scholarly journals Caking Phenomena During Pilot-Scale Crystallization of Dextrose Monohydrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Bayu Mahdi Kartika ◽  
Harsojo Harsojo ◽  
Eriawan Rismana
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Computational Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Rushton Turbine ◽  
Helical Ribbon ◽  
Bulk Chemical ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Dextrose Monohydrate (DMH) is a bulk chemical used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. The caking often appeared in the crystallization of DMH. Caking is an agglomeration that can affect the product quality of DMH and is dependent on the type of impeller. This study aimed to determine the type of impeller to avoid the caking during the DMH crystallization and identify the DMH caking. The results showed that caking did not occur on the helical ribbon and anchor impeller, while caking appeared on the Rushton turbine impeller. Computational fluid mechanics (CFD) analysis showed that caking occurs due to uneven homogeneity of stirring. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that DMH caking and non-caking had the same peak pattern. Meanwhile, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the DMH caking seen agglomerate. Density analysis showed that DMH with caking was 1.257–1.350 kg/L, while the non-caking was 0.504–0.780 kg/L. Caking phenomena during the DMH crystallization can be avoided by using a helical ribbon and anchor impeller. FTIR and XRD analysis cannot be used to identify DMH caking products; meanwhile, optical microscope, SEM, and density analyzes can be used to identify DMH caking products.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Bionanofiller Dari Limbah Serbuk Kayu Meranti Sebagai Pengisi Pada Polimer Komposit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Fauzi M. Djuned
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Carbon Phase ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Functional Group Analysis

<p>Utilization of wood powder is one of the alternative in waste wood prevention which has not been optimally utilized. Utilization of bionanofiller based on wood waste such as wood powder can also reduce dependence on raw materials such as silica, clay, bentonite, zeolite which diminished its existence. The sample used in this study is Meranti wood powder which is then prepared and characterized. The characterization of bionanofiller waste of Meranti wood powder is done by analyzing particle density, XRD, SEM, and FTIR. Particle density analysis showed Meranti wood powder having density of 0,044 gr/cm . XRD analysis shows that the maximum peak at an angle of 2θ = 22,2o 3 indicates the presence of carbon phase. The results of SEM analysis of Meranti wood powder are suitable for use as fillers because they are 1 μm in size. The result of functional group analysis shows the presence of functional groups -OH, -CH3, -CH2, C = C, C-H and C-O.</p>

Spark Plasma Sintering of Hybrid Nanocomposites of Hydroxyapatite Reinforced with CNTs and SS316L for Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif Hussain ◽  
Adnan Maqbool ◽  
Abbas Saeed Hakeem ◽  
Fazal Ahmad Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Asif Rafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma

Background: The development of new bioimplants with enhanced mechanical and biomedical properties have great impetus for researchers in the field of biomaterials. Metallic materials such as stainless steel 316L (SS316L), applied for bioimplants are compatible to the human osteoblast cells and bear good toughness. However, they suffer by corrosion and their elastic moduli are very high than the application where they need to be used. On the other hand, ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HAP), is biocompatible as well as bioactive material and helps in bone grafting during the course of bone recovery, it has the inherent brittle nature and low fracture toughness. Therefore, to overcome these issues, a hybrid combination of HAP, SS316L and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been synthesized and characterized in the present investigation. Methods: CNTs were acid treated to functionalize their surface and cleaned prior their addition to the composites. The mixing of nano-hydroxyapatite (HAPn), SS316L and CNTs was carried out by nitrogen gas purging followed by the ball milling to insure the homogeneous mixing of the powders. In three compositions, monolithic HAPn, nanocomposites of CNTs reinforced HAPn, and hybrid nanocomposites of CNTs and SS316L reinforced HAPn has been fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Results: SEM analysis of SPS samples showed enhanced sintering of HAP-CNT nanocomposites, which also showed significant sintering behavior when combined with SS316L. Good densification was achieved in the nanocomposites. No phase change was observed for HAP at relatively higher sintering temperatures (1100°C) of SPS and tricalcium phosphate phase was not detected by XRD analysis. This represents the characteristic advantage with enhanced sintering behavior by SPS technique. Fracture toughness was found to increase with the addition of CNTs and SS316L in HAPn, while hardness initially enhanced with the addition of nonreinforcement (CNTs) in HAPn and then decrease for HAPn-CNT-SS316L hybrid nanocomposites due to presence of SS316L. Conclusion: A homogeneous distribution of CNTs and SPS technique resulted in the improved mechanical properties for HAPn-CNT-SS316L hybrid nanocomposites than other composites and suggested their application as bioimplant materials.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of corn starch/PVA/glycerol composite films incorporated with ε-polylysine as a novel antimicrobial packaging material

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Yurong ◽  
Li Dapeng
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Antimicrobial Packaging

AbstractCorn starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/glycerol composite films incorporated with ε-polylysine were prepared, and their properties were investigated. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the interactions happened between the amino group of ε-polylysine and hydroxyl group starch/PVA composite films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the addition of ε-polylysine decreased the intensity of all crystal peaks. Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis suggested that ε-polylysine improved the thermal stability of composite films. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis showed that the upper surface of composite films incorporated with ε-polylysine presented more compact and flat surface. The antimicrobial activity of the composite film progressively increased with the increasing of ε-polylysine concentration (P < 0.05). The tensile strength, elongation at break and water absorption significantly increased, whereas water solubility decreased with the increasing of ε-polylysine concentration (P < 0.05). Therefore, the corn starch/PVA/glycerol composite films incorporated with ε-polylysine had good mechanical, physical and antimicrobial properties and could have potential application as a novel antimicrobial packaging material.

scholarly journals Development of Nervilia fordii Extract-Loaded Electrospun PVA/PVP Nanocomposite for Antioxidant Packaging

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1728
Author(s):  
Peng Wen ◽  
Teng-Gen Hu ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
Ke-Er Li ◽  
Wei-Peng Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

An ethyl acetate extract from of Nervilia fordii (NFE) with considerable suppression activity on lipid peroxidation (LPO) was first obtained with total phenolic and flavonoid contents and anti-LPO activity (IC50) of 86.67 ± 2.5 mg GAE/g sample, 334.56 ± 4.7 mg RE/g extract and 0.307 mg/mL, respectively. In order to improve its stability and expand its application in antioxidant packaging, the nano-encapsulation of NFE within poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyvinyl(pyrrolidone) (PVP) bio-composite film was then successfully developed using electrospinning. SEM analysis revealed that the NFE-loaded fibers exhibited similar morphology to the neat PVA/PVP fibers with a bead-free and smooth morphology. The encapsulation efficiency of NFE was higher than 90% and the encapsulated NFE still retained its antioxidant capacity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the successful encapsulation of NFE into fibers and their compatibility, and the thermal stability of which was also improved due to the intermolecular interaction demonstrated by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The ability to preserve the fish oil’s oxidation and extend its shelf-life was also demonstrated, suggesting the obtained PVA/PVP/NFE fiber mat has the potential as a promising antioxidant food packaging material.

PREPARATION AND FERROELECTRIC PROPERTY OF (100)-ORIENTED Ca0.4Sr0.6Bi4Ti4O15 THIN FILM ON Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si SUBSTRATE

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUHUA FAN ◽  
QUANDE CHE ◽  
FENGQING ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Ferroelectric Property ◽  
Remanent Polarization ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Degree Of Orientation ◽  
Equiaxed Grains

The (100)-oriented Ca0.4Sr0.6Bi4Ti4O15(C0.4S0.6BTi ) thin film was successfully prepared by a sol-gel method on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. The orientation and formation of thin films under different annealing schedules were studied using XRD and SEM. XRD analysis indicated that (100)-oriented C0.4S0.6BTi thin film with degree of orientation of I(200)/I(119) = 1.60 was prepared by preannealing the film at 400°C for 3 min followed by rapid thermal annealing at 800°C for 5 min. SEM analysis further indicated that the (100)-oriented C0.4S0.6BTi thin film with a thickness of about 800 nm was mainly composed of equiaxed grains. The remanent polarization and coercive field of the film were 16.1 μC/cm2 and 85 kV/cm, respectively.

scholarly journals Sonochemically synthetized ZnO-Graphene nanohybrids and its characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornel Cobianu ◽  
Niculae Dumbravescu ◽  
Bogdan-Catalin Serban ◽  
Octavian Buiu ◽  
Cosmin Romanitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raman Band ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Carbon Incorporation ◽  
Additional Amount ◽  
Ph Increase ◽  
Compositional Properties ◽  
Crystalline Symmetry

AbstractThe paper presents the morphological, structural and compositional properties of the sonochemically prepared ZnO-1.4wt% Graphene (Z-G) nanocomposites as a function of pH value of suspension varying from 8.5 to 14 and thermal annealing at 450°C in nitrogen or air ambient. The SEM analysis of the Z-G hybrids dried at 150°C in air has shown a nano-flower like nanostructure for a pH value of 14. The XRD analysis of dried Z-G hybrids revealed a crystallite size increase from 3.5 nm to 18.4 nm with pH increase, and this result was explained in terms of colloids zeta potential evolution with pH value. The Raman and EDS spectroscopy have shown a split of the G band (1575 cm−1) of graphene into two bands (1575 cm−1 and 1605 cm−1), an increased height of D (1323 cm−1) band, and an additional amount of carbon due to CO2 absorption from the air, respectively. The carbon incorporation increased with the decrease of pH, and was associated with a hydrozincite phase, Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6. The formation of dried Z-G nanocomposite was clearly demonstrated only at a pH value equal to 14, where two ZnO Raman active bands at 314.9 cm−1 and 428.2 cm−1 appeared. This result may indicate the sensitivity of the Raman spectroscopy to the nanoflower-like nanostructure of dried Z-G hybrids prepared at pH=14. The thermal treatment of Z-G hybrids in N2at 450°C has increased the number of ZnO Raman bands as a function of pH value, it has decreased the amount of additional carbon by conversion of hydrozincite to ZnO and preserved the graphene profile. The thermal treatment in air at 450°C has increased the crystalline symmetry and stoichiometry of the ZnO as revealed by high and narrow Raman band from 99 cm−1 specific to Zn optical phonons, but it has severely affected the graphene profile in the Z-G hybrid, due to combustion of graphene in oxygen from the ambient.

Development of Ternary Concrete Utilizing Agricultural Waste Material

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Kumari ◽  
Dhirendra Singhal ◽  
Rinku Walia ◽  
Ajay Rathee
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Maize Cob

Abstract The present project proposes to utilize rice husk and maize cob husk ash in the cement to mitigate the adverse impact of cement on environment and to enhance the disposal of waste in a sustainable manner. Ternary concrete / MR concrete was prepared by using rise husk and maize cob ash with cement. For the present project, five concrete mixes MR-0 (Control mix), MR-1 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-2 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-5%), MR-3 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-4 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%) were prepared. M35 concrete mix was designed as per IS 10262:2009 for low slump values 0-25mm. The purpose is to find the optimum replacement level of cement in M35 grade ternary concrete for I – Shaped paver blocks.In order to study the effects of these additions, micro-structural and structural properties test of concretes have been conducted. The crystalline properties of control mix and modified concrete are analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that 10% Rice husk ash and 5% maize cob ash replaced with cement produce a desirable quality of ternary concrete mix having good compressive strength. The results of SEM analysis indicated that the morphology of both concrete were different, showing porous structure at 7 days age and become unsymmetrical with the addition of ashes. After 28 day age, the control mix contained more quantity of ettringite and became denser than ternary concrete. XRD analysis revealed the presence of portlandite in large quantity in controlled mix concrete while MR concrete had the partially hydrated particle of alite.

Synthesis of Magnesia Powder from East Java Dolomite through Leaching, Precipitation and Calcination

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 550-554
Author(s):  
M. Zaki Mubarok ◽  
Christian Adi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Leach Solution ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Crystal Water ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Co Precipitation

At the present paper, a process of magnesia (MgO) synthesis from East Java dolomite through hydrochloride acid leaching, precipitation and calcination as well as characteristic of the product is discussed. Results of the experimental works show that the dissolution rate of magnesium and calcium from dolomite in hydrochloride acid solution was very rapid. Complete magnesium extraction was obtained by the leaching test with acid concentration of 1.5 molar, particle size distribution of -325#, solid-liquid ratio 1:20 (g/mL), stirring speed 200 rpm at room temperature after only 10 seconds. Precipitation of Mg(OH)2 by the addition of 20% (v/v) CaO slurry into pregnant leach solution resulted in 97.5% Mg precipitation after 1 minute. Solution pH must be maintained at a level of 10-10.5 by adjusting CaO addition in order to minimize calcium co-precipitation and to obtain high purity of Mg(OH)2 precipitate. Calcinations of Mg(OH)2 were performed at temperature range of 550-800°C in which 99% of crystal water removal took place after 5 minute at temperature of 800°C. Lower temperature requires longer time of crystalline water removal from Mg(OH)2. XRF analysis showed MgO purity of 88% with the main impurities of calcium and chloride. XRD analysis detected the presences of calcium as calcite (CaCO3) and portlandite (Ca(OH)2) as impurities in the MgO product. SEM analysis of the MgO powder revealed a nano size of MgO with particle diameter of about 50 nm.

Deposition of Cobalt Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film Nano-Composites Via Pulsed Electron Beam Ablation

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Patrick Morrow ◽  
Redhouane Henda ◽  
Ragnar Fagerberg
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Deposited Films

AbstractThis study reports on the preparation of cobalt doped zinc oxide (Co:ZnO) films via pulsed electron beam ablation (PEBA) from a single target containing 20 w% Co on sapphire (0001) and silicon (100) substrates. The films have been deposited at various temperatures (350оC, 400оC, 450оC) and pulse frequencies (2 Hz, 4 Hz), under a background argon (Ar) pressure of about 3 mtorr, and an accelerating voltage of 14 kV. The surface morphology has been examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to SEM analysis, the films consist of nano-globules whose size is in the range of 80-178 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) reveals that deposition is congruent and the prepared films contain ∼20±5 w% cobalt. It has been found that the nano-globules in the deposited films are cobalt-rich zones containing ∼70 w% Co. From x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, Co 2p3/2 peaks indicate that the deposited films contain CoO (binding energy = 780.5 eV) as well as metallic Co (binding energy = 778.1-778.5 eV). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis supports the presence of metallic Co hcp phase (2ϴ = 44.47° and 47.43°) in the films.

scholarly journals Effects of Gum Arabic-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles on the Removal of Pb Ions from Aqueous Solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 889-896
Author(s):  
Hanan J. Mustafa ◽  
Tagreed M. Al-Saadi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pb Ions

To study the removal of lead (Pb) ions from aqueous solutions, novel magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) of Ni0.31Mg0.15Ag0.04Fe2.5O4 were synthesized by coprecipitation synthesis using metal sulfates, and then coated with Gum Arabic (GA). The prepared NPs were analyzed using various spectroscopic and analytical methods, such as X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). By using XRD analysis, the cubic inverse spinel structure of the prepared NPs was proven, showing average values of crystallite size, lattice constant, and density of 28.57nm, 8.32582Å, and 5.2890 g/cm3, respectively. FE-SEM analysis revealed the sphere-like shape of the nanoparticles with a measured crystallite size of 25.93nm. The existence of constituent elements was evidenced by EDX. FT-IR test proved the success of the coating process of magnetite NPs by the presence of the main characteristic absorption bands of GA in the FT-IR spectrum of GA-magnetite NPs. The adsorption of Pb ions by GA- magnetite NPs was shown by AAS analysis, where the concentration of Pb ions decreased from 25ppm to 6.6ppm, reaching 1.1ppm at the time of 25min. The porosity of the NPs and the carboxyl groups in GA played an important role in the process.

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