scholarly journals INTRODUCTION TO HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND ITS TREATMENT: A REVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Verma
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Blood Levels

Hyperlipidemia is a family of disorders that are characterised by abnormally high levels of lipida (fats) in the blood. While fats play a vital role in the body’s metabolic processes, high blood levels of fats increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease (CHD), are epidemic in India. According to American Heart Association, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health and other government sources, cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death, accounting for more than 17.3 million deaths per year, a number that is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030. India has seen a rapid transition in its heart disease burden over the past couple of decades. Of the 30 million heart patients in India, 14 million reside in urban areas and 16 million in rural areas. If the current trend continues, by the year 2020, the burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases in India will surpass that of any other country in the world. The Registrar General of India reported that CHD led to 17% of total deaths and 26% of adult deaths in 2001-2003, which increased to 23% of total and 32% of adult deaths in 2010-2013. The global increase in the prevalence of hyperlipidemia is due to unhealthy eating habits, obesity and physical inactivity. The emergencies, risk factors and remedies are described in the literature. Hyperlipidemia, Coronary heart disease, lipoproteins

Trends and Distribution in Mortality Rates of Coronary Heart Disease in Hexi Corridor of Gansu in China from 2006 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
xinghui li ◽  
xiaolan ren ◽  
yan qiao ◽  
ping xie ◽  
nan wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hexi Corridor ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Small Change

Abstract Background: The mortality rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) in China is different from region to region, and there are sex, age and urban-rural differences. This study described trend and distribution of CHD in Hexi corridor of Gansu province from 2006 to 2015. Method: The death data of CHD were obtained using the Death Reporting System of Gansu CDC for 2006-2015. The trend of the death cases of CHD by year, month and its distribution by sex, age and region were studied, and the changing characteristics of epidemiology was analyzed. Results: Overall, The mortality rate of CHD in Hexi corridor showed a decline trend from 2006 to 2015, a tendency that higher in winter and spring, and lowest in summer. The relative mortality of males was higher than that of females ( P < 0.05), increased with age ( P < 0.05), and that of rural areas was higher than that of urban areas ( P < 0.05). The trend analysis of death rate for ten-year showed a marked decline in females, an increase in 18-39 years old, a small change in 40-59 years old, a decrease in over 60 years old, and a downward tendency of urban areas. Further analysis showed that the mortality rate of males were higher than that of females in 18-39 years old and 40-59 years old group and also in urban areas group ( P < 0.05), while no sex difference in over 60 years old group and rural areas group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: The mortality of CHD in Hexi corridor of Gansu province in China was lower than the national average from 2006 to 2015, but increased gradually in specified population such as in males, young and middle-age, rural areas groups. The prevention and control measures should be strengthened in these special populations.

Abstract MP047: Early-Onset Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Remains High Among Rural Blacks

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambar Kulshreshtha ◽  
Abhinav Goyal ◽  
William McClellan ◽  
Emir Veledar ◽  
Viola Vaccarino
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Life Years

Background: Deaths from early-onset coronary heart disease (CHD) translate into a large number of potential life-years lost with substantial impact on families and society. Although overall CHD mortality has declined in the past few decades, the extent to which such decline applies to early CHD mortality and to specific racial groups and urbanization levels has not been examined. We sought to describe the pattern and magnitude of racial and urban-rural variations in early-onset CHD mortality in the United States. Methods: We used data from the National Center for Health Statistics to examine trends in CHD death rates (ICD-10 codes I20-I25) between 1999 and 2007. Early-onset CHD mortality was defined as death due to CHD in men less than 55 yrs or women less than 65 yrs. Rate changes were calculated in the overall population and by race (blacks vs whites) and urbanization (rural vs. urban). Poisson regression was used to model the data. Results: Between 1999 and 2007, there were approximately 400,000 deaths due to early-onset CHD. There was an overall 25% decline in age-adjusted early-onset CHD mortality rates from 79 per 100,000 to 59 per 100,000 but this decline varied by gender, race, and urbanization. Women had a greater decline (27%) compared with men (19%) and blacks had slightly more decline (27%) compared to whites (25%). Urban areas (30%) had twice the decline compared to rural areas (16%). In this period early CHD deaths was higher in blacks than whites and higher in rural than urban areas (Figure). Blacks in rural areas had the highest early-onset CHD mortality, followed by blacks in large metros, while urban whites had the lowest rate. Black-white differences remained similar in urban and rural areas over this time period. Conclusion: The overall decline in early-onset CHD mortality is encouraging, but there are important differences by race and urbanization. Blacks in rural areas have the highest early-onset CHD mortality rates. Early-onset CHD can be used to identify and target groups with high risk in order to reduce disparities.

Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Children: Recognition, Evaluation, and Therapy

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
C. J. Glueck ◽  
M. J. Mellies ◽  
R. C. Tsang ◽  
J. A. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Atherosclerosis Prevention

PEDIATRIC GENESIS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS Atherosclerosis results from a variety of pathophysiologic disturbances, some currently recognized, and many undoubtedly not yet recognized, which in aggregate are identified as risk factors. Genetic and environmental influences conjointly affect the incidence and the severity of these risk factors and, thus, coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Prophylaxis should be designed to prevent or retard the development of arterial plaques. This suggests that diagnostic and preventive efforts should begin in childhood. Eating habits are also probably established in childhood, allowing their early modification. The atherosclerotic plaque appears to have its genesis in childhood. The data from wartime autopsies confirm the presence of mature atherosclerotic lesions by the end of the second decade and emphasize the importance of primary atherosclerosis prevention beginning in the first and second decades. While there are clearly genetic factors in CHD, variation in rates in differing geographic areas appears less likely to be related to genetic than to environmental differences. Marked differences in plasma cholesterol levels are found in children in different geographic areas, generally paralleling pediatric cholesterol and saturated fat intake and the incidence of adult coronary heart disease. The relationships of elevated total plasma cholesterol levels to the incidence of coronary heart disease are clearly established in adults.

Prediction of atherosclerosis in children and the possibility of early prevention of coronary heart disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
O. I. Pikuza ◽  
V. N. Oslopov ◽  
H. M. Vakhitov ◽  
A. A. Babushkina ◽  
S. E. Nikolsky
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Cerebrovascular Pathology ◽  
Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular pathology, etc.) are responsible for 40-50% of all deaths in adults. Of particular concern to clinicians is the emerging unfavorable tendency to "rejuvenate" these diseases. Currently, the fact that atherosclerosis (AS) begins to form in childhood and adolescence is indisputable.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of Tunisian adolescents: associated gender, environmental and socio-economic factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1306-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri ◽  
Habiba Ben Romdhane ◽  
Pierre Traissac ◽  
Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay ◽  
Francis Delpeuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the nutritional status of Tunisian adolescents and associated factors.DesignA cross-sectional study based on a national stratified random cluster sample.Subjects and methodsIn all, 1295 boys and 1577 girls aged 15–19 years, of whom 28·4 % had already left school. Socio-economic characteristics of the parents, anthropometric measurements, food behaviours and physical activity of the adolescents were recorded during home visits.ResultsPrevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity (WHO/National Center for Health Statistics reference) were, respectively, 8·1 %, 17·4 % and 4·1 % among boys and 1·3 %, 20·7 % and 4·4 % among girls; abdominal obesity was highly prevalent among both sexes. Prevalence of overweight differed by region (from 11·5 % to 22·2 %) and was higher in urban v. rural areas for males (21·7 % v. 10·4 %) but not for females (21·7 % v. 19·2 %). These differences were partially mediated by socio-economic and lifestyle factors for males. For females, influence of cultural factors is hypothesised. In rural areas, overweight was more prevalent among boys of higher economic level households, having a working mother or a sedentary lifestyle; for girls, prevalence increased with the level of education of the mother. In urban areas, prevalence of overweight was related to eating habits: it was higher for boys with irregular snacking habits and for girls skipping daily meals. Urban girls having left school were also more overweight.ConclusionOverweight and abdominal obesity in late adolescence have become a true public health problem in Tunisia with the combined effects of cultural tradition for girls in rural areas, and of rapid economic development for boys and girls in cities.

Abstract 13769: Assessing the Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases According to Lipoprotein(a) Levels

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narek A Tmoyan ◽  
Marat V Ezhov ◽  
Olga I Afanasieva ◽  
Uliana V Chubykina ◽  
Elena A Klesareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Lower Extremity Artery Disease

Introduction: There is no common opinion about threshold lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) risk. Different clinical guidelines and consensus documents postulated cut-off Lp(a) level as 30 mg/dL or 50 mg/dL. We assessed the concentration of Lp(a) that associated with ASCVD of different locations. Methods: The study included 1224 patients with ASCVD. Lp(a) concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group I - Lp(a)<30 mg/dL, group II - 30≤Lp(a)<50 mg/dL, group III - Lp(a)≥50 mg/dL (table). Results: Coronary heart disease, carotid artery disease, lower extremity artery disease, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke were diagnosed in 61%; 34%; 23%; 42% and 11% patients, respectively. Lower extremity artery disease, carotid artery disease and myocardial infarction were more frequent in patients with Lp(a) concentration from 30 to 50 mg/dL compared to patients with Lp(a) <30 mg/dL: 36%, 41%, 48% vs. 17%, 30%, 36% respectively, p<0.01 for all. Subjects with Lp(a) 30-50 mg/dL (n=182, 15%) had a greater odds ratio of lower extremity artery disease, carotid artery disease and myocardial infarction compared to patients with Lp(a) <30 mg/dL (table). ROC analysis demonstrated that Lp(a) cut-off levels for lower extremity artery disease, carotid artery disease, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction were 26; 21; 37 and 36 mg/dL, respectively. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that in case of Lp(a) cut-off level of 50 mg/dL about 15% of patients are underestimated for the risk of ASCVD. Lp(a) cut-off level for ASCVD is between 20 and 40 mg/dL regarding the atherosclerosis location.

Cardiovascular diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 587-615
Author(s):  
Joseph De Bono ◽  
Anli Yue Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cardiac Devices ◽  
Implantable Cardiac Devices ◽  
The Uk

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the UK. Cardiovascular diseases can affect those in employment and can limit working capacity. Multiple considerations should be taken into account when assessing return to work, including psychosocial factors. This chapter provides a comprehensive and up-to-date evidence-based overview of common cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, valvular disease, congenital heart disease, hypertension, syncope, and implantable cardiac devices including pacemakers (with a special section on implantable devices and electromagnetic fields). Topics of interest also covered within this chapter include travel, firefighters, stress, shift working, hazardous substances, hot conditions, and driving.

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