AMEBAS PATÓGENAS DE VIDA LIBRE DEL GÉNERO ACANTHAMOEBA EN AGUAS RECREATIVAS EN LA HUASTECA POTOSINA, MÉXICO

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ortiz Ortega ◽  
Alonso Vilches Flores ◽  
Marco Aurelio Rodríguez Monroy ◽  
Patricia Bonilla Lemus
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Amebic Encephalitis ◽  
Animal Tests

Studies accomplished in freshwater demonstrate the importance of identify the presence of<br />protozoa like free living amoebae (FLA). In particular, the genera Acanthamoeba is associated with<br />severe infections in man, as the Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE). The most important<br />factor for the development of these organisms is the high temperature of the water body. The<br />region of the Huasteca Potosina in Mexico, with a tropical climate and great aquatic resorts, like<br />rivers, waterfalls and pools of thermal waters, that allows the development of amoebae. In this<br />study we evaluated the presence of amoebas in the most visited places on the Huasteca Potosina.<br />Samples of a liter were taken in nine sites during the rainy and dry season. 54 strains of amoebas<br />were identify, 46 belong to the genera Acanthamoeba, resulting 30 of them pathogenic in the<br />animal tests. The pathogenic isolated amoebas were present in the most attended resorts by the<br />people in the waterfalls or pools of the places sampling. Temperature turned out to be the most<br />important factor for the presence of amoebae.

The Effect of Land Use on Water Quality in Lam Takong Basin, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glinsukol Suwannarat ◽  
Pongthep Suwanwaree
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Septic Tank

The water quality assessment of Lam Takong River and tributaries, from 20 stations, 6 times (October and December, 2008; February, April, June and August, 2009), revealed that overall water quality was in class 3 of Thailand surface water standard, except NH3-N, P and BOD. The maximum of NH3-N (12.6 mg/L), Phosphate 2.7 mg/L and BOD (8.7 mg/L) were found at Quartermaster Department Royal Thai Army Bridge, Nakhon Ratchasima Municipality pump in Lam Takong reservoir and Ban Ta Krasang, respectively, causing class 4 surface water standard in these areas. Moreover, trophic level of Lam Ta Khong River was mesotrophic; except they were meso-eutrophic after passing through Nakhon Ratchasima Municipality, Ban Ta Krasung, and Kan Pom dam before reaching Mool River. The season also affected on water quality. The value of pH, DO, BOD and NH3-N were significantly higher in dry season (p<0.01), while temperature, salinity and TSS were significantly lower in dry season (p<0.01). However, turbidity, TOC, NO3, NO2 and Chlorophyll-a in rainy season were higher than dry season but not statistically different. Pearson’s Correlation of 9 land use types on water quality showed that urban area was correlated with BOD, DO, NH3-N, PO4 and Chlorophyll-a (0.425, 0.380, -0.259, 0.445, and 0.339, respectively) higher than industrial area, scrub forest and water body. However, nitrate was mostly correlated with water body. Later, statistical models were developed from these results. WAPS was used to predict water quality in Lam Takong River. Three scenarios (present, 10 years, and 10 years with 25% BOD reduction) were simulated. The model predicts that water quality still decreases when flow through Nakhon Ratchasima Municipality. The minimum DO would reach 1 mg/L in ten years. However, if 25% BOD are reduced by future wastewater treatment plant and septic tank construction, the minimum DO would be 2.75 mg/L.

Factors influencing development of free-living generations of Strongyloides stercoralis

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shiwaku ◽  
Y. Chigusa ◽  
T. Kadosaka ◽  
K. Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Prednisolone Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

SUMMARYThe effects of duration of infection and of temperature and nourishment in cultures on development of free-living generations of Strongyloides stercoralis were studied quantitatively. Rhabditiform larvae, 228–353 μm long, were collected from infected dogs with or without prednisolone treatment using the Baermann apparatus. Cultures were carried out by the filter paper test-tube method under the following conditions: incubation temperature 15–40°C and faecal dilution 1:0–1:16. Rhabditiform larvae developed predominantly to free-living females at incubation temperatures of 15–30°C and low faecal dilutions, but filariform larvae appeared mainly under extreme conditions such as high temperature. Recovery rates of filariform larvae were inversely related to those of females. It was remarkable that high temperature, but not low faecal dilution, affected development of filariform larvae. Although the appearance of free-living males was constant in various environmental conditions, the present study indicated an increase in free-living males with the duration of infection. Thus, it seems that free-living males are already fixed as male in the egg stage, and potential female rhabditiform larvae differentiate into free-living females or filariform larvae depending on environmental factors. There is no marked difference in the development of rhabditiform larvae into filariform larvae in either the immunosuppressed dog or the intact dog.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK FISIK LAHAN DI NAGARI PARU (RIMBO LARANGAN) KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Zella Putra Ulni
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Levee ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
The World

Indonesia is a country that has a tropical climate, tropical climate caused so much rain during the year compared to the dry season. With the tropical climate of Indonesia has a region dominated by forests that are the lungs of the world. One of the existing forests are forests located in the District Lung Nagari Sijunjung Sijunjung or better known by local people with the name Rimbo Prohibition. This study aims to find out about the physical karaksteristik land (slope, landform, hydrology) in Rimbo Prohibition in Nagari Lung District of Sijunjung Sijunjung, knowing how the utilization of land by the community around Rimbo Prohibition. This type of research is descriptive. The results showed that the physical characteristics of the land is very varied Prohibition Rimbo, Rimbo height of Prohibition highly variable, then the slope in Rimbo Laranagn also vary. Landform in Rimbo ban can be divided into three parts, namely the karst hills, alluvial plains and natural levee. Hydrological conditions in the sub-basins of lung depends on the streams flowing from Rimbo Prohibition. Land use specially designated as forests. With Prohibition Rimbo characteristics that vary widely made public memamfaatkan forest products as needed to make Rimbo Prohibition awake d beauty.Keywords: physical characteristics of the land, the use of Rimbo Prohibition

scholarly journals Multiple groESL Operons Are Not Key Targets of RpoH1 and RpoH2 in Sinorhizobium meliloti

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (10) ◽  
pp. 3507-3515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alycia N. Bittner ◽  
Valerie Oke
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Free Living Conditions

ABSTRACT Among the rhizobia that establish nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of host plants, many contain multiple copies of genes encoding the sigma factor RpoH and the chaperone GroEL/GroES. In Sinorhizobium meliloti there are two rpoH genes, four groESL operons, and one groEL gene. rpoH1 mutants are defective for growth at high temperature and form ineffective nodules, rpoH1 rpoH2 double mutants are unable to form nodules, and groESL1 mutants form ineffective nodules. To explore the roles of RpoH1 and RpoH2, we identified mutants that suppress both the growth and nodulation defects. These mutants do not suppress the nitrogen fixation defect. This implies that the functions of RpoH1 during growth and RpoH1/RpoH2 during the initiation of symbiosis are similar but that there is a different function of RpoH1 needed later during symbiosis. We showed that, unlike in Escherichia coli, overexpression of groESL is not sufficient to bypass any of the RpoH defects. Under free-living conditions, we determined that RpoH2 does not control expression of the groE genes, and RpoH1 only controls expression of groESL5. Finally, we completed the series of groE mutants by constructing groESL3 and groEL4 mutants and demonstrated that they do not display symbiotic defects. Therefore, the only groESL operon required by itself for symbiosis is groESL1. Taken together, these results suggest that GroEL/GroES production alone cannot explain the requirements for RpoH1 and RpoH2 in S. meliloti and that there must be other crucial targets.

scholarly journals Fatal Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis Due to Balamuthia mandrillaris in New Mexico: A Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia N. Pindyck ◽  
Lauren E. Dvorscak ◽  
Blaine L. Hart ◽  
Michael D. Palestine ◽  
Joel E. Gallant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Balamuthia Mandrillaris ◽  
Water Exposure ◽  
Free Living Amoeba ◽  
History Of ◽  
Amebic Encephalitis

Abstract Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living amoeba that can cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE). We report a case in an individual with a history of alcohol abuse, cocaine use, and ditch water exposure. This is the first reported case of GAE due to B mandrillaris in New Mexico.

scholarly journals Effects of Vermicompost, Fertilizer and Mulch on Plant Growth, Nodulation and Pod Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Singh ◽  
K. Pathak ◽  
A. Verma ◽  
V. Verma ◽  
B. Deka
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Pod Yield

Effects of Vermicompost, Fertilizer and Mulch on Plant Growth, Nodulation and Pod Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)Integration of vermicompost and organic mulch as elements of vegetable production system sustain soil fertility and crop productivity. A field experiment was conducted with the objective to investigate the effects of vermicompost, NPK fertilizer and organic mulch on crop growth, nodulation and pod yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) with an ultimate aim of optimizing water and nutrient requirement in mild-tropical climate during dry season. The shoot growth traits, namely shoot length, number of primary branches, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight were increased by 28-63% through application of N P2O5K2O 8:13:10 kg·ha-1+ vermicompost 3.75 t·ha-1and by 5-50% in organic mulching treatments. Application of vermicompost reduced nodule fresh weight and nodule dry weight by 44.9 and 44.5%, respectively. Likewise, corresponding nodule number, nodule fresh weight and nodule dry weight were reduced by 8.6, 11.1 and 14.1% with organic mulching. Poor nodulations might be due to reduced oxygenation of the soils under vermicompost and organic mulch which is ultimately impeding the nitrogenase activity and biological nitrogen fixation. Mulching of French bean with dried grasses and crop residues are also led to higher single pod weight, pod length, pod weight/plant and pod yield by 10.9, 12.8, 20.1 and 20.2%, respectively. Present study shows that application of N P2O5K2O fertilizer 8-15:13-25:10-20 kg·ha-1, vermicompost 2.50-3.75 t·ha-1, 4 cm thick mulch of dried crop residues and 50% irrigation is the most suitable and sustainable strategy to improve plant growth, pod formation and pod yield of French bean, and soil health of mild-tropical climate during dry season.

scholarly journals High Occurrence of Potentially Pathogenic Free Living Amoebae in Water Bodies of Kaleybar and Khodaafarin, East Azerbaijan Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (Special-Issue1) ◽  
pp. 727-731
Author(s):  
Hamed Behniafar ◽  
Maryam Niyyati ◽  
Zohreh Lasjerdi ◽  
Samira Dodangeh
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nutrient Agar Medium ◽  
Amebic Encephalitis ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Free living amoebas are widespread protozoans that can be found in different environmental resources such as water bodies, soil and clays. Free living amoebae particularly Acanthamoeba could lead to diseases with poor prognosis including ameobic keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) especially in contact lens wears and immunocompromised individuals, respectively. In the present study 50 samples were collected from water resources (hot-springs, cold springs, rivers, wells, refined drinking water and subterranean canals) of Kaleybar and Khodaafarin, East Azarbayjan Province, Iran. The samples were transferred to laboratory and cultured on 1.5% non-nutrient agar medium containing Escherichia coli bacteria at room temperature and finally examined by microscopic methods. The results showed that out of 50 water samples, 40% were positive samples for free-living amoebae (FLA) including 60% Acanthamoebae genus, %35 Haetmannellidae, %20 Valkamphiids, %20 Vannella, %10 Thechamoeba (45% of plates had mix contamination). The present research was the first study to address the presence of potentially pathogenic free living amoebae in Kaleybar and Khodaafarin, East-Azerbaijan Province.

scholarly journals The sub-Recent <i>Bradleytriebella lineata</i> (Ostracoda, Crustacea) in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Mischke
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Abiotic Habitat ◽  
Stream Waters

Abstract. Sub-Recent ostracod valves of Bradleytriebella lineata (Victor &amp; Fernando, 1981) were recorded in Nahal Bokek only in 2008 but not during subsequent surveys in 2010 and 2013. Nahal Bokek, a stream entering the Dead Sea from its western escarpment, represents the species’ single record in Israel, far away from its main Afrotropical and South to East Asia distribution. The temporary colonization of Nahal Bokek by B. lineata probably resulted from the suitability of the thermal stream waters for occupation and the subsequent termination of the population only six days after the collection of the sub-Recent valves during a flood on 24 October 2008. The preceding flood on 30 February 2008 restricts the period of possible stream inhabitation by B. lineata to a duration of eight months. Thus, the record of sub-Recent valves of B. lineata in Nahal Bokek represents an exceptional example of short-term occupation of a hydrologically dynamic flood-controlled water body by a species far away from its main geographical distribution. The recognition of Nahal Bokek as a stream fed mainly by thermal waters shows that the documentation of the abiotic habitat characteristics is a prerequisite for the understanding of the occurrence of a species outside its proper range of distribution.

scholarly journals Milk Composition of Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in a Natural Environment in Myanmar during Late Lactation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Dierenfeld ◽  
Yadana A. M. Han ◽  
Khyne U. Mar ◽  
Aung Aung ◽  
Aung Thura Soe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Captive Populations

The nutritional content of milk from free-living Asian elephants has not previously been reported, despite being vital for better management of captive populations. This study analyzed both milk composition and consumed plant species of Asian elephants managed in their natural environment in Myanmar. Longitudinal samples (n = 36) were obtained during both the wet and the dry season from six mature females in mid to late lactation in 2016 and 2017. Milk composition averaged 82.44% water, with 17.56% total solids containing 5.23% protein, 15.10% fat, 0.87% ash, and 0.18 µg/mL vitamin E. Solids and protein increased with lactation month. Total protein in milk was higher during the wet vs. the dry season. Observed factors linked with maternal (age, parity, size and origin) and calf traits (sex) had significant associations with milk nutrient levels. Primary forages consumed contained moderate protein and fiber. Higher dietary protein during the wet season (11–25%) compared to the dry season (6–19%) may be linked with increased milk protein observed. Our results call for further field studies of milk and diet composition, over entire seasons/lactation periods, and across maternal and calf traits, to improve feeding management, with an overall goal of maximized health and survival.

scholarly journals ORGANIC MATTER IN THERMAL WATERS OF KAMCHATKA (OXYGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
V.A. Poturay
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Biogenic Origin ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones

The author represents his investigation of the oxygen-containing compounds composition in sterile steam-water mixture from wells and in high-temperature springs of the Mutnovskaya, Paratunskaya and Uzonskaya hydrothermal systems. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, it has been identified 42 oxygen-containing compounds belonging to 7 homologous series. Alcohols, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones of biogenic origin are widely distributed in the hydrothermal systems.

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