scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF TERMINALIA BELLIRICA FRUIT INSIDE

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAZRA K
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Traditional Healing ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Terminalia Bellirica ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent ◽  
Inner Parts

Objective: The fruit of Terminalia bellirica Roxb. or Baheda (Family Combretaceae) is an extensively used herb in traditional medicines. The fruit as a whole or a part of it is used in traditional healing. Fruit has two major parts, namely, pericarp and seed, pericarp, in turn, consists of epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. Ayurvedic compound formulations such as Triphala and Pathyadi contain pericarp of the fruit. The present study is aiming a comparative phytochemical investigation of fruit parts such as epicarp, mesocarp, and seed along with the whole fruit. Methods: The study included physicochemical evaluation, phytochemical screening, biochemical assay, and thin-layer chromatography profile of the inner parts of the fruit. Results: The study shows that seeds are rich in essential oil (13.25%), but very poor quantity of phenolics (0.65 gallic acid equivalent [GAE]) and flavonoids (0.77 quercetin equivalent [QE]) is present compared to epicarp (139.05 GAE and 141.26 QE) and mesocarp (135.23 GAE and 142.05 QE). In addition to that, qualitative phytochemical screening revealed that seeds are void of steroids and lignans. Conclusion: The study concluded that seeds are less important in respect to the presence of secondary metabolites. It may also be concluded that mesocarp and epicarp are holding major responsibilities of therapeutic values imposed on the fruit.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT MORICANDIA ARVENSIS L. FROM ALGERIAN SAHARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Berreghioua ◽  
Abdelkrim Cheriti
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Algerian Sahara ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Moricandia Arvensis ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective: The aim of this research was to isolate and identify flavonoids extracted from the leaves of Moricandia arvensis.Methods: The phytochemical screening reaction and thin-layer chromatography have been used to characterize the chemical groups, before they were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance.Results: The leaves contain essentially flavonoids, tannins, cardenolides, saponins, and alkaloids. The phytochemical investigation of the water-acetone extract led to the isolation of five flavonoids derivatives, namely: 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,4’-trimethoxyflavone (1); 5,7,4’-trihydroxy- 3,6,8,3’-tetramethoxyflavone (2); 3,3’,4’, 5,7- pentahydroxy flavanone (3); 3-glucosyl 3’,4’,5,7 tetrahydroxy flavonol (4); and kaempférol-3- digalactopyranoside (5). The structures of 1–5 were identified by comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature.Conclusion: In this work, it was possible to isolate and identify five flavonoids after fractionation of the hydroacetone extract from the leaves of the medicinal plant M. arvensis.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of the Phytochemical and Antioxidant activities of the leaves, stems, roots, and seeds extracts of Mitracarpus scaber Zucc (Rubiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Wacothon Karime Coulibaly
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mitracarpus Scaber ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Extracts of the leaves, stem, roots, and seeds of <em>Mitracarpus scaber</em> plants have been thoroughly investigated in an attempt to determine their phytochemical and antioxidant activities.<em> </em>Phytochemical screening carried out by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in all the selective extracts of the plant. The levels of phenolic compounds showed that the leaves of <em>M. Scaber</em> are the richest in polyphenols with an average value of 488.291 ± 1.205 μg GAE/g (microgram of gallic acid equivalent per gram of the dry matter of the powdered plant). The total flavonoid assay revealed a high content in the leaves (1.624 ± 0.032 %). Also, studies of the antioxidant activities by DPPH<sup>● </sup>(2,2-diphenyl-1'-picrylhydrazyl) method showed a significant effect compared to vitamin C (96.62 %). The percentages of inhibition are respectively 89.82 % and 82.3 % for ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves and seeds. Furthermore, the inhibitory percentages of n-butanol in the leaves and seeds are 90.57 % and 83.67 %, respectively. Calculated IC<sub>50</sub> showed that the n-butanol fraction of the seeds exhibited the highest activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.293 mg/mL less than ascorbic acid with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.387 mg/mL.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Physicochemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Standardization of Aerial Parts of Onosma bracteatum Wall

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patel V. G. ◽  
Patel K. G. ◽  
Patel K. V. ◽  
Gandhi T. R.
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective: The present study was undertaken to develop the standardization parameters of powdered aerial parts of Onosma bracteatum Wall, family Boraginaceae. Methods: Different parameters such as pharmacognostical, physicochemical, preliminary phytochemical evaluation along with thin layer chromatography for identification of phytoconstituents were studied. Results: On microscopical examination of the aerial parts it showed the presence of oval to polygonal thin walled straight epidermal cells; spiral vessels, a few fibres elongated with blunt tips, long warty, tubercle based unicellular hairs and paracytic stomata. On physicochemical evaluation it was found to contain more amount of polar constituents as the ethanol extractive value was found to be more. Total ash value and acid insoluble ash indicated the presence of inorganic acids and silicaceous matter respectively. Foaming index and swelling index were indicative of saponins and mucilaginous matter present in the aerial parts. On preliminary phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatographic studies it revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and mucilage. Conclusion: The present work carried out can serve as a purpose for identification, authentication and standardization of the crude drug.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF AILANTHUS EXCELSA ROXB. BARK

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
RASIKA D BHALKE ◽  
MAHENDRA A GIRI
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Ailanthus Excelsa ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

Objective: The present investigation aims at detail pharmacognostic study of the bark of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (BAE). A. excelsa is an important plant in Indian system of medicine belonging to the family Simaroubaceae. Methods: BAE was studied for various pharmacognostic evaluation parameters such as examination of morphological and microscopic characters and physicochemical evaluation. The total phenolic content was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent spectrophotometrically and calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g). Results: The morphological studies revealed that BAE is yellowish-brown in color with a smooth texture and characteristic odor. Microscopical studies indicated the presence of cork, cortex with a group of stone cells in BAE with secondary phloem region. Prismatic and acicular raphides calcium oxalate crystals were observed. The total ash value of BAE was found to be 8.95%. Bark powder was successively extracted in Soxhlet extractor using solvents from low polarity to high polarity such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, and flavonoids are present when the preliminary phytochemical investigation was done. The total phenolic content in BAE was found to be 9.95 mg GAE/g. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study provide information for proper identification and standardization of plant.

scholarly journals Chromatographic analysis and physicochemical evaluation of the essential oil of Bauhinia monandra Kurz flowers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e454985979
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Pereira de Menezes Filho ◽  
Luciene Teixeira Gonçalves Romão ◽  
Eloisa Borges dos Reis ◽  
Karla da Silva Malaquias ◽  
Carlos Frederico de Souza Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Modern Technique ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The study of chromatographic techniques, classical and modern, describes the simplicity and, at the same time, the advances that this area has undergone in recent years in quality scientific research and also in learning in undergraduate and postgraduate courses around the world. This paper investigate a characterization by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), as a method developed by graduate students that involve a combination of a classic and modern technique, as well as results about the physicochemical properties of the essential oil of Bauhinia monandra flower. Essential oil was extracted by Clevenger, the TLC was performed in different eluents and developers, and thus the retention factors (Rfs), and the chemical profile by GC-MS were obtained. The essential oil of the flowers showed a yield of 0.06%, positive solubility in ethanol 70%, refractive index of 1.3621, optical rotation of +36.4αD and relative density of 0.941 g mL-1 at 20 °C. In the TLC analysis 18 Rfs were observed after the use of different developers, with the predominant class of oxygenates compounds. In the GC-MS analysis, 7 compounds were observed, being two majorities, characterized as panaxene with 20.51% and the α-guaiene with 33.39%. The essential oil of B. monandra flower showed a predominance of 70.22% of sesquiterpenic compounds. The allied techniques, classic and modern, demonstrated different ways of evaluating the essential oil through its chemical composition, both techniques showed high efficiency and precision, in addition was an appropriate project developed by postgraduate students.

scholarly journals Isolation of Chemical Compounds and Essential Oil from Agrimonia asiatica Juz. and Their Antimicrobial and Antiplasmodial Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Raushan A. Kozykeyeva ◽  
Ubaidilla M. Datkhayev ◽  
Radhakrishnan Srivedavyasasri ◽  
Temitayo O. Ajayi ◽  
Anapiya K. Patsayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Almost All

Agrimonia asiatica is a perennial plant with deep green color and covered with soft hairs and has a slightly aromatic odor. This genus Agrimonia has been used in traditional medicines of China, Greece, and European countries. It was mainly used as a haemostatic, a tonic for asthenia, and an astringent for diarrhea. Agrimony is part of the division Magnoliophyta; class is represented by order Rosales, family Rosaceae, of the genus Agrimonia. Family Rosaceae—or pink eels—is one of the largest families of flowering plants, including about 100 genera and 3000 species. Rosaceae is common in almost all areas of the globe where flowering plants can grow, but most of them are concentrated in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Phytochemical investigation on ethanolic extract of A. asiatica led to isolation of four flavonoid derivatives (kaempferol-3-glycoside, quercetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3-O-kaempherol 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucosopyranoside, and catechin) alongside of sucrose. All the extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. We also studied the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial part of A. asiatica. The essential oil constituents from the aerial part of A. asiatica were obtained using a steam-distillation method in wild growing conditions in Kazakhstan. The essential oil extracted from the aerial part of the plant was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and its major components amounting to 100% were found to be β-selinene (36.370%), α-panasinsene (21.720%), hexadecanoic acid (7.839%), and 1,2-nonadiene (6.199%). Neither the extract nor the isolated compounds showed antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities.

Chemical Composition and Active Properties Evaluation of Wild Oregano (Origanum Vulgare) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale-Roscoe) Essential Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1927-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Deleanu ◽  
Elisabeta E. Popa ◽  
Mona E. Popa
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Oregano Oil ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

The compounds in Ginger (Zingiber officinale-Roscoe) essential oil provenience China and wild oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil of Romanian origin were identified by GC/MS and their antioxidant and antifungal properties were evaluated. Wild oregano oil was characterized by high content of oxygenated monoterpenes hydrocarbons (84.05%) of which carvacrol was the most abundant (73.85%) followed by b-linalool (3.46%) and thymol (2.29%). Ginger oil had a higher content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons including zingiberene (31.47%), b-sesquiphellandrene (13.76%), a-curcumene (10.41%), a-farnesene (8.31%) and b-bisabolene (7.55%) but a lower content of oxygenated monoterpenes (7.97%). The high content of oxygenated monoterpens of wild oregano oil is in accordance with total content of polyphenols determined by the Folin�Ciocalteu method (6.71�0.73 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g oil). Ginger oil had only 1.34�0.22 mg gallic acid equivalent per g oil. Wild oregano oils exhibited appreciable in vitro antioxidant activity as assessed by 2, 2`-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and 2,2�-azino-bis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS). The sample concentration required to scavenge 50% of the DPPH free radicals was 0.76�0.13 mg/mL for wild oregano oil compared to 20.22�2.12 mg/mL for ginger oil. Also, wild oregano oils showed significant inhibitory activity against selected pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium expansum). 1�L of oregano oil is sufficient for almost 75% growth inhibition of Aspergillus flavus compared to ginger oil which shows antifungal activity at 240�L for 78% growth inhibition. It can be concluded that wild oregano oil could be used as food preservative in some food products in which Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium expansum could grow and have potential to produce health hazards mycotoxines.

Isolation of Sinapic Acid from Habenaria intermedia D. Don: A New Chemical Marker for the Identification of Adulteration and Substitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-387
Author(s):  
Jaswinder Kaur Virk ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Mukesh Maithani ◽  
Ravindra K. Rawal ◽  
Sanjiv Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Crystalline Powder ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Background: Vriddhi is one of the Rasayana herbs in Ayurveda broadly used in vitality, strengthening Ayurvedic formulations. To fulfill steeply increased demand and declined supply, tubers have been collected in destructive manner resulting in reduced plant population and pushing the plant in Red list of IUCN endangered species. However, manufacturers are using substitutes and other substandard drugs leading to adulteration which puts the importance of therapeutically rich herbal plants at stake. Lack of chemical markers is the main inability of regulatory authorities for not taking any action against this adulteration. Objective: Isolation of chemical marker of plant that can be used as a reference compound for identification of unauthorized substitution. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic and toluene extract of H. intermedia D. Don was done using standard methods followed by column chromatography for the isolation of phytoconstituents. A total of 3004 fractions were collected with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiling and different fractions were pooled. A single compound was isolated and confirmed by chemical test, melting point, spectral analysis and compared with the literature. Results: Phytochemical screening of extracts shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolics. A pure white crystalline powder was isolated by column chromatography which was characterized as 3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxycinnamic acid (Sinapic acid) with the help of IR and Mass spectroscopy. Conclusion: This is the first report of Sinapic acid as a novel compound from Vriddhi, Habenaria genus and Orchidaceae family. It can be used as a marker for the identification of unauthorized substitution and adulteration claiming the use of Vriddhi.

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