scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Mudigubba ◽  
Mamatha Krishna Murthy ◽  
Ann Mary Swaroop ◽  
Nayanatara M ◽  
Saurabh Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
English Language ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose both financial and health encumbrances for patients. Although prevalence and risk factors associated with ADRs have been published in many studies, most of them lack the statistical evidence for predictors. The aim of this study was to review the published literature to determine the risk factors in the adult and elderly population for ADRs. An electronic search of articles published in English language in databases such as Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted in between January 2001 and April 2018. The search terms used were: “ADRs,” “drug-related problems,” “risk factors,” “general adult population,” “elderly patients,” and “hospital admission.” For inclusion in the review, studies had to include an explicit definition of what was considered an ADR and/or an explicit assessment of causality, as well as a clear description of the method used for ADR identification. Polypharmacy was the major risk factor of ADR followed by comorbidities and length of hospital stay.

scholarly journals A study of pattern of adverse drug reactions in inpatients department of medicine of tertiary care hospital in Madhya Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1480
Author(s):  
Pradeep Phadnis ◽  
Shashi Marko
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Probability Scale ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions are the recognized hazards of drug therapy and they can occur with any class of drugs. The main aim of the study was to detect and analyze Adverse Drug Reactions in inpatients of medicine department in tertiarycare hospital. The study assesses the incidence and pattern of ADRs, identifying co-morbidities, past and present illness, assess causality and the offending drugs, monitoring and documenting suspected adverse drug reactions.Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of 6 months. The WHO definition of an ADR was adopted. Each ADR was assessed for its causality by using WHO probability scale. The severity of each ADR was assessed by using modified Hartwig et al, and Siegel scale.Results: A total 58 ADR were reported during study period out of which 28 (48.27%) were male and 30 (51.72%) were female patients. The assessment by WHO probability scale showed that out of 58 ADR 22 (37.93%) were probable and 17 (29.31%) were possible and 6 (10.34%) were certain. Most commonly involved system was gastrointestinal system with 24 (41.37%) ADRs. Severity assessment by modified Hartwig and Siegel scale showed that 22 (37.93%) were moderate, 32 (55.17%) were mild and 4 (6.89%) were severe ADRs. No lethal effects were observed or produced.Conclusions: The study concluded that Adverse Drug Reactions are common and some of them resulted in increased health care cost due to need of some interventions and increased length of hospital stay. The health system should promote the reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions, proper documentation and periodic reporting to regional pharmacovigilance centers to ensure drug safety.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of delirium and subsyndromal delirium in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Hosam El-Din Ibrahim ◽  
Manal Elmasry ◽  
Fady Nagy ◽  
Ahmed Abdelghani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Subsyndromal Delirium ◽  
Confusion Assessment ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background Delirium is a common geriatric problem associated with poor outcomes. Subsyndromal delirium (SSD) is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms of delirium yet, not satisfying the definition of full-blown delirium, defined by categorical elements, and is usually referred to as the presence of one or more symptoms in the confusion assessment method (CAM). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of delirium and SSD in older adults admitted to the hospital. Five hundred eighty-eight elderly (above 65 years) Egyptian patients were recruited from January 2019 to February 2020. After explaining the purpose of the study and assuring the confidentiality of all participants, an informed consent was obtained from the participant or a responsible care giver for those who were not able to give consent. All patients were subjected ‘on admission’ to thorough history taking, clinical examination, and comprehensive geriatric assessment including confusion assessment tools, mini-mental state examination, and functional assessment using Barthel index score. Results The current study showed that 19.6% of patients had delirium and 14.1% of patients had SSD with combined prevalence of 33.7%. Most common causes included metabolic, infection, organic brain syndrome, and dehydration. The current study reported significant proportionate relation between cognitive assessment and functional ability, so patients with a score of 23 MMSE had good functional ability, while cognitive assessment using mini-mental score shows inversed relation to delirium and SSD using CAM score. Conclusion Delirium is independently associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes, including an increase in mortality, length of hospital stay, discharge to an institution, and functional decline on discharge. Subsyndromal delirium (SSD) is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms of delirium, not yet satisfying the definition of full-blown delirium but it can identify patients with early cognitive and functional disabilities, and because of high prevalence of delirium and SSD. Efforts to prevent or early detection may identify patients who warrant clinical attention.

scholarly journals Cutaneous adverse drug reactions to psychotropic drugs and their risk factors – a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Greil ◽  
Xueqiong Zhang ◽  
Hans Stassen ◽  
Renate Grohmann ◽  
René Bridler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Occurrence of linezolid induced thrombocytopenia and its association with the risk factors: a review article

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha A. ◽  
Anuradha H. V. ◽  
Radhika K.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseline Platelet Count ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Linezolid Therapy

Linezolid is the oxazolidinone group of antibiotic with wide range of activity against the gram positive bacteria including methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and penicillin resistant pneumococci and vancomycin resistant enterococci. Patients who are on linezolid were reported to have reversible myelosuppression especially thrombocytopenia and anaemia. Since there are less number of studies regarding the occurrence of thrombocytopenia and the risk factors associated with it, this study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence of linezolid induced thrombocytopenia and its association with risk factors. It was a systematic review with synthesis of available literature in English language. Articles were retrieved using search terms included “linezolid”, “and”, “or”, “thrombocytopenia” from Clinical key and PubMed, published during 2000 - 2017. Out of 16 studies retrieved, only 7 studies were analysed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; of them, 3 were found to be prospective and retrospective cohort each and only one was retrospective cross-sectional study. The occurrence of linezolid induced thrombocytopenia range from 18-50% with normal renal function and 57% of incidence associated with renal insufficiency patients. The risk factors were found to be dose of linezolid >18-27mg/kg, body weight of subjects <55kg, creatinine clearance <88.39 to 60ml/min/1.73m2 and baseline platelet count <200*103/mm3, serum albumin concentration, serum creatinine, concomitant caspofungin therapy and duration of linezolid therapy.

scholarly journals Adverse drug reactions associated with treatment in patients with chronic rheumatic diseases in childhood: a retrospective real life review of a single center cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Amanouil Said ◽  
Liana Soido Teixeira e Silva ◽  
Aline Maria de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Gustavo Guimarães Barreto Alves ◽  
Daniela Gerent Petry Piotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Chronic Rheumatic Diseases

Abstract Background Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the sixth leading causes of death worldwide; monitoring them is fundamental, especially in patients with disorders like chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs). The study aimed to describe the ADRs investigating their severity and associated factors and resulting interventions in pediatric patients with CRDs. Methods A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study was conducted on a cohort of children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). The study evaluated medical records of the patients to determine the causality and the management of ADRs. In order to investigate the risk factors that would increase the risk of ADRs, a logistic regression model was carried out on a group of patients treated with the main used drug. Results We observed 949 ADRs in 547 patients studied. Methotrexate (MTX) was the most frequently used medication and also the cause of the most ADRs, which occurred in 63.3% of patients, followed by glucocorticoids (GCs). Comparing synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (sDMARDs) vs biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), the ADRs attributed to the former were by far higher than the latter. In general, the severity of ADRs was moderate and manageable. Drug withdrawal occurred in almost a quarter of the cases. In terms of risk factors, most patients who experienced ADRs due to MTX, were 16 years old or younger and received MTX in doses equal or higher than 0.6 mg/kg/week. Patients with JIA and JDM had a lower risk of ADRs than patients with JSLE. In the multiple regression model, the use of GCs for over 6 months led to an increase of 0.5% in the number of ADRs. Conclusions Although the ADRs highly likely affect a wide range of children and adolescents with CRDs they were considered moderate and manageable cases mostly. However, triggers of ADRs need further investigations.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Tinea Unguium and Tinea Pedis in the General Population in Spain

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 3226-3230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Perea ◽  
Maria Jose Ramos ◽  
Margarita Garau ◽  
Alba Gonzalez ◽  
Antonio R. Noriega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Positive Direct

This study prospectively evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of tinea unguium and tinea pedis in the general adult population in Madrid, Spain. One thousand subjects were clinically examined, and samples of nails and scales from the interdigital spaces of the feet were taken from those patients presenting with signs or symptoms of onychomycosis and/or tinea pedis, respectively. In addition, a sample from the fourth interdigital space of both feet was collected from all individuals with a piece of sterilized wool carpet. Tinea unguium was defined as a positive direct examination with potassium hydroxide and culture of the etiological agent from subjects with clinically abnormal nails. Patients with positive dermatophyte cultures of foot specimens were considered to have tinea pedis. The prevalence of tinea unguium was 2.8% (4.0% for men and 1.7% for women), and the prevalence of tinea pedis was 2.9% (4.2% for men and 1.7% for women). The etiological agents of tinea unguium were identified asTrichopyton rubrum (82.1%), followed by Trichopyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (14.3%) andTrichopyton tonsurans (3.5%). Trichophyton rubrum (44.8%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes(44.8%), followed by Epidermophyton floccosum (7%) andT. tonsurans (3.4%), were the organisms isolated from patients with tinea pedis. The percentage of subjects who suffered simultaneously from both diseases was 1.1% (1.7% for men and 0.6% for women). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (relative risk [RR], 1.03) and gender (RR, 2.50) were independent risk factors for tinea unguium, while only gender (RR, 2.65) was predictive for the occurrence of tinea pedis. In both analyses, the presence of one of the two conditions was associated with a higher risk for the appearance of the other disease (RR, >25).

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