scholarly journals Validity of geophysical parameters in the mudflow cadastre of the south of Russia 

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 610-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koshkinbai N. Anakhayev
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The South ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
The Status ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction. When evaluating mudflow danger level and developing hydroengineering anti-mudflow measures, a great meaning is obtained by mudflow basin cadastres that are widely used as reference sources by water-economic project establishments, scientists, specialists of federal and local authorities. The cadastres influence the made decisions on development of the anti-mudflow measures and protective hydroengineering facilities, since the cadastres include basic dedicated data on mudflow basin locations, geophysical (geomorphometric, hydrological) characteristic and expected mudflow parameters. Materials and methods. The article uses known and proven methods of analysis of mudflow basin cadastres. The analytical methods are based on a comparative assessment of the presented results with basic geophysical data of primary sources (cadastres published earlier) and on-site investigations as well as compliance of the suggested empirical formulae on determination of mudflow carrying out volumes and indicators of territorial mudflow striking with mathematical and physical conditions of development of the real mudflow phenomena. Results. Critical analysis of the contents of the Cadastre of Mudflow Danger of the South of the European Part of Russia published in 2015 allows revealing multiple distortions and substitutions of basic geophysical data of mudflow basins. There is an inaccuracy (up to 3,000 to 4,000 % and even higher) of the empirical formulae used in the cadastre for determination of volumes of modflow carrying out. The analysis reveals a hydrogeographical error connected with unfounded substitution of the concept “river length” with the value of the “total length of the main course and all its inflows” that multiply overrates the calculated riverbed length and multiply underrates value of a riverbed bias. Also the study emphasizes unacceptability of definition of the mudflow danger territory by the principle “the water-collecting area of the mudflow course is totally mudflow-threatened" owing to which the absolutely safe natural landscapes are unreasonably declared mudflow-threatened territories. Conclusions. The stated analysis shows a discrepancy of the considered cadastre to the status of scientific and research work. In this connection, the cadastre cannot be recommended for use both in scientific researches and in practical ones. Recommendations on improvement of the mudflow basin cadastres are provided.

Crkvene institucije u srednjovjekovnoj praksi

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (88) ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Ante Bećir
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Political Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

The article sought to put the social and political agency of the Trogir Canons in the period from 1300 to 1360 into the wider context of political conflicts that took place between opposing noble factions within the Trogir commune in the 14th century. However, before commencing with the analysis, the author gives a basic insight into the status and infrastructure of the Trogir ecclesiastical organization, situated in its respective Dalmatian- Croatian and Hungarian context. Starting with the normative definition of a Cathedral Chapter, which exists to assist the Bishop and engage in the pastoral care of its human flock, the article compares the idea with the practical dealings of the Trogir Canons. It is highlighted that their dealings were almost primarily concerned with these-worldly matters. On the other hand, and on the basis of tracking several Trogir Canons, namely Jacob son of Peter (Vitturi), John son of Peter (Castrafoci), Stephan son of Michael (Cega), Lampredius son of Jacob (Vitturi), Kazarica son of Martin (Kazarice), Albert son of Marinus (Andreis) and some others, which are heavily exposed in the primary sources, it is argued that the Trogir Cathedral Chapter was not functioning in practice as an independent church corporation, rather than the Canons were in one way or another involved in the factional strifes. More precisely, the considered canons were deeply connected with the noble families, from which practically all of them originated, and sequentially with the informal factions. Therefore, the Canons exploited the existing institutional (corporate) framework and material resources of the Cathedral Chapter in the pursuit of their own individual or factional goals. In that respect, the Cathedral Chapter cannot be considered as an entity separate from the activities of the city lay authorities, regardless of the actual distinction in political and judicial jurisdiction between ecclesiastical and secular institutions. The Case of Trogir provided very fruitful material, which allowed the unraveling of social and political networks and the role of individual participants in the collective (political) agency. In other words, the paper put the focus more on individual agency, and less to structures, bearing in mind that individual agency is exactly that which shapes the institutions in the end.

Law and Sovereignty

1937 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-637
Author(s):  
J. Roland Pennock
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Political Obligation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Issue ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

Political theorists have spilt much ink in controversies over “sovereignty,” while probably even more effort has been devoted to discussion of the nature of law. It cannot be said that the result of all this activity has been to produce a body of generally accepted doctrine, or even that it has greatly clarified the field of discussion. On the contrary, misunderstandings and the abuse of terms have contributed greatly to a general fog.The real issue raised by the pluralists is much more than a question of logic. They challenge the premises of their opponents. They deal largely with the question of the limits of political obligation. With that we are not here concerned. The primary purpose of this article is to search for a meaning of “law” that will at once contribute to the clarification of the question as to the nature of law and aid in the determination of the most helpful legal signification of the term “sovereignty.” The accomplishment of this purpose should aid in settling the incidental questions of the nature of “constitutional law,” the possibility of “nullifying” law, and the status of “international law.”The two subjects—law and sovereignty—are frequently treated independently, but they are so inter-related as to render such treatment inadequate. A brief examination of the controversy over “sovereignty” will demonstrate how it ultimately resolves itself into a question of the definition of law.

scholarly journals Oak forests of the alliance Scutellario altissimae–Quercion roboris Goncharenko et al. 2020 in the South of the European part of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Tatyana Sokolova ◽  
◽  
Olga Ermolaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Part ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
The South ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Don River ◽  
New Association ◽  
Current Area ◽  
Definition Of

The article describes a new association of meso-xerophylous forests in the South of the European part of Russia Poo nemoralis–Quercetum roboris ass. nov. hoc loco, its differentiation from analogous syntaxa is discussed, and new data on the distribution of communities of the alliance Scutellario altissimae–Quercion roboris Goncharenko et al. 2020 on the Russian Plain are done. Vegetation classification was carried out by J. Braun-Blanquet approach based on 470 relevés of forest vegetation, collected by the author in 2007–2021 in the northern and central parts of Rostov, Voronezh and Volgograd Regions. In addition, the analysis included 777 relevés from the phytocenary made by G. M. Zozulin in the same regions in 1960–1980s. Based on the studies carried out, the current area of the alliance can be expanded to the lower reaches of the Don River. For a more adequate reflection of the floristic, ecological and geographical features of its communities, it was proposed to change the composition of the diagnostic species of the alliance and it was recommended to amend the current definition of the order Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, expanding its area to Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Sampling method for the determination of methane emissions from landfill surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1034-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Lucernoni ◽  
Matteo Rizzotto ◽  
Laura Capelli ◽  
Valentina Busini ◽  
Renato Del Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
System Validation ◽  
Landfill Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sampling Procedures

The first aim of this work is the definition and the study of a suitable sampling method for the measurement of landfill gas (LFG) emissions from landfill surfaces, since, up to now, there are no codified nor universally accepted sampling methods for this specific task. The studied sampling method is based on the use of a static hood. The research work involves a preliminary theoretical study for the hood design, experimental tests for the definition of the optimal sampling procedures, and simulations of the hood fluid-dynamics for the system validation. The second aim of this study is the investigation of the correlations between LFG emissions and meteorological conditions, whose identification would be very useful in terms of effective landfill management and pollution control. This involved a wide literature study for the selection of those parameters that seem to have an influence on LFG emission, and the collection of a great number of experimental data on a target site, which led to the conclusion that atmospheric pressure and soil humidity are the parameters that mostly affect LFG emissions.

scholarly journals Tax monitoring as a method of digitalization of tax administration in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-39
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Berezina ◽  
Anna Sergeevna Balandina ◽  
Ol'ga Svyatoslavovna Belomyttseva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Taxation System

This article presents a historical overview of the emergence of tax monitoring in the Russian Federation, as well as the analysis of its peculiarities within the context of trends of global taxation practice. Modern nations apply new approaches to tax administration, but commonly emerging and practically established ideas do not receive due scientific research. The object of this research is the process of digitalization of tax administration based on Russian and foreign experience. The subject of this research is the theoretical aspects of tax monitoring, as well as historical analysis of the emergence of a new format of interaction between tax administration and taxpayers in Russia and global practice. The goal of this work is to determine the role and importance of tax monitoring within taxation system of the Russian Federation, as well definition of tax monitoring as the means of digitalization of tax administration. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the comprehensive research of implementation of tax monitoring from the moment of its emergence in the global practice of taxation and determination of its essential features, which allowed concluding on incorrectness of legislator’s definition of tax monitoring as a form of tax control, and call for legislative definition of the concept of “tax administration”, as well as amending the Taxation Code of the Russian Federation for clarification of the status of taxpayers, who transitioned to the digital model of tax administration. The results of this research can be used in development of amendments to the legislation and criteria for assessing efficiency of tax monitoring.

scholarly journals Problems of Lexicographic Description of Dialect and Common Parlance Vocabulary (On the Example of the Word Chyo)

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Maria V. Bobrova ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Kolos’ko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Theory ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
The Status ◽  
Common Parlance ◽  
Theory Of Discourse ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Illustrative Material

The problems of describing dialect and common parlance lexemes in a dialect dictionary are raised in the article. These problems are illustrated by the example of the word chyo. The aim of the study was to reflect the issues caused by the use of such words (and the word chyo too) in dialect speech in content, formal and functionalcommunicative aspects, in connection with general issues of lexicographic theory. The material for the study was the card file for the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, data from regional dictionaries. The identified problems form two main groups: 1) related to general methodological guidelines (justification for including the dialect and common parlance words in a dialect dictionary) and 2) related to the principles of describing such lexemes in a dictionary entry. Within the first group, particular questions are highlighted: 1) about the correctness of including dialect and common parlance words in a differential dialect dictionary due to their functional and stylistic attribution, 2) about the differentiation of speech variants of dialect and common parlance words. Within the second group, particular questions are highlighted: 1) on the spelling of dialect and common parlance words: a) on the spelling of header words, b) on the spelling of dialect and common parlance words in illustrative material, 2) on the lexico-grammatical attribution of dialect and common parlance words, 3) on the definition of semantics of dialect and common parlance words: a) on the definition of semantics of dialect and common parlance words in a specific context, b) on the definition of semantics of polysemantic dialect and common parlance words, 4) on the determination of the status and description of the combinations of dialect and common parlance words with other words, 5) on the reflection of the functional and communicative status of dialect and common parlance words in a dictionary. It is concluded that the raised problems determine approaches to the lexicographic description of dialect and common parlance vocabulary in dialect dictionaries. Dialect lexicographers should work taking into account active processes in live spoken speech and language, and rely on the modern theory of discourse. The problems lexicographers face require special training in virtually all areas of modern linguistic and lexicographic theory. Lexicographers have a high responsibility in making a decision that can lead to the overcoming of problems that have arisen when writing a dictionary entry, as well as to the emergence of new ones.

scholarly journals The specificity of political lexicon in the English language

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Elina Rasimovna Nasibullaeva
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Political Term

The subject of this research is the political lexicon in the English language. The article examines the criteria fir determination of political lexicon, provides definitions of this term to various scholars, frames the definition of political lexicon, and highlights its peculiarities in the English language. The author also explores the question on the relationship between political lexicon and political (sociopolitical) terminology; defines the concept of “political term”; describes the main means and methods of enriching political lexicon in the English language. The following methods were applies in the course of study: general scientific method for collection of the existing literature on the topic; systematization and generalization for formulation of fundamental concepts of research; random sampling for selecting the examples; contextual analysis for determining the peculiarities of functionality of phrases within the system of English political lexicon and mass media; as well as translational analysis. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article allows establishing the status of political theme within the lexical system of English language, since for the current stage of development of linguistic a promising trend is the determination of morphogenetic linguistic phenomena. The author also describes the main means of enriching the lexicon on the example of research material, which allows reflecting the development trends of political lexicon in the modern English language.

scholarly journals The Enrica Lexie Incident and the Status of Anti-Piracy Security Personnel on Board

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Odello
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This article focuses on a specific issue that emerged in the Arbitral Award on the Enrica Lexie case delivered in May 2020. The dispute involved Italy and India in relation to the killings of Indian fishermen by Italian marines in the waters outside India. The incident raised several legal issues concerning the application of the law of the sea, the legal determination of anti-piracy actions by States and jurisdictional immunities. The purpose of this article is to focus on one specific issue that emerges from this case: the uncertain legal status of security personnel deployed on private vessels in relation to anti-piracy protection. The first part of the article shall consider the status of military personnel deployed on merchant ships for anti-piracy protection. The problem is central to the matter because, depending on the definition of their status, limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction by other States may emerge. The second part of this article discusses more broadly the status of military and private security personnel in actions that could be defined as ‘international policing or security’ activities, which should be better clarified through better international cooperation, exchange of information and clear rules. A more defined legal setting for anti-piracy activities would prevent possible future disputes in similar cases. Furthermore, it would be useful to have clearer rules that could be applied also to face other types of crimes that occur on the sea.

scholarly journals Does the Uniform Determination of Death Act Need to Be Revised?

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyen Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Determination Of Death ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

Prompted by concerns raised by the rise in litigations, which challenge the legal status of brain death (BD), Lewis and colleagues recently proposed a revision of the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA). The revision consists of (i) narrowing down the definition of BD to the loss of specific brain functions, namely those functions that can be assessed on bedside neurological examination; (ii) requiring that the determination of BD must be in accordance with the specific guidelines designated in the revision; and (iii) eliminating the necessity for obtaining consent prior to performing the tests for BD determination. By analyzing Lewis and colleagues’ revision, this article shows that this revision is fraught with difficulties. Therefore, this article also proposes two approaches for an ethical revision of the UDDA; the first is in accordance with scientific realism and Christian anthropology, while the second is grounded in trust and respect for persons. If the UDDA is to be revised, then it should be based on sound ethical principles in order to resolve the ongoing BD controversies and rebuild public trust. Summary: This article critically examines the recent revision of the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) advanced by Lewis and colleagues. The revision only further reinforces the status quo of brain death without taking into account the root cause of the litigations and controversies about the declaration of death by neurological criteria. In view of this deficiency, this article offers two approaches to revising the UDDA, both of which are founded on sound moral principles.

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