scholarly journals The role of financing companies in supporting small projects in Iraq for (2006-2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Nihad Khalid ◽  
Younis A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Shed Light

The main objective of this study is to shed light on the reality of financing small projects, to show their economic impacts and challenges, and to clarify the correlation between the effectiveness of small projects and their financing institutions and companies.        In order to achieve the objectives of the study was based on the comparative descriptive analytical method to determine the status of the current small projects in Iraq, and then study the role of financing companies in the circumstances experienced in Iraqi economy.    One of the most important findings of the study, despite the security and economic difficulties in Iraq, the Iraqi Company for Bank Guarantees and the Iraqi Company for the financing of small and medium projects has a good contributed to the financing and support of small projects in Iraq through the establishment of new projects and the re-operation of some of the projects stalled, which led to the job creation and income generation (contributing to the raising of GDP). Moreover, it is necessary to set a comprehensive plan by the government to encourage finance companies and banks more justice between different social groups, governorates and economic sectors.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PNPM MANDIRI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN DALAM MENDUKUNG INDUSTRIALIASI PERIKANAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Suryawati ◽  
Andrian Ramadhan ◽  
Mira Mira ◽  
Nensyana Shafitri ◽  
Subhechanis Saptanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
National Program ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Outcome Performance

Perikanan merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan nasional dan lapangan pekerjaan bagimasyarakat Indonesia. Peran penting sektor tersebut pada saat ini belum diiringi dengan pengoptimalanpemanfaatan potensi yang ada. Salah satu upaya pemerintah adalah melalui Program NasionalPemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Kelautan dan Perikanan (PNPM Mandiri KP) sebagai upaya untukmengentaskan kemiskinan yang lebih dari 60 persen berada di wilayah pesisir. Anggaran yang tidaksedikit dikucurkan untuk program tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kinerjaoutcome dan kinerja manfaat dan dampak dari PNPM Mandiri KP pada berbagai usaha perikanan.Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari – Mei 2013. Metode pengolahan data yang digunakan padapenelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja outcome PNPMMandiri KP pada kelompok perikanan tangkap, pembudidaya ikan, pengolah/pemasar, dan petambakgaram berturut-turut adalah: 1) 19 persen, 37 persen, 27 persen dan 31 persen untuk peningkatanproduksi dan produktivitas; dan 2) 54 persen, 33 persen, 57 persen dan 31 persen untuk peningkatanpendapatan. Kinerja manfaat dan dampak seperti tercantum dalam petunjuk pelaksanaan PNPM MandiriKP yaitu perkembangan usaha, berfungsinya kelompok sebagai lembaga ekonomi dan berkurangnyakemiskinan di lokasi program belum terindikasi secara eksplisit karena terkendala sistem pendataanyang tidak mencakup pengukuran kinerja tersebut. Rekomendasi yang diusulkan sebagai perbaikankebijakan di masa mendatang diantaranya adalah: 1) program harus diarahkan pada pembinaandalam aspek kewirausahaan, manajemen usaha dan manajemen keuangan; 2) masyarakat yang tidakmenerima bantuan dilibatkan sebagai bagian dari skenario program; dan 3) menyertakan programprogrampembinaan dan pendampingan yang diarahkan pada penyiapan penerima program untukmemanfaatkan kenaikan pendapatannya untuk digunakan sebagai fasilitas yang dapat meningkatkanproduksi dan pendapatan lebih besar lagi pada saat mereka tidak lagi mendapatkan bantuan.Title: Evaluation of Marine And Fisheries National Program on PeopleEmpowerement in Support to Fishery IndustrializationFisheries represents a notable source of income generation and job creation for Indonesia.The important role of fisheries has so far not been followed by optimalization of the existing potentials.Recognizing this, the government is currently carried out a program called the Marine and FisheriesMandiri National Program on People Empowerment (PNPM Mandiri KP), which represents a relevanteffort to alleviate poverty, wherein 60% of which occurs in the coastal areas. A significant amount ofbudget has been allocated to this program. This objective of this research is to identify the benefit, impactand outcome performance of the program. The research was carried out during the period of Januaryto May 2013. The data processing and interpretation approach that was adopted in this research isdescriptive approach. The research shows that the outcome performance of the program in capture fishery, aquaculture and fish processor/marketer groups are respectively 19 percent, 37 percent, 27 percent and 31percent for production and productivity increases and respectively 54 percent, 33 percent, 57 percent and 31 percentfor the income increase. Benefit and income performances, which include business development, functioning groups aseconomic institutions and poverty reduction in the area has not been indicated explicitly due to lack of data. This papersuggests that future improvement can be advanced through the following: 1) putting more attention on developmentof entrepreneurship, business management and financial management; 2) involving non-receivers in the programscenario; and 3) including empowerment program to recipients to utilize their income tobe used as a facilityto increaseproduction and more income when they didn’t get program anymore.

The Role of Entrepreneurship in Local Economic Growth: Example of Gaziantep

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Vahit Eren ◽  
Erdinç Tutar ◽  
Filiz Tutar ◽  
Çisil Erkan
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Financial Growth

In order to avoid social inequality of opportunity and improvement of local economies have become government policies in Turkey, as it is in other countries around the world. Incentives, regional development agencies, techno parks and also local entrepreneurs play crucial role in the improvement process of local economies. The increasing rivalry and globalization concept necessitate entrepreneurs to take more risks, to reach innovations to seize opportunities in optimum level. Entrepreneurship is a motor vessel in financial growth and in development, and entrepreneurship is also the source of innovation and creativity. In this regard, the more entrepreneurship develops in a country, the higher level of welfare possesses the chance to advance. The purpose of this report, in which it has been aimed to reveal vital role of entrepreneurship in the progress of local economies, is emphasizing the status of entrepreneurship that transformed Gaziantep’s socio-economic level of development into its present position. Thus with this aim a SWOT analysis, in terms of Gaziantep’s economic entrepreneurship has been carried out. Positive contributions of Gaziantep’s immensely developed industry, facilitation of local innovative entrepreneurs’ involvement in various local economic sectors and in accordance channeling immigration into deployment in local economy have been observed in this study. Significantly it has been observed that plenitude of “opportunist entrepreneurship” or in other words “the entrepreneurs with strategic growth plans” in this region contributed local economy positively.

Role of Income Generation Programme in Women Empowerment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalakha Rao ◽  
Shivani Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Skill Training ◽  
Safe Motherhood ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Support Programme ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The connection between poverty and women's lack of power over resources and decision-making has now caught the attention of policymakers in government and mainstream development all over the world. Women empowerment issues perceived nationally or locally are being addressed by both state and non-state agencies. Beside the government intervention, NGOs are implementing various types of Women Empowerment Programmes including IG Programmes. Women Empowerment Programmes in India include livelihood support Programme, rehabilitation and job placement for rescued women, safe motherhood Programme and so forth. In spite of involvement of various NGOs in women empowerment through Income Generation and Skill Development Programmes, the status of women is still not satisfactory in India as various official as well as unofficial reports claim and the outcomes against the stated objectives of the NGOs' Women Empowerment Programmes are often questioned. Therefore, the present study is focused in assessing the impact of IG Programmes run by non-government organizations in empowering women. The researcher hypothesizes that IG Programme with its components viz., skill training, resource inputs of loan and equipment help to increase income to the women through independent business or work in the related field; the increased income lessens their dependence on family heads and enables to spend for personal expenses; gives them certain freedoms as individuals; enables them to contribute to family affairs financially, which creates an environment in the family in favor or the women to accept her views and participation in family matters like education, marriage, purchase etc.

scholarly journals Impact Study on Social Accounting Matrix by Intrabusiness Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12547
Author(s):  
Monica Laura Zlati ◽  
Romeo-Victor Ionescu ◽  
Valentin Marian Antohi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Systems ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Government ◽  
Current Concerns

According to the current concerns about social welfare and environmental protection, integrated in a model assimilated to intrabusiness relations, our research started from the analysis of the initial model SAM, which will be transformed in order to develop the SAMI model under six research objectives. The need of improving SAM matrix started to connect it directly to the regional economic systems and continued to a new approach on Input-Output Analysis. Nowadays, SAM describes the intraregional connections between regional economic actors using the role of different income categories. Moreover, SAM can quantify different regional multipliers. All deficiencies previously identified in connection to SAM model have been reviewed and resolved within the proposed SAMI model by the authors of this paper. The purpose of this research is the launch of an absolutely new mathematical model (SAMI) and its practical testing at regional level. This model is able to systematize the links between the local and regional businesses, under the matrix (SAMI) flow, for all kinds of companies and to assist the regional decision, as well. Czamanski was not able to escape from the input-output prison’s approach. This is why he continued to use the linear interdependencies between the industries, economic sectors and economic actors. The income is able only to approximate the individuals and other economic actors’ welfare. If the increase in the average and aggregate income is doubled by an unfair distribution of income in two countries which have the same average income, the effects on welfare vary a lot. A relatively similar effect comes from the government policy differences in income distribution and redistribution.

De Nederlandse taal als luxe-waar op de Surinaamse markt?

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Hugo W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
European Population ◽  
National Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
The Government ◽  
Attitudinal Changes

In the multilingual community of Surinam the official language is Dutch. This language has occupied the official status during almost three centuries of colonial government, the intermediate stage of self-government (as part of the kingdom of the Netherlands from 1954 through 1975) and after complete independence in 1975. Though the status of official language did not change, a different language policy had to be adopted with respect to different role components in each of four historical periods. The language policy adopted in each of these periods can be considered the result of social changes which took place, and of attitudinal changes with respect to the functioning of other languages in the community. The changing role of the Dutch language in the four periods is discussed in terms of its changing socio-linguistic profile. The first change was that from an ethnic group specific position (the European population only) to an obligatory position which concerned the whole population. In each of these two periods Dutch was used in relation to all main functions (communication* education., religion and literature). During the period in which Dutch played the ethnic specific role the language Sranan was used as a promoted language to perform the same functions for the slave population of the 17th, 18th and 19th century. This language was also used as language of communication between the Europeans and the slaves. The social change from a slavery society to a society of citizens only had forced the governement to discourage the use of Sranan and to consider Dutch the only language in the country. This obligatory position was eventually disregarded in favor of a partial role of the Dutch language in a multicultural society. The recognition by the government of a multitude of cultural ambitions has led it to accept the possibility of the sharing of functions among languages. Especially with respect to intergroupcoinmunication and literature, the recognition-of the role of Sranan as national language became the main feature of this period. However, the emergency of Surinam-Dutch, as a variety (xized language) of the Dutch language used by the majority of the Dutch speaking community in Surinam, has given the governement of the new republic of Surinam an opportunity to promote cultural integration by means of this language variety. Though this too will have to share functions with Sranan (inter-group communication, literature, etc.), it is suggested that a stan-dardized version might not only change its promoted language status into that of national official language but also give a better criterion to judge and to stimulate performances in education and literature.

scholarly journals Slavistics at St. Petersburg and Greifswald Universities (results of cooperation)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-708
Author(s):  
Harry Walter ◽  
◽  
Valerij M. Mokienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ◽  
State University ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Slavic Studies

The article offers a review on the history of Slavic studies at St. Petersburg and Greifswald universities from the era of Peter the Great to present day. The role of Professor Lyudmila Verbitskaya is highlighted who always actively supported the activities of the Department of Slavic Philology (for example, she approved the initiative to create a department of Ukrainian studies in the early 2000s). Thanks Verbitskaya, St. Petersburg University was historically recognized as the first university in Russia founded by Peter the Great in 1724, which was proven by archival materials stored in Greifswald. Peter the Great, in the assembly hall of the University of Greifswald in September 1712, at a meeting of the Academic Council received a proposal from the President of the German Academy of Sciences Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz on the establishment of a university in St. Petersburg with a European status. The status of the first university was officially recognized by a decree of the Government of the Russian Fed- eration in 1999 when the 275th anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg State University was celebrated. As the Rector of St. Petersburg University, Verbitskaya in 2006 concluded an inter-university agreement with the Rector of the University of Greifswald Professor Jürgen Kohler. Slavic scholars and professors from St. Petersburg and Greifswald Universities collaborate closely. One of the active pedagogical and scientific areas of such cooperation is Slavic studies, which have long combined the efforts of Russian and German philologists.

scholarly journals Új kihívások a középszintű államigazgatásban 2016-tól napjainkig A területi kormányhivatalok és járások továbbfejlesztésének főbb lépései és iránya

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Attila Barta ◽  
Viktória Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
National Representation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Territorial Government

This paper deals with the alteration of sub-national representation of government. Nowadays in Hungary the aforementioned institutions are called county (capital) government offices. The overview gives rise to the following research questions: Who are these representatives and what is the role of territorial government offices? Why interesting the Hungarian administrative improvement? What the future holds? The study concludes that the Hungarian Government has a comprehensive plan on the development of public administration until 2020, and the government offices and their districts play a pivotal role in this plan.

scholarly journals Transcaucasia: Towards a New Explosion?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
V. M. Mukhanov
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Complex Landscape ◽  
The Government

The article attempts to analyze the current situation in Transcaucasia and identify the main actors, factors of influence and forces that shape the processes of domestic development in a number of republics of the region. The author comes to the conclusion that the region is in a state of “cooldown”, after 25 years of almost continual instability which, in turn, was a source of numerous internal conflicts. However, broad analysis of internal situation in the states of Transcaucasia with the inclusion of foreign influences shows a more complex landscape. Major players, such as the US and Russia, avoid increasing their presence in the region, which opens a wideWINDOW of opportunities for regional powers, such as Turkey and Iran. Against the background of decreasing interest in Transcaucasia by the world leaders, the region is returning to its historical status as a periphery. This process is characterized by a reduction in the influence of foreign actors and a rise in the role of the factors that cause general instability. These include, first and foremost, unresolved conflicts, unstable political, social and economic situation at home and specific political behaviors displayed by local elites. The April war of 2016 in Nagorno-Karabakh indicates a violation of the status quo and may lead to a high probability of new clashes in the conflict zone. The war highlighted a complex set of problems faced by Armenia and Azerbaijan in recent years. In both countries, against a backdrop of degrading economies, there is a growing split between the government and the society, as well as tensions within the elites. Similar processes are on the rise in Georgia. The situation in Abkhazia and South Ossetia is somewhat different, as the two countries could be classified as periphery to a periphery, and thus are developing in isolation from the common Caucasian agenda. Nevertheless, these countries also show a complex set of internal contradictions which tend to break out from time to time. This is symptomatic of a serious challenge facing the region. The countries that emerged on the other side of the Caucasus Mountains since 1991 are still searching for optimal models of national development.

Empowering Communities to cope Flood Risk: Learning from Flood affected Community in Narowal District, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
M. Asim ◽  
M. Nadeem ◽  
G. Saima
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Community empowerment plays a significant role in adapting and organizing flood risks and impacts. The flood impacts the livelihood, infrastructure, production system and sustainable development. The flood in 2014 has severely affected the Narowal district and has put a momentous impact on the communities residing in those places. The six most affected villages in Narowal were selected for this research study. The data was collected by conducting field surveys followed by structured interviews in study area. This study was carried out to assess the role of government institutions and to evaluate the status of community empowerment. The structured interviews were conducted with the officials of the various institutions and 121 affected respondents were identified to conduct the primary survey. This study concluded that more than 42% respondents did not leave home because of the nonavailability of the shelter point. More than 75% respondents were dissatisfied with the efforts of government during a flood. This study inferred that 9.09% and 67.77% respondents were highly dissatisfied and dissatisfied respectively with the efforts of the Government during flood in empowering communities to cope with flood risk. The government institutions should take suitable actions to comprehend the issues of the communities to bring them in sustainable trends.

Les religions au Chili entre l'aliénation et la prise de conscience

1974 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lalive d'Epinay ◽  
Jacques Zylberberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Complex Relationships

The multiple forms of the religious phenomenon and its cosmologies have often been pointed out. The social role of a religion can never be defined once and for all. The role played by religion as an agent for social protest and awareness or as a factor of the status quo must be made explicit for each historical period and specific social group. How are the religions in Chili situated between these functions of alienation and awareness ? The authors of this article examine the positions of Indian animism, Catholicism and Protestantism and outline the complex relationships exist ing between the nation, classes, social groups, and religious behavior in Chili.

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