The Influence On Bodyweight In Male Mice (Mus Musculus) Induced By Monosodium Glutamate (Msg)

The used of monosodium glutamate (MSG) oftenly found in almost every food that we consumed everyday. It suggested that MSG can increase appetite, can caused intake much foods, and increased the bodyweight. The aim of study is to prove the changes that occur in male mice by induce of MSG. The experimental study used 24 male mice, 30-45 gram, 12-14 weeks divided into 4 groups, ie group-I (negative control/placebo given aquadest 0.2 cc/20gBW mice); group-II, MSG with the dose of 5 mg/gBW mice); group-III, MSG with the dose of 10 mg/gBW mice and group-IV, MSG with the dose of 20 mg/gBW mice. All of these treatments were administered orally for 14 days. Permanent cervical fracture execution was performed at the end of the study. The body weight measured in pre and post treatment. The significant difference of data between different groups was compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey test. The compared of between pre –post treatment used paired test to analyze the changes of bodyweight This study proved that the comparison of mean values ± SEM of body weight between groups were not significantly different; group I (39,83±3,26), group II (39,33±2,04), group III (38,00±1,39) and group IV (38,33±1,76) (p = 0.930) and the changes of bodyweight pre and post treatmen also not significantly different, whereas p > 0.05. The study concluded that no changes in the body weight between groups and pasca induced by MSG. In the future studies, we consider to examining the effects MSG with longer of duration and more variations doses in MSG.

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Comparison between Vinorelbine–Carboplatin and Vinorelbine–Cisplatin in Stage III–IV EGFR Mutations-Negative NSCLC

Asian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730255 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laksmi Wulandari ◽

Gatot Soegiarto ◽

Anna Febriani ◽

Farah Fatmawati ◽

Wirya Sastra Amran

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Body Weight ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

The Body ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Egfr Mutations ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Introduction There are a substantial number of lung cancer patients with negative mutations in Indonesia. This type of cancer is deemed to be the major contributor of lung cancer patient’s death. However, reseaerch related to therapy using vinorelbine combined with platinum-based compounds is still scarce in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability between vinorelbine and carboplatin with vinorelbin and cisplatin in stage III-IV epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The participants were divided into two groups—group I(vinorelbine–carboplatin) and group II (vinorelbine–cisplatin). The participants were assessed based on several measurement criteria. Not only Eq-5D was performed, but the body weight and response evaluation criteria for solid tumors (RECIST) were also examined. The participants received chemotherapy for four cycles (1 cycle = 21 days). Results The quality of life was considered stable in 60% of group I and 60% of group II (p=0.255). In both groups, 46.67% of participants had an increased body weight, while the other 20.00% was stable (p = 1.000). In terms of RECIST evaluation after the second cycle, 80.00% of group I and 86.67% of group II were considered to have a stable disease, with 20% of group I and none of group II had partial response (p = 0.027). However, after the fourth cycle, there were no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.734). Conclusion In EGFR mutation-negative NSCLC patients, the combination of vinorelbine and carboplatin showed comparable outcomes to vinorelbine and cisplatin chemotherapy with no significant differences.

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Assessment of Outcome of Intrathecal Analgesia in Multiparous Women Undergoing Vaginal Delivery

Academia Anesthesiologica International ◽

10.21276/aan.2020.5.1.31 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 153-155

Author(s):

Sanjay Melville Masih ◽

Rakesh Kumar Gupta

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Group Iv ◽

Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Multiparous Women ◽

Group Ii ◽

Intrathecal Analgesia

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the outcome of intrathecal analgesia in multiparous women undergoing vaginal delivery. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted among 80 multiparous women ages ranged 18- 40 years. All patients received 0.5 ml of intrathecal injection of 2.5 mg bupivacaine 0.5% and 1 ml dexamethasone 4 mg plus a 0.5 ml adjuvant. The adjuvants in group I patients were 100 μg morphine, 25 μg fentanyl in group II, 5 μg dexmedetomidine in group III and normal saline in group IV (control group). The primary and secondary outcome was the duration of pain relief, the analgesia onset time, the maximum level of sensory block, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded. Results: The mean duration of analgesia in group I was 182.4 minutes, in group II was 170.5 minutes, in group III was 200.4 minutes and in group, IV was 140.2 minutes. The onset of analgesia was 3.9 minutes, 2.8 minutes, 2.7 minutes and 4.5 minutes in group I, II, III and IV respectively. S1 sensory regression time (minutes) was 181.4, 157.4, 185.3 and 130.6 in group I, II, III and IV respectively. Modified Bromage scale 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after IT in all groups was 0.0. VAS was 1.3, 1.6, 1.6 and 3.1 with significant differences in all groups (P< 0.05). There was non- significant difference in mean age, weight, height and gestational age between all groups (P> 0.05). There was a non- significant difference in APGAR 1, 5, umbilical pH immediately after delivery, neonatal HR after 5minute, 15 minutes and 30 minutes in all groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The authors found that dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine-dexamethasone in multiparous women undergoing normal vaginal delivery.

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Is there a difference in prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among patients with different stages of hypertension?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.358 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S414-S414 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Mermerelis ◽

S.M. Kyvelou ◽

V. Akke ◽

C. Papageorgiou ◽

C. Stefanadis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depression Scale ◽

Group Iv ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

IntroductionWhether anxiety and depression are associated with hypertension and to what extent is not clear.AimsThe aim of the present study was to assess any differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression among different groups of hypertensive patients.MethodsThe study cohort comprised of 127 patients (75 male, mean age 54 ± 14) who underwent assessment of their blood pressure levels and were divided in four groups: group I (normotensives, n = 34), group II (stage 1 HTN, n = 33), group III (stage 2 HTN, n = 30) and group IV (stage 3 HTN, n = 30). The evaluation of anxiety disorder was made by means of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), while the evaluation of depression was made with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Statistical analysis was done with SPSS for windows. P-value was set at 0.05 for differences to be considered significant.ResultsComparing the four groups of patients there was a significant difference both in BDI (8.6 ± 7.0 vs. 11.6 ± 10.4 vs. 27.1 ± 5.8 vs. 32.4 ± 3.9, P < 0.0001) and HADS (10.2 ± 7.2 vs. 9.7 ± 7.0 vs. 16 ± 4.7 vs. 27 ± 5.1, P < 0.0001). We proceeded to comparison among the 4 groups and there was a significant rise in the BDI and HADS in three of the four groups group II > group III > group IV, P < 0.0001.ConclusionThese data suggest that there is a clear burden of anxiety and depression as the levels of BP increase. This finding is of important clinical significance as it could contribute to a different approach of hypertensive patients. A larger cohort study could enlightened the mechanisms involved.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Investigation of the Protective Effects of Taurine against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Retinal Changes via Electroretinogram and Retinal Histology with New Zealand White Rabbits

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/631549 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Samuel Tung-Hsing Chiang ◽

Shang-Min Yeh ◽

Yi-Chen Chen ◽

Shiun-Long Lin ◽

Jung-Kai Tseng

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Protective Role ◽

The Body ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Group Iii ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Diabetic Retina ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective role of orally administered taurine against diabetic retinal changes via electroretinogram (ERG) and retinal histology on rabbits. Rabbits were randomly assigned into groups: Group I (vehicle administration only); Group II (diabetes: induced by 100 mg/kg alloxan injection); Group III (diabetes and fed with 200 mg/kg taurine); and Group IV (diabetes and fed with 400 mg/kg taurine). The body weight and blood glucose levels of the rabbits were monitored weekly. The ERG was measured on weeks 5 and 15. Retinal histology was analyzed in the end of the experiment. Results revealed that a taurine supplement significantly ameliorates the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and protects the retina from electrophysiological changes. Group II showed a significant(P<0.05)change in the mean scotopic b-wave amplitude when compared to that of Group I, whereas the diabetic rabbits treated with taurine (Group III and IV) were analogous to Group I. Histologically, the amount of Bipolar and Müller cells showed no difference(P>0.05)between all groups and when compared with those of Group I. Our study provides solid evidences that taurine possesses an antidiabetic activity, reduced loss of body weight, and less electrophysiological changes of the diabetic retina.

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Establishment and Evaluation of Gvhd Mouse Model for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2018-99-112486 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 5681-5681

Author(s):

Mei Xie ◽

Weihong Chen ◽

Qiaoxia Zhang ◽

Xin Du

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Conditioning Regimen ◽

Group Iv ◽

Spleen Cells ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Leukocyte Counts ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Objective: To study the feasibility of using cyclophosphamide alone without total body irradiation (TBI) as conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and establish a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mouse model. Methods: Single cell suspension of spleen and bone marrow were prepared from donor C57/BL/6 mice (B6 mice) . The recipient B6D2F1 mice (F1 mice) were signed into 4 groups with 12 mice per each group. Groups I~III mice were conditioned with peritoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m 2/d) on day -5, -4 and -3 of allo-HSCT, and group IV mice were used as control with saline injection. On day 0, group I mice were injected through tail vein with a mixture of 2×107 spleen cells, 5×106 bone marrow cells and 1×104 P815 cells; group II with 5×106 bone marrow cells and 1×104 P815 cells; group III with 1×104 P815 cells and group IV with RPMI1640 culture medium. The blood leukocyte counts were analyzed, GVHD score and the pathological leukemia infiltration of skin, liver and colon were evaluated and compared on day 30 after allo-HSCT. Results: (1) The GVHD scores of group I mice were 2 to 4 on day 14 post allo-HSCT, and mice started to die on day 15, eight (8) mice survived and the GVHD scores of them were 1 to 6 with a survival rate of 66.7% on day 30. Group II mice began to die on day 6 and only one survived on day 30 with a survival rate of 8.3%. All of group III mice died on day 18. Group IV mice survived (Figure 1). (2) The leukocyte counts in group I and group II were significantly increased on day 7 post allo-HSCT(p<0.05). There was also a significant difference in total leukocyte counts between groups I/II and group IV (p<0.05). The leukocyte counts in mice of groups I~III were significantly decreased, and there were a significant difference between group I and groups II/III/IV respectively (p<0.05) on day 14 post allo-HSCT. On day 21 after allo-HSCT, the leukocyte count of Group I and II mice were ≥1×109/L, which means that allo-HSCT were successful. The leukocyte counts in group I mice were again increased on day 28 post allo-HSCT. There was no significant difference between Group I and Group IV (p>0.05). (3) Pathological observation: The cell atrophy and necrosis in the hepatic portal area and slight infiltration of the leukemia cells in central vein were observed in group I recipient mice. The number of hepatocytes of the mice decreased, and the infiltration of the leukemia cells in the liver sinus were observed in group II. The liver was heavily infiltrated by leukemic cells in group III mice. The mouse livers were normal in group IV mice. Conclusion: It is feasible to establish GVHD model of the leukemia mice with cyclophosphamide conditioning regimen of allo-HSCT, and simple to operate. This is less harmful to people, animals and the environment. Discussion: The traditional animal model of GVHD is based on TBI conditioning regimen prior to allo-HSCT. However, the process can lead to systemic adverse reactions such as myelosuppression, radiation gastroenteritis, endocrine disorders and systemic function disorders, etc. in both the operators and animals. Therefore, the radiotherapy doses have to be low. At the same time, it is difficult to establish animal models of GVHD due to the uneven distribution of the doses. Cyclophosphamide was selected for the conditioning regimen of allo-HSCT in the study. Cyclophosphamide had the effect direct on killing tumor cells, induced recipients to tolerate the immune of donors, enabled to implant donor cells into recipients smoothly. The stable chimeras were obtained. There are a large number of T and B lymphocytes in donor's spleen cells. By injecting donor spleen cells and active immune cells derived from proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, the effects of graft-anti-leukemia are availably activated in recipients. Acknowledgments We thank Dr Zhifu Xiang very much for his great helpful revisions. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation

10.5005/jp-journals-10060-0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Pooja Kabra

Keyword(s):

Fracture Strength ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Group Iv ◽

Control Group ◽

Group V ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrumented with the self-adjusting file (SAF; ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) and the Reciproc reciprocating file and that were and were not obturated using the warm vertical lateral compaction technique. Materials and methods In total, 75 mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 13 mm in length. The roots were balanced with respect to buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters and weight. They were distributed into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 15): No instrumentation (group I), instrumentation with SAF files but no obturation (group II), instrumentation with SAF files and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group III), instrumentation with Reciproc File but no obturation (group IV), and instrumentation with Reciproc File and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group V). AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was used along with gutta-percha points. One week later, a vertical load was applied to the specimen's canal until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (p = 0.05). Results The mean fracture load was 312.83 N for group I, 297.35 N for group II, 359.15 N for group III, 231.51 N for group IV, and 275.81 N for group V. Conclusion The fracture resistances exhibited a statistically significant difference between all the groups. Teeth instrumented by SAF exhibited a better fracture resistance. How to cite this article Tyagi S, Choudhary E, Kabra P, Chauhan R. An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):20-25.

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Microshear bond strength evaluation of surface pretreated zirconia ceramics bonded to dentin

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.156832 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 09 (02) ◽

pp. 224-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shenbagakuttalam Anand ◽

Ambrose Vedamanickam Rajesh Ebenezar ◽

Nirupa Anand ◽

Kothandaraman Rajkumar ◽

Sekar Mahalaxmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Group Iv ◽

Zirconia Ceramics ◽

Group V ◽

Statistical Significant Difference ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

ABSTRACT Objectives: To comparatively assess the micro shear bond strength (MSBS) of dentin bonded surface pre-treated zirconia ceramics. Materials and Methods: Zirconia blocks were sectioned into 50 cubical blocks. The blocks were further categorized into five groups (n = 10 each). Group I: No treatment was performed on zirconia samples; Group II: The zirconia samples were sand-blasted; Group III: Group II + etched with 9.8% of hydrofluoric (HF) acid for 60 s; Group IV: The sandblasted zirconia samples were selectively infiltrated with low fusing porcelain; and Group V: Group IV + etched using 9.8% HF acid gel. The zirconia specimens were then bonded to dentin samples, and the samples were tested for MSBS evaluation using universal testing machine. Results: The MSBS of all the four experimental groups shows greater value than group I. Among the experimental groups, group V and group IV do not show any statistical significant difference, whereas the mean MSBS of groups IV and V were statistically greater than group III and group II. However, groups I, II, and III do not show any statistical significant difference in mean MSBS values between them. Conclusion: Selective infiltration etching of zirconia ceramics provides the highest bond strength with resin cement.

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Effect of different irrigation porotocols on root dentine micro-hardness-An invitro study

IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics ◽

10.18231/j.ijce.2021.047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 217-221

Author(s):

Ashish Choudhary ◽

Sukhbir Kour ◽

Azhar Malik

Keyword(s):

Functional Performance ◽

Test Group ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Group Iv ◽

Micro Hardness ◽

Group Iii ◽

Percentage Decrease ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

IIrrigation solutions used and time of use has a definite effect on the micro hardness & other physical properties of dentin which in turn have direct consequence on the longevity functional performance of root canal treated teeth. To evaluate the effect of different irrigation solutions on micro hardness of root dentin.Forty extracted single rooted lower premolars were used. After instrumentation all the root halves were randomly assigned into 4groups (n=10) and brought in contact with one of the following irrigants for 5 minutes. Group I: 10 ml of 5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl).Group II: 10 ml of 17% ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) followed by 10 ml of 5% NaOCl.Group III: 10 ml of 5% NaOCl followed by 10 ml of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX).Group IV: 10 ml of 5% NaOCL followed by flush of 10 ml distilled water then by 10ml of 2% CHX. Dentin micro hardness was measured at baseline and after treatment to determine the change in micro hardness, using Vickers tester.Data was analyzed using following parametric tests t-test, ANOVA test and Post Hoc test. Group II ie final irrigation with EDTA showed the highest percentage decrease in micro hardness values, followed by group III, then group IV and the lowest was group I. All groups showed a significant difference between each other (P < 0.05), except group III and IV. The coronal third showed the highest percentage decrease with significant difference between apical and middle thirds (P < 0.05).EDTA with NaOCl causes greatest changes in dentine micro hardness, an intermediate flush with normal saline should be given for prevention of precipitation with NaOCl & CHX.

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Analysis of GABRB3 gene mRNA expression and motor coordination after administration of valerian extracts (Valeriana officinalis) in BALB/c mice

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.24386.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 670

Author(s):

Erwin Mulyawan ◽

Muhammad Ramli Ahmad ◽

Andi Asadul Islam ◽

Muh. Nasrum Massi ◽

Mochammad Hatta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Group Iv ◽

Valeriana Officinalis ◽

Rotarod Test ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii ◽

Gene Mrna

Background: Valeriana officinalis has often been used to treat sleep disorders as a traditional medicine for 2000 years. The sedative effect of valerian extract is facilitated by the GABAA receptor β3 subunit. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of valerian extract on GABRB3 gene mRNA expression and sedative effect in BALB/c mice. Methods: This is an experimental preclinical study using a posttest-only control group design. A total of 20 BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into four groups consisting of five mice each. Group I was given 5 ml of Aqua Dest (distilled water), group II was given 0.025 mg/10 g of diazepam, group III was given 2.5 mg/10 g of valerian extract, and group IV was given 5 mg/10 g of valerian extract. The drugs were administrated for seven days through a gastric gavage. The rotarod test was performed on the seventh day. A blood sample was taken on the first day before drug administration and after the rotarod test on the seventh day to be analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: GABRB3 gene mRNA expression showed a significant increase in groups II, III, and IV (p <0.0001). There was significant difference between group III and IV. The examination of motor coordination (rotarod test) showed a significant difference (p <0.05) between group I and group II, between group I and group III, and between group I and group IV. There was no significant difference between group II and both groups III and IV. Conclusions: GABRB3 gene mRNA expression was significantly increased after the administration of valerian extract. Based on the rotarod test, valerian extract and diazepam had a clinically similar sedation effect. A higher dose of valerian extract does not yield a higher level of GABRB3 gene mRNA expression nor sedative effects.

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Therapeutic efficacy of isometamidium chloride in the treatment of Trypanosoma congolense infection in Sokoto Red bucks

Savannah Veterinary Journal ◽

10.36759/svj.2020.072 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 40-43

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Treated Group ◽

Trypanosoma Congolense ◽

Post Treatment ◽

The Body ◽

Group I ◽

Drug Concentrations ◽

Group Ii

Introduction: Treatment of animal trypanosomiasis using isometamidium chloride (ISM) is largely done with 1% solution however, 2% solution has been found to be more effective. In this study, therapeutic efficacy of ISM drug concentrations was studied in Trypanosoma congolense infected Sokoto Red Bucks (SRB). The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of the curative (1%) and prophylactic (2%) concentrations of ISM in the treatment of experimentally infected SRB with Trypanosoma congolense. Methods: Twelve SRB were divided into three groups of four animals each: Group I (1% ISM treated), Group II (2% ISM treated) at the dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly and Group III (uninfected and untreated-Control). Groups I and II bucks were each inoculated intravenously with approximately 1x106 T. congolense. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, body weight, packed cell volume (PCV), total white blood cell count (TWBCC) were monitored. Wet-mount and micro haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT) were used to monitor the parasitaemia post-infection and post-treatment. Seven days post-treatment the blood from the treated groups were sub-inoculated into mice. Results: Group I had relapse of the infection two weeks post-treatment while no relapse of the infection was observed in the Group II till five weeks post-treatment. Significant (p < 0.05) changes in the PCV, WBCC and body weight were properly recorded as well as the clinical signs and the body weight. Significance: The 2% ISM confers better and longer cure than the 1% ISM in treating trypanosomosis in goat.

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