-module based on guided inquiry integrated with virtual laboratory is valid and practice to used on a learning process

scholarly journals Testing Of The Validity of Interactive Learning Module on Creative and Entrepreneurs Learning Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rini Sefriani ◽  
Indra Wijaya ◽  
Menrisal Menrisal ◽  
Muharika Dewi
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Interactive Learning ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Development Method ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Learning Module ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Creative Products

This study aims to determine the level of validity of Interactive Learning Modules in Creative Product and Entrepreneurship Subjects in Vocational Schools. The method used in this research is the 4-D Research and Development method. The steps of this research and development method are: (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop, and (4) assess. Based on research that has been done, the average value of the validator test assessment of the Creative Learning and Entrepreneurship Interactive learning module is 91.92%, so that the level of validity can be interpreted very validly used. In conclusion, based on the assessment and input from experts that the Interactive Learning Module on the subject of Creative Products and entrepreneurship in High Schools and Vocational Schools is feasible to be used in learning Creative Products and Entrepreneurship in Vocational High Schools.  

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIK INDIVIDU INSTRUMEN POKOK DASAR SISWA SMK DI BIDANG KEAHLIAN KARAWITAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismalik Perwira Admadja ◽  
Eko Marpanaji
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Multimedia Learning ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan multimedia pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran praktik individu instrumen pokok dasar, (2) mengetahui kelayakan multimedia pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran praktik individu instrumen pokok dasar, dan (3) mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan multimedia pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran praktik individu instrumen pokok dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan dengan desain model pengembangan Stephen M. Alessi dan Stanley R. Trollip. Langkah-langkah pengembangannya yaitu: (1) perencanaan; (2) desain; dan (3) pengembangan. Teknik analisis data untuk uji coba produk menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ditinjau dari aspek media dinilai “Sangat Baik” dengan skor 4,27 oleh ahli media;(2) ditinjau dari aspek materi dinilai “Sangat Baik” dengan skor 4,47 oleh ahli materi; (3) ditinjau dari aspek penggunaan dinilai “Sangat Baik” dengan skor 4,23 oleh siswa; (4) peningkatan hasil belajar siswa menunjukkan kenaikan rerata skor siswa kelas yang menggunakan multimedia sebesar 31,53 sedangkan kelas yang tidak menggunakan multimedia meningkat sebesar 20,11. Kata kunci: pengembangan, pembelajaran, multimedia pembelajaran, kelayakan. DEVELOPING LEARNING MULTIMEDIA OF INDIVIDUAL PRACTICE IN FUNDAMENTAL MUSIC INSTRUMENT FOR SMK STUDENTS IN THE EXPERTISE OF KARAWITAN Abstract The purposes of this research were: (1) to produce multimedia learning on the subject of individual practice in fundamental music instrument; (2) to determine the appropriateness of the learning multimedia in the subject of individual practice in fundamental music instrument; and (3) to determine the improvement in the students’ learning outcomes from the use of multimedia in teaching the subject of individual practice in fundamental music instrument.This research was a research and development, with the development model design by Alessi and Trollip. The development stages were as follows: (1) planning; (2) design; and (3) development. The data of the try-out of the product was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that: (1) the media aspects were rated "very good" with a score of 4.27 by the media expert; (2) the material aspects were rated "very good" with a score of 4.47 by the materials expert; (3) the aspects of using product were rated "very good" with a score of 4.23 by the students; (4)the improvement of the students’ learning outcomes in the class using the multimedia showed a mean score increase of 31.53 which was greater than that of the nonmultimedia class which was only 20.11. Keywords: development, learning, learning multimedia, appropriateness

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS CAPAIAN KOMPETENSI BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAINS DI SEKOLAH DASAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanti Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fourth Class ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Inquiry Method

This study aimed to describe effecitivity of the learning outcome IPA using inquiry method. This type of research is the Classroom Action Research (CAR). Research procedures conducted through four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach. Subjects were teachers and students of fourth class in elementary school 08 Padang City. Data was obtained from the results of observations and test results of learning. The research was conducted by two cycles and each cycle consisting of two meetings. The results of the research that has been conducted every cycle seen an increasein the average value of student learning outcomes are: (a) the cognitive aspects of 75 to 93, (b) the affective aspects of 74 to 95, and (c) psychomotor aspects from 76 to 94. It can be concluded that the CAR using the inquiry method can improve learning outcomes of science fourth grade students of fourth class in the state elementary school 08 Padang City.Key words: Learning competency; science learning; inquiry method

scholarly journals Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Laju Reaksi Berbasis Inkuiri Terstruktur Kelas XI SMA

EduKimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Rosi Efliana ◽  
Minda Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Questionnaire Validation ◽  
Chemistry Teachers ◽  
Validity Test ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Cost Constraints ◽  
D Model ◽  
Very High

Learner Worksheet (LKPD) of reaction rates based structured inquiry in class XI SMA had been dertemine validity and practicality. The type of research used is Research and Development (RD). The development model was a 4-D model consisting of 4 stages, namely (1) Define, (2) Design, (3) Develop, (4) Desseminate. The disseminate stage was not carried out due to time and cost constraints. The research instrument used was a questionnaire validation and practicality questionnaire. The validation questionnaire was filled by 3 chemistry lecturers from FMIPA UNP and 2 chemistry teachers from SMAN 2 Lubuk Basung. Practicality questionnaire was filled by 2 chemistry teachers and 30 students of class XII MIPA 3 SMAN 2 Lubuk Basung. Data were analyzed using kappa moments. The average kappa moment of validity test was 0.87 with a very high validity category. The average kappa moment of teacher were 0,88 with a very high practicality category. The average kappa moment of student were 0,87 with a very high practicality category. Thus, it was concluded that reaction rates LKPD based on structured inquiry was valid and practice.

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