Antibacterial activity of bacteria isolated from Phragmites australis against multidrug-resistant human pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-303
Author(s):  
Vania Delfino ◽  
Carmela Calonico ◽  
Antonella Lo Nostro ◽  
Lara Mitia Castronovo ◽  
Sara Del Duca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Novel Antibiotics

Background: Rising number of multidrug-resistant human pathogens demands novel antibiotics: to this aim, unexplored natural sources are investigated to find new compounds. In this context, bacteria associated to medicinal plants, including Phragmites australis, might represent an important source of antimicrobial compounds. Materials & methods: In the present work, 21 bacterial endophytes isolated from P. australis roots were tested, by cross-streaking, for their inhibitory activity against 36 multidrug-resistant pathogens isolated from food, clinical patients and hospitals. Results & conclusion: Seven endophytes, belonging to Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas, were able to inhibit the growth of most of the target strains. In conclusion, this preliminary work could pave the way for the discovery of new antibiotics against superbugs.

scholarly journals Highlighting the Biotechnological Potential of Deep Oceanic Crust Fungi through the Prism of Their Antimicrobial Activity

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Maxence Quemener ◽  
Marie Dayras ◽  
Nicolas Frotté ◽  
Stella Debaets ◽  
Christophe Le Meur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Oceanic Crust ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Among the different tools to address the antibiotic resistance crisis, bioprospecting in complex uncharted habitats to detect novel microorganisms putatively producing original antimicrobial compounds can definitely increase the current therapeutic arsenal of antibiotics. Fungi from numerous habitats have been widely screened for their ability to express specific biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) involved in the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds. Here, a collection of unique 75 deep oceanic crust fungi was screened to evaluate their biotechnological potential through the prism of their antimicrobial activity using a polyphasic approach. After a first genetic screening to detect specific BGCs, a second step consisted of an antimicrobial screening that tested the most promising isolates against 11 microbial targets. Here, 12 fungal isolates showed at least one antibacterial and/or antifungal activity (static or lytic) against human pathogens. This analysis also revealed that Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Enterococcus faecalis CIP A 186 were the most impacted, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. A specific focus on three fungal isolates allowed us to detect interesting activity of crude extracts against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, complementary mass spectrometry (MS)-based molecular networking analyses were performed to putatively assign the fungal metabolites and raise hypotheses to link them to the observed antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Spotlight on New Antibiotics for the Treatment of Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117954842098278
Author(s):  
Alessandro Russo
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Oral Formulations ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
New Compounds

In the last years, the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative (like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive bacteria (mostly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was worldwide reported, limiting the options for an effective antibiotic therapy. For these reasons, inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and delayed prescription can lead to an unfavorable outcome, especially in patients with pneumonia. New antibiotics approved belong to classes of antimicrobials, like beta-lactams with or without beta-lactamase inhibitors, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, quinolones, and tetracyclines, or based on new mechanisms of action. These new compounds show many advantages, including a broad spectrum of activity against MDR pathogens, good lung penetration, safety and tolerability, and finally the possibility of intravenous and/or oral formulations. However, the new antibiotics under development represent an important possible armamentarium against difficult-to-treat strains. The safety and clinical efficacy of these future drugs should be tested in clinical practice. In this review, there are reported characteristics of newly approved antibiotics that represent potential future options for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Finally, the characteristics of the drugs under development are briefly reported.

scholarly journals Slime molds as a valuable source of antimicrobial agents

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Tafakori
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens

AbstractGiven the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogens, the number of effective antimicrobial agents to deal with the threat of bacterial and fungal resistance has fallen dramatically. Therefore, the critical solution to deal with the missing effective antibiotics is to research new sources or new synthetic antibiotics. Natural products have different advantages to be considered antimicrobial agents. There are different natural sources for antimicrobial agents, such as bacteria, fungi, algae, slime molds, and plants. This article has focused on antibiotics from slime molds, especially Myxomycetes. The reason why slime molds have been chosen to be studied is their unique bioactive metabolites, especially over the past couple of decades. Some of those metabolites have been demonstrated to possess antibiotic activities. Hence, this article has focused on the potential of these creatures as an alternative source of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Bringing Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for New Drugs into the Clinical Laboratory: Removing Obstacles in Our Fight against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Kirby ◽  
Thea Brennan-Krohn ◽  
Kenneth P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
Patient Use

ABSTRACT There are now several new antibiotics available to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens, and susceptibility testing methods for these drugs are increasingly available at the time of drug approval. However, lack of clarity regarding verification requirements remains a formidable barrier to introducing such testing in clinical laboratories, making these drugs practically unavailable for patient use. We propose a change in the framework for bringing in testing for new antibiotics, focusing on quality control rather than underpowered verification studies.

Combining Antimicrobial Peptides with Nanotechnology: An Emerging Field in Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sk Abdul Mohid ◽  
Anirban Bhunia
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
New Generation

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and their rapid adaptation against new antibiotics is a major challenge for scientists and medical professionals. Different approaches have been taken to combat this problem, which includes rationally designed potent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and several nanoparticles and quantum dots. AMPs are considered as a new generation of super antibiotics that hold enormous potential to fight against bacterial resistance by the rapidly killing planktonic as well as their biofilm form while keeping low toxicity profile against eukaryotic cells. Various nanoparticles and quantum dots have proved their effectiveness against a vast array of infections and diseases. Conjugation and functionalization of nanoparticles with potentially active antimicrobial peptides have added advantages that widen their applications in the field of drug discovery as well as delivery system including imaging and diagnostics. This article reviews the current progress and implementation of different nanoparticles and quantum dots conjugated antimicrobial peptides in terms of bio-stability, drug delivery, and therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Clinically relevant infections in hematology and oncology: bacterial infections and the role of novel antibiotics in times of multidrug resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Fritsche
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Novel Antibiotics

SummaryMultidrug resistance of bacterial pathogens is an increasing problem wordwide, especially treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) gramnegative bacteria is challenging. In the recent past, several new antibiotics as well as new betalactamase inhibitors have been introduced. These novel drugs are valuable new tools for the therapy of infectious complications in cancer patients once there is a high risk for infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens. While it is necessary to start empirical antibiotic therapy immediately, novel antibiotics only provide benefits in certain situations, depending on the underlying pathogens. Thus, these new antibiotics are best used guided by microbiological testing, since the exact mechanism of resistance determines susceptibility or resistance to certain antibiotics. For empirical therapy, previous culture results and/or colonization with MDR pathogens can help to choose from conventional antibiotics or novel drugs. In clinical practice, optimal antibiotic therapy can be achieved by close collaboration of specialists in hematooncology, infectious diseases and microbiology.

scholarly journals Diversity, evolution and medical applications of insect antimicrobial peptides

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1695) ◽  
pp. 20150290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Mylonakis ◽  
Lars Podsiadlowski ◽  
Maged Muhammed ◽  
Andreas Vilcinskas
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short proteins with antimicrobial activity. A large portion of known AMPs originate from insects, and the number and diversity of these molecules in different species varies considerably. Insect AMPs represent a potential source of alternative antibiotics to address the limitation of current antibiotics, which has been caused by the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. To get more insight into AMPs, we investigated the diversity and evolution of insect AMPs by mapping their phylogenetic distribution, allowing us to predict the evolutionary origins of selected AMP families and to identify evolutionarily conserved and taxon-specific families. Furthermore, we highlight the use of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a whole-animal model in high-throughput screening methods to identify AMPs with efficacy against human pathogens, including Acinetobacter baumanii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . We also discuss the potential medical applications of AMPs, including their use as alternatives for conventional antibiotics in ectopic therapies, their combined use with antibiotics to restore the susceptibility of multidrug-resistant pathogens, and their use as templates for the rational design of peptidomimetic drugs that overcome the disadvantages of therapeutic peptides. The article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides’.

Novel Antibiotics from Marine Sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1446-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Martis ◽  
G M Doshi ◽  
G V Aggarwal ◽  
P P Shanbhag
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Novel Antibiotics ◽  
Untapped Resource

With the emergence of newer diseases, resistant forms of infectious diseases and multi-drug resistant bacteria, it has become essential to develop novel and more effective antibiotics. Current antibiotics are obtained from terrestrial life or made synthetically from intermediates. The ocean represents virtually untapped resource from which novel antibiotic compounds can be discovered. It is the marine world that will provide the pharmaceutical industry with the next generation of antibiotics. Marine antibiotics are antibiotics obtained from marine organisms. Scientists have reported the discovery of various antibiotics from marine bacteria (aplasmomycin, himalomycins, and pelagiomycins), sponges (Ara C, variabillin, strobilin, ircinin-1, aeroplysin, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenylacetamide), coelenterates (asperidol and eunicin), mollusks (laurinterol and pachydictyol), tunicates (geranylhydroquinone and cystadytins), algae (cycloeudesmol, aeroplysinin-1(+), prepacifenol and tetrabromoheptanone), worms (tholepin and 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybezaldehyde), and actinomycetes (marinomycins C and D). This indicates that the marine environment, representing approximately half of the global diversity, is an enormous resource for new antibiotics and this source needs to be explored for the discovery of new generation antibiotics. The present article provides an overview of various antibiotics obtained from marine sources.

scholarly journals A novel chemical biology and computational approach to expedite the discovery of new-generation polymyxins against life-threatening Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xukai Jiang ◽  
Nitin A. Patil ◽  
Mohammad A. K. Azad ◽  
Hasini Wickremasinghe ◽  
Heidi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Novel Antibiotics

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have been an urgent threat to global public health. Novel antibiotics are desperately needed to combat these 'superbugs'.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document