scholarly journals ANTI DIARRHEA EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT KECAPI BARK (SANDORICUM KOETJAPE MERR) ON MALE GUINEA PIG INDUCED WITH CASTOR OIL AND BACTERIA ESCHERICHIA COLI

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Eva Diansari ◽  
Edy Suwarso ◽  
Aminah Dalimunthe
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Start Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sandoricum Koetjape

Objective: Kecapi bark (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) is a plant of the Meliaceae family that is often used by people to treat diarrhea and abdominal pain. This study aims to determine the effects of antidiarrheal from the ethanol extract of the Kecapi stem bark on induced with castor oil and bacteria Escherichia coli.Methods: Before the in vivo on male guinea pig test was switched first, then 10 ml of castor oil was induced and 7.7 ml of E. coli male guinea pig was induced, then each male guinea was given a variation of dose ethanol extract kecapi stem bark and loperamide as the comparison. Parameters measured in this study were the start time of diarrhea, consistency of feces, frequency, and duration of diarrhea.Result: The results obtained showed that ethanol extract of kecapi bark antidiarrheal effect on guinea pigs induced castor oil (dose of 800 mg/kg body weight) and E. coli.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Kecapi bark has an activity of antidiarrheal..

scholarly journals IN-VIVO ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF VITELLARIA PARADOXA GAERTN F. (SAPOTACEAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Z. Abdullahi ◽  
A. A. Jimoh ◽  
B. E. Patrick ◽  
M. I. Yakubu ◽  
D. Mallam
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Different parts of Vitellaria paradoxa plant have many applications in ethno-medicine. Some of the uses of this plant include treatment of diarrhoea and other GIT disorders. In this study the antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract of Vitellaria paradoxa was evaluated using three experimental models: Castor oil-induced diarrhoea; small intestinal motility and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) models in mice. Five groups of five mice were used for each model. Group one mice received 10 ml/kg of distilled water, while groups 2, 3, and 4 received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract orally respectively. Group 5 mice received Loperamide 5 mg/kg orally. Oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined using OECD (2008) Guideline 425. Phytochemical studies were conducted using standard procedures. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight and there were no signs of mortality or visible signs of toxicity in all the mice treated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones glycosides. Extract showed a dose-dependent anti-diarrhoeal activity by reducing stool frequency and consistency. The extract at the higher doses significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited GIT motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling, comparable to that of the reference control drug Loperamide. The study showed that ethanol stem bark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa possess anti-diarrhoeal activity and thus justifies its ethno-medicinal use in the treatment of diarrhoea.

scholarly journals In vivo Neurological, Analgesic and In vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Leaf and Stem Bark of Wedelia chinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Sayema Khanum ◽  
Md Shahid Sarwar ◽  
Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities

Wedelia chinensis is a widely used anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective medicinal plant in Bangladesh. In this study, analgesic, neurological, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic extract of leaf and stem bark of W. chinensis were investigated. Oral administration of the ethanolic extract of W. chinensis (200- and 300-mg/kg body weight) was investigated on animal model for neurological activity using open field test and hole cross test. Acetic acid induced writhing method was used to assess the analgesic activity. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay was used for determining the antioxidant activity, while brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used for investigating cytotoxicity. The ethanol extract of the plant produced significant reduction (P<0.05) of locomotion in both doses (200- and 300-mg/kg body weight) indicating pronounced neurological activity. Oral administration of alcoholic leaves and stem extracts significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited writhing response in mice. The percentage of scavenging of DPPH free radical was found to be concentration dependent with IC50 value of 44.10 ± 0.65 and 38.96 ± 0.50 μg/ml for leaves and stem extracts, respectively. Our findings indicate that W. chinensis may be a source of natural antioxidant with potent analgesic, neurological and cytotoxic activities. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 18-26, 2019

scholarly journals In-vivo Effect of Probiotics on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolated from Salad Vegetables

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseline Ekiomado Uzeh ◽  
Chinwe Amaka Okolo ◽  
Bamidele Abiodun Iwalokun
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Lymphoid Hyperplasia ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Salad Vegetables

<p>This study was undertaken to isolate <em>Escherichia coli </em>O157:H7 from salad vegetables, determine its pathogenicity and effect on the gastrointestinal tract of mice and sensitivity to probiotics; <em>Lactobacillus lactis </em>ATCC12315 and <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus </em>ATCC4356 in-vivo. Twenty seven samples made up of eight different types of salad vegetables which includes carrot, cabbage, cucumber, lettuce, peas, green pepper, green beans and spring onions were collected from different locations; markets, farm and street vendors in Lagos, Nigeria. Sampling was done between 13<sup>th</sup> October 2009 and 17<sup>th</sup> March 2010. In all experiments with mice the protocol for care of animal was carried out according to National Institute of Health (NIH). The mice given only <em>E. coli </em>O157:H7 developed diarrhea which led to loss of body weight and death of majority of them. On the other hand mice that were not given any microbial suspension (control), those given only probiotics, combination of <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 and probiotics showed no symptom of diarrhea and there was increase in their body weight. The histopathology of the intestines of this group of mice showed that their intestines were not damaged, while those given only <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 showed lymphoid hyperplasia, mucosal sloughing and inflammation (enteritis). The maintenance of good health by probiotics has again been re-emphasized.</p>

scholarly journals Characterization and in Vivo Cloning of prlC, a Suppressor of Signal Sequence Mutations in Escherichia coli K12

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-521
Author(s):  
Nancy J Trun ◽  
Thomas J Silhavy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
Sequence Deletion ◽  
New Alleles

ABSTRACT The prlC gene of E. coli was originally identified as an allele, prlC1, which suppresses certain signal sequence mutations in the genes for several exported proteins. We have isolated six new alleles of prlC that also confer this phenotype. These mutations can be placed into three classes based on the degree to which they suppress the lamBsignal sequence deletion, lamBs78. Genetic mapping reveals that the physical location of the mutations in prlC correlates with the strength of the suppression, suggesting that different regions of the gene can be altered to yield a suppressor phenotype. We also describe an in vivo cloning procedure using λplacMu9H. The procedure relies on transposition and illegitimate recombination to generate a specialized transducing phage that carries prlC1. This method should be applicable to any gene for which there is a mutant phenotype.

scholarly journals Mechanistic insights into synergy between nalidixic acid and tetracycline against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Gaurav ◽  
Varsha Gupta ◽  
Sandeep K. Shrivastava ◽  
Ranjana Pathania
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has become a global health problem. Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen due to its capacity to persist in the hospital environment. It has a high mortality rate and few treatment options. Antibiotic combinations can help to fight multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, but they are rarely used in the clinics and mostly unexplored. The interaction between bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics are mostly reported as antagonism based on the results obtained in the susceptible model laboratory strain Escherichia coli. However, in the present study, we report a synergistic interaction between nalidixic acid and tetracycline against clinical multi-drug resistant A. baumannii and E. coli. Here we provide mechanistic insight into this dichotomy. The synergistic combination was studied by checkerboard assay and time-kill curve analysis. We also elucidate the mechanism behind this synergy using several techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, morphometric analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nalidixic acid and tetracycline combination displayed synergy against most of the MDR clinical isolates of A. baumannii and E. coli but not against susceptible isolates. Finally, we demonstrate that this combination is also effective in vivo in an A. baumannii/Caenorhabditis elegans infection model (p < 0.001)

scholarly journals Lysyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli K12. Chromatographic heterogeneity and the lysU-gene product

1987 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Charlier ◽  
R Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases

In contrast with most aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the lysyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli is coded for by two genes, the normal lysS gene and the inducible lysU gene. During its purification from E. coli K12, lysyl-tRNA synthetase was monitored by its aminoacylation and adenosine(5′)tetraphospho(5′)adenosine (Ap4A) synthesis activities. Ap4A synthesis was measured by a new assay using DEAE-cellulose filters. The heterogeneity of lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) was revealed on hydroxyapatite; we focused on the first peak, LysRS1, because of its higher Ap4A/lysyl-tRNA activity ratio at that stage. Additional differences between LysRS1 and LysRS2 (major peak on hydroxyapatite) were collected. LysRS1 was eluted from phosphocellulose in the presence of the substrates, whereas LysRS2 was not. Phosphocellulose chromatography was used to show the increase of LysRS1 in cells submitted to heat shock. Also, the Mg2+ optimum in the Ap4A-synthesis reaction is much higher for LysRS1. LysRS1 showed a higher thermostability, which was specifically enhanced by Zn2+. These results in vivo and in vitro strongly suggest that LysRS1 is the heat-inducible lysU-gene product.

scholarly journals degS Is Necessary for Virulence and Is among Extraintestinal Escherichia coli Genes Induced in Murine Peritonitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3088-3096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Redford ◽  
Paula L. Roesch ◽  
Rodney A. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Attenuation

ABSTRACT Extraintestinal Escherichia coli strains cause meningitis, sepsis, urinary tract infection, and other infections outside the bowel. We examined here extraintestinal E. coli strain CFT073 by differential fluorescence induction. Pools of CFT073 clones carrying a CFT073 genomic fragment library in a promoterless gfp vector were inoculated intraperitoneally into mice; bacteria were recovered by lavage 6 h later and then subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Eleven promoters were found to be active in the mouse but not in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth culture. Three are linked to genes for enterobactin, aerobactin, and yersiniabactin. Three others are linked to the metabolic genes metA, gltB, and sucA, and another was linked to iha, a possible adhesin. Three lie before open reading frames of unknown function. One promoter is associated with degS, an inner membrane protease. Mutants of the in vivo-induced loci were tested in competition with the wild type in mouse peritonitis. Of the mutants tested, only CFT073 degS was found to be attenuated in peritoneal and in urinary tract infection, with virulence restored by complementation. CFT073 degS shows growth similar to that of the wild type at 37°C but is impaired at 43°C or in 3% ethanol LB broth at 37°C. Compared to the wild type, the mutant shows similar serum survival, motility, hemolysis, erythrocyte agglutination, and tolerance to oxidative stress. It also has the same lipopolysaccharide appearance on a silver-stained gel. The basis for the virulence attenuation is unclear, but because DegS is needed for σE activity, our findings implicate σE and its regulon in E. coli extraintestinal pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Biological Cost of Single and Multiple Norfloxacin Resistance Mutations in Escherichia coli Implicated in Urinary Tract Infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2343-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Komp Lindgren ◽  
Linda L. Marcusson ◽  
Dorthe Sandvang ◽  
Niels Frimodt-Møller ◽  
Diarmaid Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Subsequent Selection

ABSTRACT Resistance to fluoroquinolones in urinary tract infection (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli is associated with multiple mutations, typically those that alter DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV and those that regulate AcrAB-TolC-mediated efflux. We asked whether a fitness cost is associated with the accumulation of these multiple mutations. Mutants of the susceptible E. coli UTI isolate Nu14 were selected through three to five successive steps with norfloxacin. Each selection was performed with the MIC of the selected strain. After each selection the MIC was measured; and the regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE, previously associated with resistance mutations, and all of marOR and acrR were sequenced. The first selection step yielded mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and marOR. Subsequent selection steps yielded mutations in gyrA, parE, and marOR but not in gyrB, parC, or acrR. Resistance-associated mutations were identified in almost all isolates after selection steps 1 and 2 but in less than 50% of isolates after subsequent selection steps. Selected strains were competed in vitro, in urine, and in a mouse UTI infection model against the starting strain, Nu14. First-step mutations were not associated with significant fitness costs. However, the accumulation of three or more resistance-associated mutations was usually associated with a large reduction in biological fitness, both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, in some lineages a partial restoration of fitness was associated with the accumulation of additional mutations in late selection steps. We suggest that the relative biological costs of multiple mutations may influence the evolution of E. coli strains that develop resistance to fluoroquinolones.

scholarly journals In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Zebrafish nephrosin helps host defence against Escherichia coli infection

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 170040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Di ◽  
Qing Lin ◽  
Zhibin Huang ◽  
Yali Chi ◽  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Effective Models

Neutrophils play important roles in innate immunity and are mainly dependent on various enzyme-containing granules to kill engulfed microorganisms. Zebrafish nephrosin ( npsn ) is specifically expressed in neutrophils; however, its function is largely unknown. Here, we generated an npsn mutant ( npsn smu5 ) via CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the in vivo function of Npsn. The overall development and number of neutrophils remained unchanged in npsn -deficient mutants, whereas neutrophil antibacterial function was defective. Upon infection with Escherichia coli , the npsn smu5 mutants exhibited a lower survival rate and more severe bacterial burden, as well as augmented inflammatory response to challenge with infection when compared with wild-type embryos, whereas npsn -overexpressing zebrafish exhibited enhanced host defence against E. coli infection. These findings demonstrated that zebrafish Npsn promotes host defence against bacterial infection. Furthermore, our findings suggested that npsn -deficient and -overexpressing zebrafish might serve as effective models of in vivo innate immunity.

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