scholarly journals AMELIORATIVE ROLE OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ON CHROMIUM (VI) - INDUCED MEMBRANE DAMAGE IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
SOUMITA DEY ◽  
SANKAR KUMAR DEY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Induced Membrane ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Objective: Membrane damage is one of the important consequences of chromium (Cr) induced cytotoxicity. Garlic possesses antioxidant property to scavenge the toxic radicals and cytoprotective activity. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the ameliorative role of aqueous extract of garlic (AEG) on Cr-induced membrane damage of both liver and kidneys in male albino rats. Methods: Male albino rats of Wistar strain (80-100 g) were used for the present study. Rats were divided into three groups of almost equal average body weight. The animals of two groups were injected K2Cr2O7 at a dose of 0.8 mg per 100 g body weight per day for 28 days. The animals of one of the Cr-treated groups served as the supplemented group supplied aqueous extract of garlic (AEG) (250 mg per kg body weight daily at an interval of 6 h after injection of Cr for a period of 28 days). The animals of the remaining group received only the vehicle (0.9% NaCl), served as control. The body weights of the animals were taken in each day of treatment schedule. Results: The results indicated that significant increases in membrane cholesterol level as well as significant decreases in membrane phospholipid level in Cr exposed animals suggest structural alterations in both liver and kidneys plasma membrane. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total ATPase, and Na+-K+- ATPase activities of plasma membrane were significantly decreased in both liver and kidneys after Cr treatment. On the other hand, AEG supplementation plays a vital role to restore such alterations induced by Cr in plasma membrane of both liver and kidney. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Cr treatment at the present dose and duration induces structural and functional alterations in the plasma membrane in both liver and kidney. However, AEG supplementation restored those alterations induced by Cr in plasma membrane of both liver and kidneys but was not able to eliminate the deposited Cr from the liver and kidney tissues.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic of Karala (Momordica charantia) Fruits in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hossain ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
D Debnath ◽  
AKMR Alam ◽  
Z Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Higher Doses

To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Momordica charantia (Karala), the aqueous extract of the Karala fruit was tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty six albino rats were used in the experiment, 30 diabetic and the remaining six as negative control (T1). Diabetes was induced by administering (injecting) STZ at dose of 55mg/kg body weight. Thirty diabetic animals were randomly divided into five groups such as diabetic control group (T2) without any application of treatment, and groups T3,T4,T5 and T6 were treated with aqueous extract of Karala fruits daily at the doses of 250,    500 and 750mg/kg and glibenclamide (at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight) respectively. The body weight was taken and blood samples were collected from individual animal to determine glucose levels at 15 day interval up to 90 days. In addition, Asparate  Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) were determined at day 15 and at the end of the experiment. All three doses of Karala extracts reduced diabetic induced blood sugar and the reduction is comparable with standard glibenclamide (GLM) dose particularly with higher doses Karala extracts (500 and 750mg). Karala also prevented body weight loss due to induced diabetes as did by GLM treatment.. The treatment also resulted in a significant reduction of Asparate Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) activities of treated rats when compared to the STZ induced  diabetic rats. Higher doses of Karala (500 and 750mg/kg) are as effective as standard GLM dose on measured variables. This study demonstrated that Karala has hyperglycemia and antihyperlipidemic effect against STZ induced diabetic rats. These findings open the possibility of using Karala extract to treat diabetic animal and human patients although further research is warranted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11550 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 29 - 37, 2012  

scholarly journals Effect of SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) kawista leaf aqueous extract (Limonia acidissima L.) on body and organ weight of Rats

BioScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Giriani Ayu Sabilla ◽  
Slamet Widiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney

SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) is a pharmacological method that can increase the bioavailability of a drug. Kawista leaf aqueous extract contains secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract has not been reported on its effect on body weight and organs of rats. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract on body weight, liver and kidney weight of Rattus norvegicus in acute toxicity testing using the OECD 423 method. Data on body weight and organ weight of the liver and kidneys of female white rats of the Wistar strain were obtained during toxicity testing by acute OECD method 423. In this test, rats were divided into 3 treatment groups,namely control, SNEDDS, and SNEDDS of kawista leaf aqueous extract, with a total of 5 rats per treatment. The test was carried out in 2 terms of dosing according to OECD 423, wherein the second term the amount of the dose given was determined from the data on the response of the test animals to the dosage of the preparations in the first term. The results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed with Duncan. The results showed that the SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract did not affect the body weight or the weight of the liver and kidneys of rats which was indicated from the statistical test results that there was no significant difference between treatments. This study conclude that SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract did not affect the body weight or liver and kidney organs of rats.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study of Anvillea Radiata Aqueous Extract in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Amal BELAKREDAR ◽  
Kadda HACHEM ◽  
Farouk BOUDOU ◽  
Yasmina BENABDESSLEM ◽  
Aicha MEGHERBI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Despite the popular use and the biological effects of Anvillea radiata, there are no studies or data about its safety. The aim of the present study was to assess the acute toxicity of A. radiata aqueous extract in vivo. A single dose of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5 or 5 g/kg was administered to female rats by gavage. Body weight gain, general behavior and mortality were monitored for up to 2 weeks. Selected biochemical parameters, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood creatinine levels were determined, as well as, liver and kidney histology. Results showed no significant changes in body weight gain and organ indexes with no mortality during the experimentation period. A significant increase in AST and ALT levels were observed in 2.5 and 5 g/kg extract treated groups, and a significant decrease in BUN and creatinine levels in 1, 1.5, 2.5 or 5g/kg extract treated groups compared to control. Microscope examination of liver sections showed several anomalies in rats exposed to high concentrations (1.5, 2.5 and 5 g/kg) including fatty changes, glycogen accumulation and ballooning degeneration hepatocytes. Renal parenchyma anomalies were also observed in rats exposed to 2.5 and 5g / kg of plant extract including shrunken renal corpuscles with marked hypo-cellularity and atrophied glomeruli, large interstitial space, and renal tubules with dilated lumina which appear completely distorted. From this study, it can be concluded that Anvillea radiata aqueous extract at high concentration (higher than 1 g /kg b.w.) may be toxic and affect sensitive organs function such liver and kidney. Keywords: Anvillea radiata, Acute toxicity, Biochemical parameters, Histology.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Toxicological Studies of Bridelia micrantha [Berth] and Mitracarpus villosus [Swartz] DC Extracts used as Biofumigant Against Stored Produce Insect Pests on Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
◽  
Thomas Inomisan Ofuya ◽  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Yallappa Rajashekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: In recent years, plant materials have been widely explored as sources of insect pest control agents with little or no study on their toxicity. The present study aimed to detect the biochemical alterations in liver and kidney associated with acute oral toxicity of the extracts of B. micrantha and M. villosus in albino rats. Methods: Twenty seven albino rats, weighing between 150-180g were used and divided into nine groups of three rats each, administered with different doses of each extracts (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000mg/kg). The plasma and homogenates of liver and kidney of the rats were investigated for the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALT), total protein, urea and creatinine, using standard laboratory kits. Results: The administration of either extract did not cause death or any hazardous symptoms of acute toxicity, nor resulted in any evident changes in the body weight. However, the extracts caused significant decreases in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and total protein, urea and creatinine in biochemical parameters. They also caused a significant decrease in the serum parameters of treated rats’ liver and kidney at all doses. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the oral administration of B. micrantha ethyl acetate extract and of M. villosus petroleum ether extract may be considered as moderately free of toxicity. This was based on our findings that two compounds were moderately safe with respects to their effects on the liver and kidney functions at concentrations of up to 2000 mg/kg body weight of the rats.

Histopathological changes in the Kidney and Liver of Albino Rats treated with Extract of Acalypha Wilkesiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
C.E. Okorochi ◽  
G.O. Oze ◽  
A.C. Okorochi ◽  
A.U. Obi ◽  
R.N. Oze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Key Words Nephrotoxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana

Aim: The hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of Acalypha wilkesiana extract on rat liver and kidney were studied on 40 male Wister albino rats weighing 180 – 200g. Methodology: The animals were divided into 5 groups of eight rats each. They were administered 0mg/kg, 480mg/kg, 960mg/kg, 1440mg/kg and 1920mg/kg body weight of Acalypha wilkesiana extract orally. After seven days, four animals from each group were sacrificed under ether anaesthesia. At the end of another seven days, the rest of the animals were sacrificed. The liver and kidney were harvested for hispathological examination using H & E staining procedures. The body weight of the animals, the weight of the liver and kidney were also taken. Results: The results showed a significant loss in body weight (p<0.05) of the animals treated with 1440mg.kg and 1920mg/kg of the extract for 14 days (2.41 + 0.03 and 2.8 + 0.02) compare with the control (3.7 + 0.02). There were no apparent differences in the relative weights of the liver and kidney in the treated and control groups. The histopathological examination result showed that rats in the low dose (480mg/kg body weight) group showed normal histo-architecture with the control in 7 and 14 days of exposure to the extract, while those in the high dose (960mg/kg, 1440mg/kg and 1920mg/kg) groups showed histopathological changes after 14 days, which ranged from moderate to severe tubular necrosis, glomerular inflammation, to interstitial nephritis. The result suggests a likely alteration in hepatic and renal function and possible hepato and nephrotoxicity respectively. These were dose and duration dependent. Conclusion: The outcome suggests that the plant extract maybe injurious to man on prolonged usage and higher doses. The need for the health education of the users may be necessary. Key Words: Nephrotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Acalypha wilkesiana extract, rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the anti-diabetic potential of aqueous extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. in vivo in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi S Pillai ◽  
R Ratheesh ◽  
K G Padmakumaran Nair ◽  
M G Sanalkumar ◽  
Robin J Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Diabetes Mellitus, the metabolic syndrome where the body either fails to produce or effectively utilize insulin, is associated with chronic morbidity. While a definitive cure for the disease is lacking, with the modern medicine offering mainly the means to control the extent of the disease, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAMs) offers additional/alternate means to tackle the disease. On the other hand, the lack of evidenced medical practices is a lacuna in most of the traditional medical applications. Clerodendrum infortunatum.L (Lamiaceae family), a perennial shrub found in the tropics, has been known for its numerous pharmacological properties and is found as a constituent in many Ayurvedic and Siddha drugs, especially for skin and respiratory ailments. The plant has a noted potential as anti-hyperglycemic and has been found to be used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. However, evidence based evaluations have not been conducted on the anti-hyperglycemic effect of the plant, especially with respect to the general mode of intake, i.e, the aqueous form. In the current study, the aqueous extract of C. infortunatum (CI), was scientifically assessed for its effect on streptozotocin induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats. The diabetic rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. For testing the efficacy of extracts, two groups were intra-orally provided with dosages of 200 mg/Kg and 400 mg/Kg of body weight of animals, respectively, of aqueous extracts of CI. Control groups were maintained for evaluation, which included vehicle control as well as with Glibenclamide, a standard anti-diabetic drug. The extracts at a dose of 400 mg/Kg body weight was found to be associated with significant amelioration of many of the diabetes induced conditions, suggesting that the plant extract could be a strong potential CAM candidate for therapeutic management of diabetes.

Recent Advances in Obesity: The Role of Turmeric Tuber and Its Metabolites in the Prophylaxis and Therapeutical Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4837-4853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Jarząb ◽  
Wirginia Kukula-Koch
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Important Health ◽  
High Concern

Background: Obesity in the 21st century society became an important health problem, alarming both the scientists and medicine doctors around the world. That is why, the search for new drug candidates capable to reduce the body weight is of high concern. Objective: This contribution tends to collect current findings on the biochemistry of obesity and on the application of plants and in particular turmeric tuber – a commonly used spice - as an anti-obesity agent. Methods: Following an introduction on the biochemical characteristics of obesity, the description of Curcuma secondary metabolites, their pharmacological applications and a study on the plants’ regulatory properties in obesity was summarized. Particular attention was paid to curcumin – the major metabolite present in the extracts of Curcuma spp., which is known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions. Also, the characteristics of some semisynthetic analogues of this ferulic acid derivative, characterized by a higher polarity and better bioavailability will be discussed. Results: Numerous scientific papers treat on the influence of turmeric on weight loss. Additionally, some of them describe its anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusions: This important spice tends to fight the 21st century plague, which is an excessive weight gain, related to the development of metabolic syndrome, to the occurrence of cardiovascular problems and diabetes, and, in consequence, leading to a significant shortening of life span. As herein proven, the extracts of turmeric play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory reactions which are evoked in the overweight patients, helping them reduce the excess body weight.

scholarly journals Prevention of peptic ulcer by aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos leaf in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Sharmin Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Rezaul Quader ◽  
Md Ismail Khan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ulcer Formation ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background and objectives: Aegle marmelos (Bael), a medicinal plant, has been widely used indigenously to treat many diseases in Bangladesh and other countries. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of A. marmelos leaf to prevent ethanol induced gastric ulcer in a rat model.Methods: Thirty two Wister albino rats of either sex, weighing between 100-150g, were fed 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg aqueous extract of A. marmelos leaves one hour prior to oral administration of 90% ethanol (1 ml/200 gm body weight) to induce gastric ulcer. The animals were sacrificed after one hour and ulcer scores and index were determined. The protective efficacy of A. marmelos aqueous extract was expressed as percentage protection of ulcer.Results: Aqueous extract exhibited significant (p<0.05) dose dependent protection against gastric ulcer formation by ethanol in rat stomach. Percentage protection of ulcer with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of A. marmelos leave were 19.3% and 37.2% respectively compared to standard anti-peptic ulcer drug omeprazole (50.4%).Conclusion: Thus, crude extracts of A. marmelos leave have been shown to have potential ability to prevent experimentally induced peptic ulcer formation in animal model.IMC J Med Sci 2018; 12(1): 11-14

scholarly journals IFLUENCE OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM FEIJOA LEAVES ON THYROID FUNCTION IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Alevtyna Kononenko ◽  
Vera Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Thyroid Mass ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

The present work studied the effect of aqueous extract from Feijoa leaves on thyroid function of rats with experimental hypothyroidism. Healthy albino rats weighing between 120 gand 150 gwere used. The animals were randomly allotted into four groups, each containing eight rats respectively. Three of the groups (II, III and IV), induced with hypothyroidism, were treated by 0.05 % solution of thiamazole with drinking water for 30 days. Control (vehicle) rats were given normal saline. After 13 days hypothyroid groups (III and IV) of rats were treated with aqueous extract from Feijoa leaves at a dose 1.0 ml/100 g of body weight and with Iodomarin 200 (reference drug) at a dose 12 µg/kg daily orally for 21 days. Results obtained from the study showed that the introduction of thiamazole leads to functional changes in the thyroid gland in rats, accompanied by decreasing sings of rectal temperature and level of thyroid hormones. It was found, that treatment with AEFL normalizes serum thyroid hormone levels, increases rectal temperature and reduces the thyroid mass. The investigated extract can be attributed to the regulators of the thyroid hypofunction and is promising for further study of its effectiveness as a thyroid-stimulating agent.

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