scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF CTX-M-PRODUCING GRAM-NEGATIVE UROPATHOGENS IN SOKOTO, NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
NUHU TANKO ◽  
R. O. BOLAJI ◽  
B. O. OLAYINKA ◽  
O. B. B. EUGENE
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Synergy Test

Objective: Infections of the urinary tract remains one of the most common bacterial infections with many implicated organisms being Gram-negative, which are increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. The aim of the study was to evaluate the resistance of ESBL producing Gram-negative enterobacteriaceae to commonly prescribed antibiotics and the prevalence of CTX-M genes from these isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: The isolates were collected from urine over a period of 4 mo and studied, and were identified using Microgen Identification Kit (GN-ID). Susceptibility testing was performed by the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, and results were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production was detected by the double-disc synergy test (DDST). Molecular characterization was based on the isolates that were positive for the phenotypic detection of ESBL. Results: Sixty one (61) isolates of Gram-negative uropathogens were identified. Of these, 19 (31.2%) were E. coli, 15 (24.6%) were Salmonella arizonae, Klebsiella pneumoniae were 7 (11.5%), Klebsiella oxytoca were 3 (4.9%), Enterobacter gergoviae were 6 (9.8%), 4 (6.6%) were Citrobacter freundii, 4 (6.6%) were Serratia marscence, and 1 (1.6%) were Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, and Edwardsiella tarda each. Analysis of the bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics revealed most of them to be generally resistant to cotrimoxazole (73.3%), nalidixic acid (66.7%), norfloxacin (53.5%), ciprofloxacin (50.5%), gentamicin (48.6%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (45%), and the least resistant was displayed in nitrofurantoin (30%). Of the 15 ESBL producers, 11 (73.3%) were harbouring bla CTX-M genes. Conclusion: The study revealed a high susceptibility to nitrofurantoin, whereas susceptibility to cotrimoxazole was lowest. It further portrays a high prevalence of enterobacteriaceae isolates harbouring bla CTX-M genes in Sokoto metropolis.

scholarly journals Detection and genetic characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producers in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryarashmi Sahoo ◽  
Sarita Otta ◽  
Bichitrananda Swain ◽  
Subrat Kumar Kar
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms inactivate extended beta-lactam antibiotics and monobactams and also exhibit coresistance to many other classes of antibiotics. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of the ESBLs and to determine the most prevalent genotype in our hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All clinically significant Gram-negative isolates were identified, and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby–Bauers' disc diffusion method. ESBL detection was confirmed by minimal inhibitory concentration method using agar dilution technique for those who screened positive by ceftazidime (30 μg) disc. Further, the established ESBL-positive isolates were subjected to genotyping for bla TEM, bla CTX-M, and bla SHV genes by using conventional polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Escherichia coli was the most common (28.84%) Gram-negative bacillus followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.07%), while Pseudomonas spp. (9.61%) was the most commonly identified nonfermenter. ESBL production was detected in 160 (30.8%) isolates. Klebsiella oxytoca (46.7%) followed by E. coli (44%) were the common ESBL producers. Most predominant ESBL gene was bla TEM, found in 122 (76.25%) isolates. Combinations of two genes were seen in 109 (68.1%) isolates, the most common (43.12%) combination being blaTEM and blaCTX-M. In this study, 16 (10%) strains had all the three types of genes. Most of the isolated Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were sensitive to amikacin, imipenem, and colistin. CONCLUSION: In our study, the 30.8% of GNB were ESBL producers. This is the only study that shows that TEM is the most prevalent ESBL genotypes in our area. Of concern is a good number of isolates showing all three patterns of genes (TEM, SHV, and CTX-M). Amikacin, imipenem, and colistin were the most useful antibiotics in our setup.

scholarly journals In Vitro Susceptibilities of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Four European Countries, Canada, and the United States in 2000-2001 to Expanded-Spectrum Cephalosporins and Comparator Antimicrobials: Implications for Therapy

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3089-3098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Wenzel ◽  
Daniel F. Sahm ◽  
Clyde Thornsberry ◽  
Deborah C. Draghi ◽  
Mark E. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACT Access to current antimicrobial agent surveillance data is an important prerequisite for the optimal management of patients with hospital-acquired infections. The present study used data collected in 2000 to 2001 from 670 laboratories in Europe (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain), Canada, and the United States to report on the in vitro activities of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and comparative agents against >125,000 isolates of gram-negative bacteria from hospitalized patients. All but two isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (one isolate of Proteus mirabilis from France and one isolate of Morganella morganii from Canada) were susceptible to imipenem. The susceptibility of Escherichia coli to ceftriaxone or cefotaxime was ≥97% in each country, and for P. mirabilis, susceptibility was 99% in each country except Italy. In contrast, susceptibility of E. coli to ciprofloxacin varied from 80.5% (Spain) to 94.0% (France); levofloxacin susceptibility ranged from 75.2% (Spain) to 91.6% (United States). Among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolates, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime susceptibilities ranged from 86.6 to 98.7% and 83.5 to 99.7%, respectively, depending upon the country. Considerable geographic variation in the susceptibilities (generally 85 to 95% susceptible) of Serratia marcescens and M. morganii to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were observed. For S. marcescens, susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam varied from 81.5% (France) to 94.1% (Italy) and susceptibility to ciprofloxacin ranged from 66.2% (Germany) to 90.7% (Spain). Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter aerogenes were less susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime than were the other species of Enterobacteriaceae studied. The present study demonstrated that established parenteral expanded-spectrum cephalosporin antimicrobial agents retain significant in vitro activity against many clinically important gram-negative pathogens.

STUDIES ON SOME BACTERIAL DISEASES IN OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Ahmed EL-gamal ◽  
Yasmin Reyad
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Total Prevalence

he present research carried out to study the common bacterial infections in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in Manzala area at Dakahlia governorate and possible antimicrobial agents used for treatment. A total number of 400 fish were randomly collected from Manzala private farms at Dakahlia governorate and subjected to the clinical, bacteriological and histopathological examination. The highest prevalence of bacterial isolates during the whole period of examination of naturally infected O.niloticus was recorded for A.hydrophila (22.66%), followed by V.alginolyticus (19.01%), V.parahemolyticus (13.80%), Streptococcus spp. (12.24%), A.caviae (11.72%), V.cholera (10.16%), A.salmonicida (7.55%), while the lowest prevalence was recorded for Klebsiella oxytoca (2.86%). The seasonal highest total prevalence of bacterial isolates from examined naturally infected O. niloticus was recorded in spring (30.21%), followed by autumn (28.39%), then summer (22.40%) and the lowest prevalence was recorded in winter (19.01%). Histopathological findings of the tissue samples which collected from different organs of naturally infected O.niloticus revealed that spleen show marked hemosiderosis and sever hemorrhage, gills showsever congestion of lamellar capillaries with marked aneurysm, necrosis and hemorrhage of lamellar epithelium and liver show sever hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against all isolated bacterial strains

Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Indolequinone Derivatives against Clinically Relevant Bacterial Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Odriane Custodio Leite ◽  
Juliana Silva Novais ◽  
Beatriz Lima Cosenza de Carvalho ◽  
Vitor Francisco Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo Alves Miceli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dione Derivative ◽  
In Silico Studies

Background: According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important public health threats of the 21st century. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of antimicrobial agents with new mechanism of action, especially those capable of evading known resistance mechanisms. Objective: We described the synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial evaluation, and in silico analysis of a series of 1H-indole-4,7-dione derivatives. Methods: The new series of 1H-indole-4,7-diones was prepared with good yield by using a copper(II)- mediated reaction between bromoquinone and β-enamino ketones bearing alkyl or phenyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. The antimicrobial potential of indole derivatives was assessed. Molecular docking studies were also performed using AutoDock 4.2 for Windows. Characterization of all compounds was confirmed by one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques 1H and 13C NMR spectra [1H, 13C – APT, 1H x 1H – COSY, HSQC and HMBC], IR and mass spectrometry analysis. Results: Several indolequinone compounds showed effective antimicrobial profile against Grampositive (MIC = 16 µg.mL-1) and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC = 8 µg.mL-1) similar to antimicrobials current on the market. The 3-acetyl-1-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-1H-indole-4,7-dione derivative exhibited an important effect against different biofilm stages formed by a serious hospital life-threatening resistant strain of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A hemocompatibility profile analysis based on in vitro hemolysis assays revealed the low toxicity effects of this new series. Indeed, in silico studies showed a good pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles for all indolequinone derivatives, reinforcing their feasibility to display a promising oral bioavailability. An elucidation of the promising indolequinone derivatives binding mode was achieved, showing interactions with important sites to biological activity of S. aureus DNA gyrase. These results highlighted 3-acetyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1Hindole- 4,7-dione derivative as broad-spectrum antimicrobial prototype to be further explored for treating bacterial infections. Conclusion: The highly substituted indolequinones were obtained in moderate to good yields. The pharmacological study indicated that these compounds should be exploited in the search for a leading substance in a project aimed at obtaining new antimicrobials effective against Gram-negative bacteria.

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from Septicemic Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Tania Rahman ◽  
Momtaz Begum ◽  
Sharmeen Sultana ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: In recent years, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing microorganisms have complicated treatment of infections due to resistance of ESBL producing strains to a wide range of antimicrobials. Objective: Target of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing gramnegative bacteria in neonatal sepsis cases and to reveal the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of those isolated ESBL producers. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) over a period of 12 months from January to December in 2016. Following isolation and identification of gram-negative bacteria from blood samples of suspected septicemic neonates, antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disk-diffusion method and ESBL producers were detected by Double Disk Synergy (DDS) test. Results: Among 52 Gram-negative bacteria isolated from 106 blood samples, 34.61% ESBL producers were detected and Enterobacter spp. (45%) was predominant followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (33.33%). None of the ESBL producers was resistant to colistin and tigecycline. All ESBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii, 77.78% and 66.67% of ESBL producing Enterobacter spp and Klebsiella spp. respectively showed resistance to meropenem. All ESBL producers were resistant to piperacillintazobactam. Conclusion: Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the spread of ESBL producing strains by combining strategies for infection prevention, control and rational use of antibiotics. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-4, January 2021, Page 171-175

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE MEMBERS ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY SUSPECTED PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moorthy Kannaiyan ◽  
Gedif Meseret Abebe ◽  
Chinnasamy Kanimozhi ◽  
Punitha Thambidurai ◽  
Saranya Ashokapuram Selvam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genotypic Identification ◽  
Esbl Producers

 Objective: Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production poses another clinical problem with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study was aimed to evaluate the ESBL producers among various clinical samples of clinically suspected patients.Methods: A total of 1279 samples (urine [918], pus [207] and stool [154]) were collected and 465 isolates (Escherichia coli [320], Enterobacter aerogenes [119] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [26]) were isolated and screened for the presence of ESBL producers using combination disc method and double disc synergy test.Results: Of the 465 culture positive isolates, 130 (E. coli 93 [29.06%], E. aerogenes 35 [29.41%] and K. pneumoniae 2 [7.69%]) were identified as ESBL producers. Among the three Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli 93 (29.06%) was found to be predominant ESBL producer next in order E. aerogenes 35 (29.41%) and K. pneumoniae 2 (7.69%). Maximum number of ESBL producers were recovered from urine (n=111) followed by pus (n=14) and stool (n=5). All the ESBL-producing isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using 10 different antibiotics. ESBL producers were chiefly resistance to ceftriaxone followed by ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Of 130 ESBL producers, 15 (E. coli (8), E. aerogenes (6) and K. pneumoniae (1)] strains were selected for genotypic identification. Among, only two strains of E. aerogenes were positive isolates for CTX-M type ESBL in polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion: This study concluded that among Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli was the predominant ESBL producers and urine was noted as the prime source for the ESBL positive isolates when compared to other source. Genotypic identification was the best method to differentiate ESBL types which were essential to provide proper treatment.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility among the patients attending B & D hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadav Prasad Joshi ◽  
Shreejeet Shrestha ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Anita Thapa ◽  
Parbati Upreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background:Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans and serious health problem in many parts of the world. It has become more complicated in treatment due to different pathogens and increasing resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens among the patients attending in B & B hospital Nepal.Materials and Methods:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in between April 2010 to March 2011. Urine samples were collected from clinically suspected patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for isolated pathogen using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results:Out of 1260 examined specimens 25.24 % were positive and majority 61.64% were females.  The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66.67%), Enterococcus (7.55%) and Staphylococcus (6.60 %). The drug resistant among the positive cases were reported. The highest resistant of positive cases was found with Cefexime (87.88%) and Enterococcus with Ampicillin (66.67%) and Staphyllococcus with Cloxacillin (66.67%). The highest susceptibility was for Vancomycin and Ampicillin i.e. 33.33% in each.Conclusion:The findings showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogen and the presence of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process and serious issue. Therefore, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-51

scholarly journals ЧУТЛИВІСТЬ ЗБУДНИКІВ БАКТЕРІАЛЬНИХ ХВОРОБ ПТИЦІ ДО АНТИБАКТЕРІАЛЬНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
A.A. Fotina ◽  
Zh.E. Klischova
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Pathological Material

The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs without control may leads to the development of numerous complications and resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs should are controlled on poultry farms. That is why the monitoring and determination of sensitivity of bacterial diseases agents to antimicrobial drugs are very important. Results of salmonellas’ and kolibakterias’ monitoring in poultry’s farms of Ukraine are introduced in the article. Researches were conducted at the Department of veterinary sanitary examination, microbiology, zoohygiene and safety and quality of livestock products of Sumy NAU. Sampling for microbiological studies was conducted from the hatchery and from pathological material and premises where poultry of different age groups was held. The spread of the disease, morbidity, mortality, mortality rate, age characteristics, economic loss what diseases cause to the poultry farms were counted. Identification of Salmonella and Escherichia was conducted by ELISA with using of RIDASCREEN® and LOCATE® test systems, according to methodical recommendations of RIDASCREEN® and LOCATE® test systems using. The results were read visually or after addition of storageco with ELISA–photometer (reader) at 450 nm. Sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by disco – diffusion method in agar. Microbiological monitoring of a number of poultry farms in Ukraine has shown that agents of bacterial diseases’ are widely spread. Between the isolated microflora largest number were accounted for Salmonella (54.1%) and the Escherichia (30.8 per cent). The rest (15,1%) were isolated cultures of Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Campylobacteria, Enterobacteria, and Clostridia Citrobacter. This indicates that systematic control over the availability of the causative agents of bacterial infections in all critical points of production of poultry products is very necessary. Among isolates that were isolated from ill poultry and poultry objects, differences in their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents from active substances that officially have registered in our country were discovered. Bactericidal activity of relatively isolated cultures was showed by colistin, ftorfenicol, zeftiocur, TimTil 250, doxicyclin, enroxil and sarafloxacin.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Fractions from Ethanol-Extracted Residues of Piper guineense Leaves on Gram Negative Clinical Isolate

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Tharcitus Chilaka Onwudiwe Prince Chiazor Unekwe ◽  
Kingsley Chimsorom Chilaka Malachy Ifeanyi Obi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibacterial Screening

The problem of drug resistance to orthodox antimicrobial agents has remained a setback in the treatment of bacterial infections in the modern society. Adverse effects, coupled with scarcity and high cost of orthodox drugs have necessitated interest in the search, development and use of antibacterial agents from plant origin. Piper guineense is claimed in traditional medicine as a remedy for gram negative organism-transmitted infections. The leaves of Piper guineense plant was collected, washed, dried at room temperature and pulverized. The plant material was extracted with 80% ethanol. The ethanol-extracted residue was subjected to fractionation. Seventeen fractions were obtained, and were pooled together based on their Rf values into five pooled-fractions labeled: PF-1, PF-2, PF-3, PF-4, PF-5. Both the ethanol and fraction extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis, preliminary antibacterial screening, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations determination using both clinical isolates and type culture organisms. The yield of ethanol-extracted residue was low (21.08g) when compared to the amount of pulverized plant material (500g). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids in all the extracts. The extracts produced statistically significant lower zone of inhibition (p<0.05) when compared with the standard drug (amoxicillin), it also demonstrated activity against test organisms used in the study. The findings of this study demonstrated that ethanol leaf extract of Piper guineense possess antibacterial activities, therefore justifies the traditional claim of the plant.

scholarly journals Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli in a tertiary health care facility in Anambra State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Ifeoma G Nwafuluaku ◽  
Nneka R Agbakoba ◽  
Simon N Ushie ◽  
Eucharia A Dilibe
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Synergy Test

Background: The prevalence of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli has recently increased worldwide due to the expression of ESBL genes which had led to high rate of multidrug resistance antibiotics. Aim: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli isolates and evaluating the ESBL carriage of these isolates at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Methods: One hundred and two clinical Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from UTI suspects and analyzed for ESBL production at phenotypic and genotypic levels using Modified Double Disc Synergy Test and Polymerase Chain Reaction respectively. Results: Of the 102 isolates, 100(98.04%) were associated with MDR phenotypes. The isolates showed variable resistance to all the antibiotics used in the study. The resistance rates were 99.0%, 97.1%, 88.2%, 82.4%, 81.4%, 65.7%, 54.9%, 46.1%, 46.1%, 23.5% for ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, gentamycin, cefoxitin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem, and respectively. The prevalence of phenotypic ESBL production was 74.5%. Based on the PCR results, the randomly selected 20 ESBL-positive isolates possessed one or more ESBLs genes. CTX-M type was the predominant ESBLs type (100%), while those for TEM and SHV-types were 85% and 80% respectively. Four genotype patterns were detected (CTX-M, TEM+CTX-M, SHV+CTX-M and SHV+TEM+CTX-M). The genotype SHV+TEM+CTX-M, was the predominant (70%), followed by the genotype TEM +CTX-M combination (15%). The occurrences of the genotypes, CTX-M and SHV+CTX-M were 5% and 10% respectively. Conclusion: This study found a high rate of Phenotypic ESBL production (74.5%) among the isolates with multidrug resistance, CTX-M as the predominant ESBLs type (100%) and combination of SHV+TEM+CTX-M as the predominant genotype (70%).

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