Pengaruh latihan mandiri dalam rangka pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat: Study kasus atlet pencak silat Kabupaten Karawang

Pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat akibat penyebaran virus covid-19 telah mengubah olahraga di Indonesia sehingga memaksa para atlet untuk melakukan latihan mandiri di tempat tinggalnya masing-masing dengan program latihan yang dibuat oleh para pelatihnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan kapasitas aerobik, aspek kelincahan, dan daya tahan otot lokal atlet pencak silat sebelum dan sesudah masa latihan mandiri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskritptif dengan melibatkan 12 atlet pencak silat putra kategori tanding Kabupaten Karawang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi penurunan signifikan pada kapasitas aerobik (p= 0.025) dan performa kelincahan (0.042) namun pada daya tahan otot lokal tidak terdapat perbedaan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terjadi penurunan pada kapasitas aerobik dan aspek kelincahan pada atlet pencak silat Kabupaten Karawang setelah masa latihan di tempat tinggalnya masing-masing akibat dari pemberlakukan pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat (PPKM), namun pada komponen daya tahan otot-otot lokal tidak terdapat perubahan.The sports activity of badminton and responses to changes in blood uric acid at productive age AbstractThis study aims to determine whether there was a response to changes in uric acid levels due to the physical activity of badminton. The design of this study is a quasi-experimental. The sample used in this study was eight respondents with certain criteria. Treat physical activity twice on different days with 4 measurements of uric acid levels. The method of this study is repeated measure analysis. When subjects are measured repeatedly, requiring fewer subjects per experiment, then repeated measures analysis can be used. The results showed that the treatment of badminton had a significant effect on changes in uric acid levels with a probability value of 0,038. These results were obtained by using the Greenhouse-Geisser test where the assumptions of normality and homogeneity were satisfied. From the marginal test results using pairwise comparisons, there was a significant difference in the average uric acid levels at 15 minutes after exercise and 9 hours the following day, where there was a decrease of 1.169 mg/dl. Badminton can reduce uric acid levels, which is indicated by a decrease of 0.15 mg/dl at 09.00 the next day compared to before exercise. Marginally, this decrease is not statistically significant, but regular badminton can be an option for physical activity for those who want to reduce uric acid levels.

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Aktivitas olahraga bulu tangkis dan respon perubahan asam urat darah usia produktif

Jurnal Keolahragaan ◽

10.21831/jk.v9i2.43271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 279-289

Author(s):

Angkit Kinasih ◽

Ronaldo Lomi Djara ◽

Ferry Fredy Karwur

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Pairwise Comparisons ◽

Sports Activity ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Measure Analysis ◽

Repeated Measure Analysis

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya respon perubahan pada kadar asam urat akibat aktivitas olahraga bulu tangkis. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak delapan responden dengan kriteria tertentu. Perlakukan aktivitas fisik dilakukan dua kali pada hari yang berbeda dengan 4 kali pengukuran kadar asam urat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah repeated measure analysis. Ketika subyek diukur berulang kali dengan jumlah yang sedikit per percobaan maka repeated measures analysis dapat digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakukan olahraga bulu tangkis memberikan respon perubahan yang signifikan terhadap perubahan kadar asam urat dengan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,038. Hasil ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan uji Greenhouse-Geisser dimana asumsi normalitas dan homogenitas telah terpenuhi. Pada hasil uji marginal menggunakan pairwise comparisons, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada rata-rata kadar asam urat 15 menit setelah olahraga dan jam 09.00 hari berikutnya, dimana terjadi penurunan sebesar 1,169 mg/dl. Olahraga bulu tangkis dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat yang ditandai dengan adanya penurunan sebesar 0,15 mg/dl pada jam 09.00 hari berikutnya dibandingkan dengan sebelum olahraga. Secara marginal, penurunan ini tidak signifikan secara statistik, namun olahraga bulu tangkis yang rutin dapat menjadi salah satu pilihan aktifitas fisik bagi yang ingin menurunkan kadar asam urat.The sports activity of badminton and responses to changes in blood uric acid at productive ageAbstractThis study aims to determine whether there was a response to changes in uric acid levels due to the physical activity of badminton. The design of this study is a quasi-experimental. The sample used in this study was eight respondents with certain criteria. Treat physical activity twice on different days with 4 measurements of uric acid levels. The method of this study is repeated measure analysis. When subjects are measured repeatedly, requiring fewer subjects per experiment, then repeated measures analysis can be used. The results showed that the treatment of badminton had a significant effect on changes in uric acid levels with a probability value of 0,038. These results were obtained by using the Greenhouse-Geisser test where the assumptions of normality and homogeneity were satisfied. From the marginal test results using pairwise comparisons, there was a significant difference in the average uric acid levels at 15 minutes after exercise and 9 hours the following day, where there was a decrease of 1.169 mg/dl. Badminton can reduce uric acid levels, which is indicated by a decrease of 0.15 mg/dl at 09.00 the next day compared to before exercise. Marginally, this decrease is not statistically significant, but regular badminton can be an option for physical activity for those who want to reduce uric acid levels.

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Comparison of Effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and the Metacognition Treatment on Anxiety, Depression and Stress Among Breast Cancer Patients

International Clinical Neuroscience Journal ◽

10.15171/icnj.2018.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 62-66

Author(s):

Tahereh Haji Seyed Javadi ◽

Fakhri Tajikzadeh ◽

Hossein Bayat ◽

Nasim Eshraghi ◽

Zahra Roshandel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Comparison Of Effectiveness ◽

Anxiety Depression

Background: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness the metacognition treatment (MCT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on anxiety, depression, and stress in the females with breast cancer. Methods: The planning of this study is through a quasi-experimental method of pretest and posttest type with control group. The target society of the research included every cancer patient who admitted to Tehran hospitals for breast cancer. Through assigned randomly, 12 patients were selected for the MCT group and 12 patients for the MBCT group, and the other were assigned control group. The data collection tools included depression, anxiety and stress scale - 21 items (DASS-21) questionnaire. For statistical analysis, descriptive tests and repeated measures analysis of variance were performed. Results: Data analysis with repeated multivariate measurements illustrated that there is a significant difference in the rate of depression, anxiety and stress, in three groups. Conclusion: According to our results, MBCT was more effective compared to metacognitive therapy.

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Effect of Trataka (Yogic Visual Concentration) on the Performance in the Corsi-Block Tapping Task: A Repeated Measures Study

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.773049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

P. S. Swathi ◽

Raghavendra Bhat ◽

Apar Avinash Saoji

Keyword(s):

Spatial Memory ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Training Session ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Attention And Memory ◽

Measure Analysis ◽

Within Subjects ◽

Repeated Measure Analysis ◽

The Difference

Background and Objective: Attention and memory are essential aspects of cognitive health. Yogasanas, pranayama, and meditation have shown to improve cognitive functions. There has been no assessment of Trataka (yogic visual concentration) on working or on spatial memory. The present study was planned to assess the immediate effects of Trataka and of eye exercise sessions on the Corsi-block tapping task (CBTT).Methods: A total of 41 healthy volunteers of both genders with age 23.21 ± 2.81 years were recruited. All participants underwent baseline assessment, followed by 2 weeks of training in Trataka (including eye exercise). Each training session lasted for 20 min/day for 6 days a week. After completion of the training period, a 1-week washout period was given. Each participant then was assessed in two sessions in Trataka and in eye exercise on two separate days, maintaining the same time of the day. Repeated measure analysis of variance with Holm’s adjustment was performed to check the difference between the sessions.Results: Significant within-subjects effects were observed for forward Corsi span andforward total score (p < 0.001), and also for backward Corsi span (p < 0.05) and backward total score (p < 0.05). Post hoc analyses revealed Trataka session to be better than eye exercises and baseline. The eye exercise session did not show any significant changes in the CBTT.Conclusion: The result suggests that Trataka session improves working memory, spatial memory, and spatial attention.

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The effect of essential oil of rosemary on eccentric exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness in non-active women

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep190034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Rezaee ◽

R. Hajiaghaee ◽

K. Azizbeigi ◽

S. Rahmati-Ahmadabad ◽

M. Helalizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Damage Indicator ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Measure Analysis ◽

Repeated Measure Analysis ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Rosemary Essential Oil

Muscle soreness is a problem associated with physical activities. Recently, the medicinal herbs are strategies to prevent muscle soreness. The present study aims were to determine the effect of rosemary essential oil on the responses of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase (CK), lymphocytes, neutrophils, muscle swelling (MS) and muscle pain (MP) following eccentric leg curl exercise in non-active women. 24 non-active females voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned into three groups: rosemary dose 1 (RD1) (n=8; 0.25 ml), rosemary dose 2 (RD2) (n=8; 0.5 ml) and placebo (n=8; 0.5 ml olive oil). Participants in supplement groups consumed the desire amounts of rosemary essential oil every 8 h per day for 14 days. Then, the eccentric leg curl exercise was performed. The supplementation continued until 72 h after exercise. The serum variables, as well as, MS and MP were measured before, 24, 48 and 72 h after exercise. Data were analysed using repeated measure analysis of variance and P≤0.05 considered as significant. The results showed that rosemary significantly decreases CK in RD2 compared with placebo and RD1 48 h after exercise. There was no other significant difference in other serum variables. In conclusion, the present study showed a beneficial effect of rosemary on 48-h post-exercise serum CK concentration (a muscle damage indicator).

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Homeopathic Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: An Open, Single-Arm, Non-Comparative Study

Homœopathic Links ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1714377 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (04) ◽

pp. 272-282

Author(s):

Rashmi Sharma ◽

Raj K. Manchanda

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Intention To Treat ◽

Specific Outcome ◽

Measure Analysis ◽

Repeated Measure Analysis ◽

Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Background Acne is often treated at homeopathic clinics in India based on existing literature without using any measurable parameters and the outcomes are seldom reported, hence this study. Objective To evaluate the effects of homeopathy on the treatment of acne using specific outcome measures related to severity and disability. Methods It is an open, single-arm, non-comparative study undertaken at a clinic located in rural India using individualised homeopathy. Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) scores and Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) scores were analysed at baseline and post medication at 3 and 6 months using one-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 to assess the outcomes of intervention. Results Eighty-four patients enrolled in the study were analysed under modified intention to treat approach. Nat-m (n = 14), Calc-s (n = 14), Sulph (n = 13), Kali-br (n = 10) and Hep-s (n = 9) were the most frequently used remedies. Significant differences were found in the severity of the disease and quality of life (QoL) from baseline to 6 months in terms of GAGS (mean difference, 15.47; standard error [SE], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.79–17.16; p < 0.001) and CADI (mean difference, 6.94; SE, 0.33; 95% CI, 6.12–7.75; p < 0.001) scores. A one–way repeated measures ANOVA was calculated and significant effects were found for GAGS scores (Wilks's lambda = 0.142; F [2, 82] = 248.50; p < 0.001; effect size = 0.748) and CADI scores (Wilks's lambda = 0.159; F [2, 82] = 217; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.786) at baseline and 3 and 6 months post medication. There was a positive correlation between the GAGS and CADI: r = 0.585, n = 84, p < 0.001. Conclusions Acne can be effectively treated at homeopathic clinics along with improvement in QoL of patients. Increase in severity of acne was associated with worsening of QoL. Further pragmatic studies with comparative cohort is desirable.

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Is metformin effective to prevent weight gain associated with risperidone?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73417-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1713-1713

Author(s):

F. Farshidfar ◽

N. Koleini ◽

M. Sadramely

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Metformin Treatment ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Measure Analysis

To evaluate the effect of metformin treatment on the risperidone-induced body weight gain in patients.In a 12-weeks, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial between October 2006 and October 2007 which was conducted in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Consultation Center of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 49 patients were entered the study with schizophrenia diagnosis. Then metformin (500 mg bid) or placebo was administrated with risperidone (6 mg) for the patients. Weight, height, and body mass index BMI were measured at the beginning, at 4 weeks, and at 12 weeks of the study. Changes in weight and BMI were evaluated by using repeated measures analysis of variance.Seventeen patients were excluded from the study. Repeated measure analysis of variances showed a significant difference between weight and BMI in both metformin (p < 0.001, p < 0.015) and placebo group (p < 0.013, p < 0.005).Metformin treatment did not show a significant effect to control the body weight of patients after 12 weeks.

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The effect of Sports-based Physical Activity programme on teachers’ relatedness, stress and exercise motivation

Health Education Journal ◽

10.1177/0017896920906185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 658-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gi-cheol Kim ◽

Rachel Gurvitch

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

School Principal ◽

Exercise Motivation ◽

Physical Activity Programme ◽

Teacher Wellness ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Impact

Background: Teacher wellness affects teaching performance and students’ academic achievement; hence, teacher wellness matters and should be a concern to educational researchers and practitioners. There are several teacher wellness approaches, but no one of them specifically focuses on a Sports-based Physical Activity programme. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a Sports-based Physical Activity programme on teachers’ relatedness, stress and motivation towards physical activity. Method: Middle school teachers ( n = 32) volunteered to participate in the research as programme participants ( n = 12) or non-programme participants ( n = 20). The Sports-based Physical Activity programme included 7 weeks of training in Catchball, a team sport and a tournament as the culminating event. The study adopted a mixed-methods design: a quasi-experimental design collecting quantitative data from online surveys and a case study design collecting qualitative data from interviews with the programme participants, non-participants and the school principal. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that the Sports-based Physical Activity programme was effective in relatedness, F(1, 30) = 5.16, p = .031, [Formula: see text] = .147, and in one of the six motivation subscales, external regulation, F(1, 30) = 4.23, p = .048, [Formula: see text] = .124. The qualitative analysis findings supported the programme’s contribution to teachers’ relationship, stress and exercise motivation. Conclusion: Overall, the programme was effective in promoting teachers’ relationships in school, controlling levels of teachers’ stress and fostering teachers’ motivation towards physical activity. Further studies are required to examine the impact of a Sports-based Physical Activity approach in diverse school contexts and its impact on student learning.

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Efektivitas Comprehensive Breastfeeding Education terhadap Keberhasilan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Postpartum

Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran ◽

10.24198/jkp.v1i2.56 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Irma Nurbaeti ◽

Kustati Budi Lestari

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Breastfeeding Support ◽

Breastfeeding Practices ◽

Breastfeeding Education ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Mean ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

Postpartum Mothers

Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) masih merupakan masalah bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi bayi baru lahir. Dukungan agar ibu menyusui bayi merupakan hal penting dalam menginisiasi dan mempertahankan pemberian ASI. Strategi dibutuhkan untuk mendukung keberhasilan menyusui. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis efektivitas comprehensive breastfeeding education terhadap keberhasilan pemberian (ASI) pada periode postpartum. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperimen one group pre post test repeated measured design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 22 ibu dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan September–Oktober 2013 di Puskesmas wilayah Kota Tangerang Selatan. Intervensi dilakukan selama 30 menit. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sebelum intervensi, 3 hari setelah intervensi (post1), dan 10 hari setelah intervensi (post 2). Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Keberhasilan pemberian ASI berdasar pada parameter pengetahuan, langkah menyusui, perlekatan bayi, dan kecukupan ASI. Analisis data menggunakan general linear model repeated measureANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya signifikansi comprehensive breastfeeding education (p=0.001). Rata-rata keberhasilan pemberian ASI sebelum dan setelah intervensi meningkat. Sebesar 93,9% intervensi memengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan. Rata-rata sebelum intervensi 56,74 (SD 5,92), post 1 sebesar 60,83 (SD 6,38) dan post2 sebesar 74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariabel yang memiliki efek secara signifikan setelah intervensi adalah pengetahuan (p=0.001) dan langkah menyusui (p=0.001), sedangkan subvariabel perlekatan bayi (p=0.061) dan kecukupan ASI (p=0.162) tidak secara signifikan berbeda antara sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Pelaksanaanbreastfeeding education disarankan pada ibu agar dapat melakukan posisi perlekatan bayi yang benar sehingga dapat mengurangi masalah-masalah berkaitan dengan perlekatan yang tidak sesuai seperti puting perih, lecet atau berdarah, dan bayi kurang puas dalam menyusu yang bisa mengakibatkan gagalnya program ASI ekslusif.Kata kunci:Menyusui, pendidikan, perlekatan, postpartum AbstractBreastfeeding have still been problem for adequate newborn nutrition. Adequate breastfeeding support is essential for mothers to initiate and maintain optimal breastfeeding practices. A strategic needed to support successful breastfeeding. The purpose of research is to analyze the effectiveness comprehensive breastfeeding education on successful breastfeeding at postpartum periods. A quasi-experimental one group pretest, post test, repeated mesaured was used. This study was conducted at public health in Tangerang Selatan municipality in September–October 2013 among 22 postpartum mothers, convenience sampling methods. Intervention was done 30 minute. Data were collected before intervention (pretest), third day after intervention (post 1) and tenth day after intervention (repeated/post 2) using four parameter, that are knowledge, breastfeeding steps, proper lacth-on and adequate breastmilk. Using repeated measures analysis of variance there was a significant increase (p=0.001) in the overall Successful breastfeeding mean. Around 93,9% the effectiveness of intervention influence on successful. The mean before intervention is 56,74 (SD 5,92), increased at post 1:60,83 (SD 6,38) and post 2:74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariable which has effect significantly after intervention is knowledge (p=0.001) and breastfeeding steps (p=0.001), in contrary, proper latch-on (p=0,061) and adequate breastmilk (p=0.162) have no significant effect after intervention. Suggestion to support breastfeeding education and counselling proper latch-on adequately that can decrease the problem such as painful, creaks or bloody putting.Key words: Breastfeeding, education, latch-on, postpartum

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Comparison of Mean Platelet Counts in Preterm Infants with and without Retinopathy of Prematurity

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073783 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3783

Author(s):

Zi Di Lim ◽

Edwin Pheng ◽

Evelyn Tai Li Min ◽

Hans Van Rostenberghe ◽

Ismail Shatriah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Primary Source ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Related Risk ◽

Measure Analysis ◽

Repeated Measure Analysis ◽

Over Time

Platelets are a primary source of pro- and anti-angiogenic cytokines. However, the evidence of their role in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is controversial. This retrospective study aimed to compare mean weekly platelet counts between infants with and without ROP over the first 6 weeks of life. A total of 93 infants matched by gestational age and birth weight were recruited (31 with ROP, 62 without ROP). Weekly mean platelet counts and other related risk factors were documented. The repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the repeated measure analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare mean platelet counts over time between the two groups, with and without adjusting for confounders. We found significant differences in the weekly mean platelet counts of infants with and without ROP over the first 6 weeks of life (p = 0.002). These differences disappeared after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.489). Lower mean platelet counts in ROP infants are not directly related to ROP, but rather to the presence of other risk factors for ROP, such as culture-proven sepsis, blood transfusion and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

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Location, Location, Location: Accelerometer Placement Affects Steps-Based Physical Activity Outcomes During Pregnancy and Postpartum

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine ◽

10.1177/15598276211030472 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155982762110304

Author(s):

Mallory R. Marshall ◽

Alexander H. K. Montoye ◽

Michelle R. Conway ◽

Rebecca A. Schlaff ◽

Karin A. Pfeiffer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Time Points ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Vigorous Intensity ◽

The Right ◽

Physical Changes ◽

Intensity Classification ◽

Measurement Validity

As pregnancy progresses, physical changes may affect physical activity (PA) measurement validity. n = 11 pregnant women (30.1 ± 3.8 years) wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the right hip, right ankle, and non-dominant wrist for 3–7 days during the second and third trimesters (21 and 32 weeks, respectively) and 12 weeks postpartum. Data were downloaded into 60-second epochs from which stepping cadence was calculated; repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences among placements. At all time points, the wrist accelerometer measured significantly more daily steps (9930–10 452 steps/d) and faster average stepping cadence (14.5–14.6 steps/min) than either the hip (4972–5944 steps/d, 7.1–8.6 steps/min) or ankle (7161–8205 steps/d, 10.3–11.9 steps/min) placement, while moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity at the wrist (1.2–1.7 min/d) was significantly less than either hip (3.0–5.9 min/d) or ankle (6.1–7.3 min/d). Steps, cadence, and counts were significantly lower for the hip than the ankle at all time points. Kappa calculated for agreement in intensity classification between the various pairwise comparisons ranged from .06 to .41, with Kappa for hip–ankle agreement (.34–.41) significantly higher than for wrist–ankle (.09–.11) or wrist–hip (.06–.16). These data indicate that wrist accelerometer placement during pregnancy likely results in over counting of PA parameters and should be used with caution.

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