scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AND VITAMIN D COMBINATION AS INHIBITOR TOWARD SALMONELLA TYPHI BACTERIA GROWTH IN VIVO

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
AMI FEBRIZA ◽  
VIVIEN NOVARINA A KASIM ◽  
HASTA HANDAYANI IDRUS ◽  
MOCHAMMAD HATTA
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: The prevalence of typhoid fever was reportedly high, especially in the Asian continent, as many as 80% of cases came from slums inBangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam. Due to many cases of antibiotic resistance in typhoid fever, various effortshave been made by combining antibiotic therapy or active compounds with adjuvants and herbs. Curcumin is an active compound found in manyherbal plants, especially in the Asian Continent. Curcumin has an antimicrobial effect, presumably due to its ability to bind Vitamin D receptors (VDR)as a potential ligand. This condition increases the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides and eradicates bacteria. Vitamin D will definitelybind to VDR as well; on this basis, this study wants to prove the effect of the combination of curcumin and Vitamin D therapy in inhibiting the growthof Salmonella typhi.Methods: This study is a true experimental pre- and post-test design using colony calculation method to investigate the effectiveness of curcumin andVitamin D in suppressing the growth of S. typhi bacteria in peritoneal fluid male mice strain balb/c. Mice were divided into five groups randomly, namely,the negative control groups, Group I (curcumin 200 mg/BB/day), Group II (curcumin 400 mg/BB/day), and Group III (curcumin 200 mg/BB/day andVitamin D 200 IU/day), and the positive control groups (antibiotic levofloxacin). The intervention was carried out for 5 days. After the 5th day, micewere then maintained for 3 weeks to determine the amount of colony growth in the post-intervention period.Results: The comparison of the results between each group gave significance in the average number of bacterial colonies of intraperitoneal fluid.Each group gave a significant difference of <0.05. Curcumin has an activity as an antimicrobial, the higher the dose, the greater the number of bacteriainhibited growth. After curcumin therapy, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for 5 days, a decrease in the number of bacterial colonies in the intraperitonealfluid was found. This study concluded that curcumin has an antimicrobial effect on S. typhi. The groups with combination therapy of Vitamin D andcurcumin intervention also gave the same results. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the combination of curcumin and Vitamin D is able to inhibit the growth of S. typhi bacteria, even upto 30 days after infection.

scholarly journals Curcumin Effects in Inducing mRNA Gene Cathelidicin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) in Balb/c Mice Infected with Salmonella Typhi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami Febriza ◽  
Rosdiana Natzir ◽  
Mochammad Hatta ◽  
Cuno S.P.M Uiterwaal ◽  
Suryani As'ad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
To Receive

Due to many cases of antibiotic resistance in typhoid fever, efforts have been made to combine antibiotic therapy or active compounds with herbs. Curcumin is an active compound found in herbal plants. Curcumin has an antimicrobial effect; through binding to vitamin D receptors as a ligand, this increases the expression of mRNA CAMP gene and eradicates bacteria. 25 Adult balb/c mice, aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 30-40 grams, were induced with S. Typhi via intraperitoneal. They were randomly allocated in equal blocks to receive CM200 (Curcumin 200 mg/kg), CM400 (Curcumin 400 mg/kg), CM200+Vit.D(Curcumin 200 mg/kg with Vitamin D), positive control or negative control for 5 days. Mice were then maintained for 3 weeks to determine the amount of colony in the post-intervention period and the level of mRNA CAMP gene. Real time PCR was used to measure the expression of CAMP gene. The level of mRNA gene CAMP expression significantly increased in CM200 (2.01±0.75) and CM400 (4.06±0.68), pdifference< 0.0001. The highest increase of CAMP gene expression was observed in CM200+Vit.D(5.47±0.53), pdifference< 0.0001. Curcumin increased the mRNA expression of CAMP gene.

scholarly journals Epimers of Vitamin D: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar Al-Zohily ◽  
Asma Al-Menhali ◽  
Salah Gariballa ◽  
Afrozul Haq ◽  
Iltaf Shah
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Potential Factors

In this review, we discuss the sources, formation, metabolism, function, biological activity, and potency of C3-epimers (epimers of vitamin D). We also determine the role of epimerase in vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and vitamin D receptors (VDR) according to different subcellular localizations. The importance of C3 epimerization and the metabolic pathway of vitamin D at the hydroxyl group have recently been recognized. Here, the hydroxyl group at the C3 position is orientated differently from the alpha to beta orientation in space. However, the details of this epimerization pathway are not yet clearly understood. Even the gene encoding for the enzyme involved in epimerization has not yet been identified. Many published research articles have illustrated the biological activity of C3 epimeric metabolites using an in vitro model, but the studies on in vivo models are substantially inadequate. The metabolic stability of 3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3 has been demonstrated to be higher than its primary metabolites. 3-epi-1 alpha, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3) is thought to have fewer calcemic effects than non-epimeric forms of vitamin D. Some researchers have observed a larger proportion of total vitamin D as C3-epimers in infants than in adults. Insufficient levels of vitamin D were found in mothers and their newborns when the epimers were not included in the measurement of vitamin D. Oral supplementation of vitamin D has also been found to potentially cause increased production of epimers in mice but not humans. Moreover, routine vitamin D blood tests for healthy adults will not be significantly affected by epimeric interference using LC–MS/MS assays. Recent genetic models also show that the genetic determinants and the potential factors of C3-epimers differ from those of non-C3-epimers.Most commercial immunoassays techniques can lead to inaccurate vitamin D results due to epimeric interference, especially in infants and pregnant women. It is also known that the LC–MS/MS technique can chromatographically separate epimeric and isobaric interference and detect vitamin D metabolites sensitively and accurately. Unfortunately, many labs around the world do not take into account the interference caused by epimers. In this review, various methods and techniques for the analysis of C3-epimers are also discussed. The authors believe that C3-epimers may have an important role to play in clinical research, and further research is warranted.

IB-367 pre-treatment improves the in vivo efficacy of teicoplanin and daptomycin in an animal model of wounds infected with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Carmela Silvestri ◽  
Elisa Pierpaoli ◽  
Alessandra Barucca ◽  
Wojciech Kamysz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Leukocyte Populations ◽  
Nk Cytotoxicity

Antimicrobial peptides are known as immunomodulators and antibiotic enhancers. We report that administration of an antimicrobial peptide, IB-367, was efficacious in increasing the antimicrobial activity of daptomycin and teicoplanin in a mouse model of wound infection caused by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Mice were assigned to seven groups: an IB-367 pre-treated group with no antibiotics given after challenge, two IB-367 pre-treated groups plus daptomycin or teicoplanin given after challenge, two groups treated with daptomycin or teicoplanin only after challenge, and two control groups without infection or that did not receive any treatment. The main outcome measures were quantitative bacterial culture and analysis of natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and leukocyte phenotype. The wound, established through the panniculus carnosus muscle of mice, was infected by MRSA. Bacterial cultures of mice receiving antibiotics alone showed a −2 log decrease, whilst those for IB-367 plus daptomycin or teicoplanin showed a −4 log decrease. IB-367 plus daptomycin showed the highest efficacy. The higher antimicrobial effect exerted by IB-367 was associated with increased levels of NK cytotoxicity but not of NK cell number. IB-367 increased the number of both CD11b and Gr-1 cells 3 days after MRSA challenge, whereas both of these leukocyte populations were reduced at 10 days after challenge. Our data suggest that a combination of IB-367 with antibiotic exerts a therapeutic effect and may be useful for the management of staphylococcal wounds.

scholarly journals Vitamin D receptors and anti-proliferative effects of vitamin D derivatives in human pancreatic carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1017-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Colston ◽  
SY James ◽  
EA Ofori-Kuragu ◽  
L Binderup ◽  
AG Grant
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pancreatic Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Pericarp Kulit Buah Manggis Terpurifikasi Dalam Penyembuhan Luka Eksisi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Dira Dira ◽  
Yanuarista Yanuarista ◽  
Ria Afrianti
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Excision Wound ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Alfa mangostin memiliki berbagai macam bioaktivitas dan merupakan major compound dalam eksrak kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.), alfa mangostin memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi dan antibakteri sehingga berperan dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati aktivitas ekstrak pericarp kulit buah manggis terpurifikasi yang mengandung > 90% alfa-mangostin dalam penyembuhan luka eksisi pada mencit putih jantan secara in vivo. Paramater yang diukur adalah persentase penyembuhan luka eksisi, waktu epitelisasi dan kerapatan serabut kolagen. Mencit dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, dimana kelompok I merupakan kelompok kontrol negatif (-) yang hanya diberi sediaan suspensi Na CMC 1%, sedangkan kelompok II merupakan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi sediaan suspensi ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 1%. Pada hari ke-5, ke-10 dan ke-15 diukur persentase penyembuhan luka dan diamati waktu epitelisasi serta kerapatan serabut kolagen. Hasil penelitian dari persentase penyembuhan luka dan waktu epitelisasi yang dianalisa dengan uji General Linear Model Repeated Measures memberikan perbedaan secara nyata (p<0,05), sedangkan untuk pengamatan serabut kolagen menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan secara nyata (p>0,05) dan untuk waktu epitelisasi yang diuji menggunakan uji T Independent Sample memberikan perbedaan secara nyata (p<0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak terpurifikasi dapat memberikan efek dalam penyembuhan luka eksisi pada mencit.   Alfa mangosteen is a major compound of mangosteen extract cortex and  hasvarious bioactivities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial so that can be used as wound healing. This research aimed to evaluate the activity of Purified Mangosteen Pericarp Fruit Cortex which contained alfa mangosteen > 90% as excision wound healing  agent in male mice by in vivo study. The parameters observed were Excision wound healing, epithelialization time and collagen fiber density. Mice were divided into two groups, group I was the negative control group (-) which was only received 1% Na CMC suspension, while group II was the treatment group received 1 % extract suspension.  On the 5th, 10th and 15th days the percentage of wound healing was measured and the epithelialization time and density of collagen fibers was observed.The results of the percentage of wound healing and epithelialization time evaluation which were analyzed by the General Linear Repeated Measures test showed a significant differences (p <0.05), whereas observation of collagen fibers showed no significant differences (p> 0.05) and analysis of epithelialization time using Independent Sample T test showed a significant difference (p <0.05), it can be concluded that purified extract has excision wounds healing effect in mice.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Four Toothpastes and Mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus: An in vivo Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Jonathan E Sam ◽  
Paulaian Benin ◽  
Ruth H Beaulah ◽  
Gnanaseelan LNU ◽  
Lal Krishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Background Cariogenic microorganisms are the most important cause for occurrence of dental caries. Dentifrices and mouthwashes containing antimicrobial substances are proven to be effective in the eradication of these pathogens from the oral cavity. Aim To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of fluoride, chlorhexidine (CHX), herbal, and xylitol containing toothpastes and mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus (LB) in subjects within the age group of 18 to 22 years at time intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months. Materials and methods One hundred subjects were randomly divided into four groups. Group I: fluoride, group II: chlorhexidine, group III: herbal, group IV: xylitol and instructed to use toothpastes and mouthwashes containing the specific agents. Salivary samples were collected to evaluate the levels of S. mutans and LB at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Bacterial levels were evaluated using caries risk test (CRT) kit. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc test. Results During intragroup comparison, S. mutans levels in group I showed statistically significant difference among the four time intervals. On intergroup comparison, S. mutans levels after 6 months for groups I, II, III, and IV were 1.12, 1.16, 1.28, and 1.4 respectively. Conclusion It can be concluded that fluoride, CHX, and xylitol showed a significant reduction in S. mutans and LB count after a time period of 6 months while herbal group did not show a significant reduction in S. mutans and LB count at any intervals. How to cite this article Sam JE, Benin P, Beaulah RH, Gnanaseelan, Krishna L, Raja J. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Four Toothpastes and Mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus: An in vivo Study. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):60-65.

scholarly journals Influence of Community-Based Interventions on Routine Immunization Uptake among Children Under Five Years in Ntungamo District-Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Byamukama Topher
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Evidence of the effectiveness of community-based interventions in improving immunization coverage in populations of low coverage is limited. Vaccine-preventable diseases is a major public health challenge in low-income countries where Uganda lies, and immunization is the only reliable strategy for child survival. The study's objective was to assess the influence of a community-based intervention on the uptake of immunization services to recommend strategies to health stakeholders to improve immunization coverage. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in three phases. Structured and key informant interviews were used as data collection tools. Phase one provided baseline data before the intervention, the second phase was a community-based intervention, and the third phase was post-intervention evaluation. There was no significant difference on the uptake of BCG, POLIO-0, POLIO-1, POLIO-2, DPTHeP-Hib1, DPTHeP-Hib2, PCV1 and PCV2 immunizations between the intervention and control group post-intervention (P= 1.00, α =0.5). The level of knowledge on immunization was 68.8% and 29.6% in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The difference between the two was statistically significant (P=0.00 = α= 0.5). There was a significant association between the level of knowledge of the caregivers on immunization and the uptake of immunization services (P=0.00, α=0.5). There was also a statistically significant difference in immunization coverage between the intervention and control groups (97.5%) and (75.1%) for the intervention and control groups, respectively. The difference was statistically associated with the community-based intervention (P =0.00, α=0.5). Community-based interventions influenced the uptake of routine immunization services.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Near Sightedness

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aqsa Malik ◽  
Rabbia Shabbir ◽  
Atteaya Zaman ◽  
Sohail Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
And Control

Purpose: To determine the levels of Vitamin D in children with myopia and to compare them with age matched controls. Study Design:  Case control study. Place and Duration of Study:  The study was conducted in Naseer Memorial Hospital, Dadhyal Azad Kashmir from March 2016 to March 2017. Material and Methods:  Two hundred patients were selected using convenient sampling technique and were divided two groups (group I Myopic and group II control). Myopia was labeled if after subjective refraction a Spherical Equivalent (SE) of −0.50 diopters (D) or more was found. Vitamin D levels were measured by radioimmunoassay technique with Diasorin SR® kit following the user’s manual. Vitamin D levels less than 20 ng/ml were considered Vitamin D deficient following the standards of American academy of pediatrics. The collected data was entered in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. Independent t–test was used to determine the significant difference of means between controls and patients. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results:  Mean age of controls and myopes were 10.65 ± 3.9 and 10.20 ± 2.5 years respectively. Vitamin D levels in myopic children were found to be 14.95 ± 3.75 ng/ml and there was no significant difference in mean values of Vitamin D levels in myopic and control group. Conclusion:  We found no difference in Vitamin D levels of myopic and non myopic children and concluded that Vitamin D has no role in development or progression of myopia.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-stimulated calmodulin binding proteins: a sustained effect on distal tubules

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. F77-F84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. O. Siaw ◽  
Marian R. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

The tubular localization of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D[1,25(OH)2D3]-stimulated calmodulin binding proteins (CaMBP-Ds) in the rat kidney and the specificity of their induction were characterized to better understand renal responses to protracted 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in vivo. None of the other hormones tested (parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, estradiol-17β, testosterone, progesterone, hydrocortisone, or dexamethasone) stimulated the CaMBP-Ds, whereas maximal 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulation occurred after a 5- to 7-day treatment with 100 ng/day 1,25(OH)2D3. With the exception of the more ubiquitously distributed CaMBP-D150, the CaMBP-Ds were localized in distal, but not proximal, tubule preparations. 1,25(OH)2D3 induction of vitamin D receptors and the CaMBP-Ds was similar with respect to dose-response and time course. Finally, the CaMBP-Ds remained elevated for at least 4 wk after 1,25(OH)2D3 withdrawal. Because the vitamin D-stimulated renal CaMBP-Ds are principally proteins of the distal tubule, they may be associated with renal regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. The sustained induction of CaMBP-Ds is important in addressing the question of whether their induction is a function of normal Ca2+ homeostasis or a pathophysiological consequence of hypervitaminosis D and hypercalcemia.

Interleukin 37 Levels in Relation to Serum Vitamin D Levels Among Ain Shams University Medical Students

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Reda Mabrouk ◽  
Afaf Abdelalim Mostafa ◽  
Dina Aly Mohamed Aly Ragab ◽  
Fouad Mohamed Fouad zaki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background The extraskeletal role of vitamin D is being increasingly recognized. This has important clinical implications, as vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Vitamin D has proposed anti-inflammatory properties as recent data suggests that low vitamin D concentrations are associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers. Interleukin-37(IL-37) is an IL1 family cytokine discovered in recent years and has 5 different isoforms. As an immunosuppressive factor, IL-37 can suppress excessive immune response .IL37 plays a role in protecting the body against endotoxin shock, ischemia reperfusion injury, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, IL-37 has a potential antitumor effect. IL-37 and its receptors may serve as novel targets for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of immune-related diseases and tumors. Aim of the Work The aim of this study is to determine the relation between the level of interleukin-37 and 25-hydroxy Vitamin D among Ain Shams University medical students. Subjects and Methods The study was conducted at Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Ninety individuals, from medical students of Ain Shams University who participated in the Nutritional Assessment of Ain Shams University Medical Students (NAMESASU) Project, were selected to be in the study. The study included 2 groups: Group I: included 45 subjects selected from the NAMES-ASU project with deficient vitamin D serum levels. Group II: included 45 subjects selected from the NAMES-ASU project with sufficient vitamin D serum levels. Results There was a highly significant difference between the two groups regarding vitamin D levels. Serum IL-37 levels were significantly higher in group I subjects compared to group II subjects. No significant difference was observed between group I and group II regarding BMI, BFM, PBF and hsCRP. No significant difference was observed between the two subgroups regarding IL-37 levels and hsCRP levels. A highly significant negative correlation was observed between vitamin D levels and IL-37. A significant negative correlation was observed between hsCRP and vitamin D levels. However, no correlation was observed between hsCRP and IL-37 levels. Conclusion Data from our study showed that present study denote that in case of vitamin D deficiency, irrespective of BMI, a subclinical state of inflammation may be present as reflected by the increased hsCRP levels and this state of inflammation might induce an increase in IL-37, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in an attempt to reduce the inflammation.

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