scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide extracted from bacteria isolated in homemade and packed Idli batter

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 1309-1324
Author(s):  
Dr. S. Priyadharshini
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Idli Batter ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

Diverse exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing isolates were isolated from an Indian acidic fermented food (Idli) based on the colony morphology. Lactic acid bacteria are non-pathogenic organism widely distributed in nature typically involved in a large number of spontaneous food fermentation. One of the EPS-producing micro flora was selected for further characterization using FT-IR, SEM, TGA and XRD analysis. The effect of pH, salt and temperature on the yellow pigment were studied and these parameters are gently influence the growth of bacterial isolates. In pH the maximum yield of biomass were obtained at pH (8) . In temperature maximum yield at 40 C and in salt concentration (Nacl) the maximum yield were obtained with 2%. Effect of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and reducing power assay influence the growth biomass of the bacteria. In the structural characterization, the FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the α-d-glucose nature of the EPS. The SEM showed smooth surfaces and compact structure. TGA results showed higher degradation temperature of 272.01̊ C. XRD analysis proved the 33.4% crystalline nature of the EPS. All the above characteristics of the EPS produced by L. lactis showed that the EPS is of a good-quality polysaccharide with potential applications in the food industry.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Different Leaf Extracts of Hemionitis arifolia

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-291
Author(s):  
Rajendran Raja Priya ◽  
N. Bhadusha ◽  
Veramuthu Manivannan ◽  
Thanthoni Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

Objective: To evaluate the preliminary phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of the hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of Hemionitis arifolia. Methods: Total phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid contents were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. The free radical scavenging activity of the leaf hydroalcoholic extract were evaluated against DPPH+, ABTS+, Reducing power assay and nitric oxide assay were determined. Results: The hydroalcoholic concentrate of H. arifolia uncovered the most elevated polyphenol content when contrasted and the other phytoconstituents. Absolute phenol content of the hydroalcoholic separate was observed to be 31.78%, flavonoid content is 1.02% and Alkaloid content is 30.40% individually. The Solvent concentrates showed huge cell reinforcement movement, with hydroalcoholic extract. ABTS Assay, DPPH assay, Reducing power assay and Nitric oxide assay where the Inhibition concentration were 667.75µg/ml, 734.25 µg/ml, 791.58 µg/ml and 899.67 µg/ml. Conclusion: This study suggests that hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of H. arifolia could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and justifies its use in ethno-medicine.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVITY OF JAGGERY PREPARED USING PLANT MUCILAGE AS CLARIFICANT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Harish Nayaka Ma ◽  
Lava Chikkappaiah ◽  
Venkatesh Ks ◽  
Gunashree Bs ◽  
Sudharshan S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

Objective: The aim of the study was to prepare the jaggery using plant mucilage as clarificants and to evaluate the bioactivity of jaggery by determining total phenols, total flavonoids, reducing power, antibacterial activity, and antihelmintic activity.Methods: Jaggery was prepared from sugarcane variety Co-80632 using five plant mucilage as clarificants, namely Aloe vera, flax seeds, fenugreek, purslane, and malabar spinach at three different concentrations, i.e., 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% of raw sugarcane juice. The characteristic bioactivities such as total phenol content by Folin–Ciocalteu method, flavonoids content by spectrophotometer method, reducing power assay by measuring the absorbance at 700 nm, antibacterial activity by well-diffusion method, and antihelmintic activity by in vitro were determined.Results: The highest total phenolic content was observed in jaggery prepared using plant mucilage clarificant of A. vera (JAV4 [3.68±0.02]) and Fenugreek seeds (JFG4 [3.61±0.02]) at 0.4% followed by them at 0.2% and 0.1% concentration, respectively. Similarly, a significant amount of total flavonoids content was elevated only in 0.4% plant mucilage clarificants of Aloe vera-treated experimental group jaggery (0.73±0.01) compared to control (0.61±0.02). Further, the antioxidant activity of jaggery was evaluated by reducing power. The increased absorbance at 700 nm indicated the presence of reducing power. At 10 mg/ml concentration, an absorbance unit of 1.93 and 1.80 was observed for jaggery prepared using 0.4% concentration of A. vera and fenugreek seed mucilage clarificants. Antihelmintic activity of jaggery showed dosage depended on the pattern where with the increase in the concentration of mucilage, the antihelmintic activity enhanced. A. vera mucilage showed maximum antihelmintic activity at 0.4% concentration with paralytic time (28.6 min) and death time (39.6 min).Conclusion: Jaggery prepared using plants mucilaginous clarificants is the richest source of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, thereby contributed to the enhancement of bioactivity such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihelmintic activity. Thus, jaggery prepared using plant mucilage as clarificants is a novel nutraceutical product which can supplement the nutrients along with various medicinal properties through antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihelmintic activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Membrane Stabilizing Activities of Bark of Sonneratia apetala

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Emdadul Hasan Mukul ◽  
Mohammad Salim Hossain ◽  
Sayed Koushik Ahamed ◽  
Pankaj Debnath ◽  
Mariyam Akter
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Sonneratia Apetala ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity in terms of free radical scavenging capacity and membrane stabilizing ability of methanol extract of bark of Sonneratia apetala. The total phenol content of the extract was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant potential was investigated using 2,2 diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power assay and chelating power determination. The membrane stabilizing capacity was assessed by monitoring the hypotonic solution - and heat-induced haemolysis of human erythrocytes. The total phenolic content was found 50.75 mg/gm of gallic acid equivalent. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assay with IC50 value of 81.42 µg/ml as compared to the standard, BHT (IC50=42.56 µg/ml), Fe2+ ion reducing power assay and chelating power ability. In case of assay for chelating ability, EDTA represented 98.76% chelation while the plant extract showed 82.83% at concentration of 100 ?g/ml. In addition, the methanol extract of bark of this plant was found to moderately inhibit the haemolysis of human erythrocyte. In conclusion, the methanol extract of S. apetala could be valuable candidate for future development for antioxidant activity.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(2): 147-151, 2016

scholarly journals Ophiorrhiza mungos var. angustifolia – Estimation of camptothecin and pharmacological screening

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Krishna Kumar ◽  
A Muhammed Fayad ◽  
A Jayakumaran Nair
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Therapeutic Principles ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

Ophiorrhiza mungose var. angustifolia (Thwaites) Hook. f (Family- Rubiaceae) is a recently identified plant from Ophiorrhiza species in Western Ghats of Kerala. The plant is a promising candidate for the production of camptothecin (CPT) - a high value anticancer compound. Preliminary screening of hexane and methanol extract revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, caumarins, steroids, terpeanoids, saponins, carbohydrates and alkaloids. Camptothecin was estimated from methanol extract using high performance liquid chromatography and the level of CPT was 297.94 ± 2.27 µg/g dry weight. The in vitro antioxidant assay revealed both extract showed moderate level of total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric chloride reducing power assay, phospho-molybdate assay of total anti-oxidant capacity and nitric oxide scavenging activity assay. Antimicrobial study reveals that only hexane extract inhibits pathogenic bacteria and fungus. Overall these findings will lead to isolation of active compounds other than camptothecin, elucidate them against wider range of bioactivity studies to find new therapeutic principles.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CLERODENDRUM PANICULATUM (L.) LEAF AND FLOWER EXTRACTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
DEEPA R HEBBAR ◽  
DEVIKA M ◽  
RASHMI GN ◽  
NALINI MS
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemicals present in the flower and leaf extracts of Clerodendrum paniculatum L., collected from Nelji village of Kodagu district . Methods: The healthy leaves and flowers of C. paniculatum were collected and the plant extracts were prepared using ethanol, hexane and distilled water separately. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using standard procedurs for the flower and leaf extracts of C. paniculatum. The antioxidant activity in leaf and flower extracts was determined by three assays, estimation of total phenolic content, reducing power assay and radical scavenging activity (DPPH) using standard procedures. Results: Phytochemical screening conducted for the flower and leaf extracts of C. paniculatum showed the presence of three phytochemicals, namely saponins, alkaloids and terpenoids. Terpenoids were commonly present in all the extracts of flower and leaf that is in both polar (aqueous and ethanol) solvent and in non-polar (hexane) solvents. The extracts tested for the antioxidant activity showed the presence of total phenolics in ethanol, aqueous and hexane extracts. The aqueous extract showed high redox potential followed by ethanol and hexane extracts. The aqueous leaf extract showed high radical scavenging activity when compared to the flower extracts of C. paniculatum. Conclusion:  The present study showes C. paniculatum to be an important medicinal plant, since the flower and leaves showed good antioxidant activity. Thus it may used in the treatment of diseases and may also used in the preparation of natural or herbal drugs due to the presence of antioxidants.

Effect of Fenton pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1980-1987
Author(s):  
Shujie Wang ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
Mengjie Chen ◽  
Xianfeng Hou ◽  
Zhenzhong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Fenton Reagents ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The Fenton reaction has been widely used in the pretreatment of lignocellulose. It offers the advantages of simple operation, fast reaction speed, and low pollution. In this study, the effects of different proportions of Fenton reagents on the enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar were compared and analyzed, and the optimal ratio of Fenton reagents was obtained. The maximum yield of enzymatic hydrolysis of glucose in Fenton pretreatment samples was 406 mg/g at H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations of 1.0 mol/L and 0.01 mol/L, respectively, which was 2.5 times that of untreated samples. Meanwhile, the composition analysis and FT-IR analysis showed that Fenton pretreatment could degrade lignin and hemicellulose effectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that Fenton pretreatment can partially destroy the amorphous region of poplar. These findings will contribute to efforts to improve the viability of the Fenton pretreatment process for converting biomass into energy.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDATIVE AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENTIALS OF CYCLOSORUS INTERRUPTUS (WILLD.) H. ITÔ AND PRONEPHRIUM NUDATUM (ROXB. EX GRIFF.) HOLTTUM

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
ABHIJIT MITRA ◽  
MANABENDRA DUTTA CHOUDHURY ◽  
PRAKASH ROY CHOUDHURY ◽  
DEEPA NATH ◽  
SUBRATA DAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
Reducing Power Assay ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objectives: The work aims to screen the antioxidative potentials of different crude extracts of the fronds of two medicinally important pteridophytes of Southern Assam, India, namely, Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Itô and Pronephrium nudatum (Roxb. ex Griff.) Holttum. Methods: Frond extracts of the pteridophytes were prepared by Soxhlet hot extraction method. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of the fronds of the plants were done by following standard protocol. In vitro assessment of the antioxidative behavior of the extracts was performed using standard 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay, reducing power assay, metal chelating assay, hydroxyl, superoxide, and 2,2’- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline - 6 – sulfonic acid) radical scavenging methods in different in vitro systems. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis implicated the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in all the frond extracts. The methanol extract of the fronds of both the plants showed maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents in comparison to the other extracts, however, that of C. interruptus was found to be higher than P. nudatum. Antioxidative potentials of the said extracts were also found to be impressive and noteworthy. The decreasing order of the antioxidative efficacies of the extracts was found to be same as that of TPC and TFC of the extracts. Conclusion: It is pertinent to comment that the methanol extract of the fronds of both the plants may be treated as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Evaluation ofIn VitroAntioxidant Properties of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts ofParkinsonia aculeataL. Leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Sharma ◽  
Adarsh Pal Vig
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Power ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Parkinsonia Aculeata ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

In the present study, methanol and aqueous extracts ofParkinsonia aculeataL. leaves were prepared and analyzed for phytochemical analysis and antioxidant potential in differentin vitroassays. Antioxidant activity was studied using DPPH, CUPRAC, reducing power assay, deoxyribose degradation (site and nonsite specific), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), ferric thiocyanate (FTC), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and molybdate ion reduction, respectively. The total phenolic contents of the methanol and aqueous leaf extract were 39 mg GAE/g and 38 mg GAE/g, whereas flavonoid contents of these extracts were found to be 0.013 mg RE/g and 0.006 mg RE/g, respectively. From the two extracts, the methanol extract shows maximum inhibition (%) of 57.82%, 71.23%, 48.26%, 69.85%, and 52.78% in DPPH, nonsite- and site-specific, FTC, and TBA assays and absorbance of 0.669 and 0.241 in reducing power and CUPRAC assays at the highest concentration tested. UPLC analysis was done to determine the presence of various types of polyphenols present in plant extracts.

scholarly journals Phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of Rhubarb (Rheum emodi)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shahwan ◽  
Naema El Aali ◽  
Yusra Layas ◽  
Salem G. El Tumi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Reducing Power Assay ◽  
Novel Antioxidants ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid Compounds

Medicinal plants have varying natural products and several antioxidants. Antioxidants play a principal function to protect against destruction caused by oxidative stress (OS), <i>Rheum emodi</i> is not an exception, in which it is reported to have compounds that possess antioxidant activity, like polyphenolic compounds. In addition to that, other compounds have proven to have antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antifungal, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities. This study aimed to quantify the water extract of a powdered plant of <i>R. emodi</i> to evaluate its ability to scavage free radicals. Total phenolic, total flavonoid contents, and reducing ability were measured to consider possible sources of future novel antioxidants in plants. The TPC, TFC, and reducing power assay increased with increasing concentrations of <i>R. emodi</i>. At 1000 µg/ml, the absorbance ranged from 1.437 for TPC, 1.602 for TFC, and 1.638 for reducing power assay, which is more than the absorbance of the standards at the same concentration. The extracted content of reducing power, phenolic, and flavonoid compounds were higher than the standard pyrogallol, quercetin, and ascorbic acid.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Local Endemic Plant Pastinaca zozimoides Fenzl

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-649
Author(s):  
Cihan Düşgün ◽  
Teoman Kankılıç ◽  
Cemil İşlek ◽  
Dilara Fatma Balı ◽  
Özgür Kankılıç
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

P. zozimoides is local endemic in Nigde province, Turkey. There has been no previous examination of the chemical composition and bioactivity of that plant extract. In this study, we studied total phenolic content, antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effect of methanolic extracts of plant sample. According to the Folin-Ciocalteau method, the total phenolics of the extracts were determined spectrophometric. The antioxidant activity was conducted DPPH (1,1’-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and free radical reducing power assay. The cytotoxic effect was studied using MTT assay cell viability on cancer cell lines as well as on Caco-2 cell lines. The total phenolic content of P. zozimoides extract was found 28.79±0.68 μg GAE /mg. The free radical scavenger activities of the DPPH was 31.69%±1.61, 85.15%±0.13, 86.96%±0.085 for 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. The free radical reducing power assay was 0.375±0.52, 1.587±0.71, 1.798±0.84 for 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid standard. On Caco-2 cell lines, the extract of plant showed no cytotoxic potential. Because of its phenolic constituents and its antioxidant capacity it can be considered a healthy nutrient.

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