scholarly journals Problems of Lexicographic Description of Dialect and Common Parlance Vocabulary (On the Example of the Word Chyo)

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Maria V. Bobrova ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Kolos’ko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Theory ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
The Status ◽  
Common Parlance ◽  
Theory Of Discourse ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Illustrative Material

The problems of describing dialect and common parlance lexemes in a dialect dictionary are raised in the article. These problems are illustrated by the example of the word chyo. The aim of the study was to reflect the issues caused by the use of such words (and the word chyo too) in dialect speech in content, formal and functionalcommunicative aspects, in connection with general issues of lexicographic theory. The material for the study was the card file for the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, data from regional dictionaries. The identified problems form two main groups: 1) related to general methodological guidelines (justification for including the dialect and common parlance words in a dialect dictionary) and 2) related to the principles of describing such lexemes in a dictionary entry. Within the first group, particular questions are highlighted: 1) about the correctness of including dialect and common parlance words in a differential dialect dictionary due to their functional and stylistic attribution, 2) about the differentiation of speech variants of dialect and common parlance words. Within the second group, particular questions are highlighted: 1) on the spelling of dialect and common parlance words: a) on the spelling of header words, b) on the spelling of dialect and common parlance words in illustrative material, 2) on the lexico-grammatical attribution of dialect and common parlance words, 3) on the definition of semantics of dialect and common parlance words: a) on the definition of semantics of dialect and common parlance words in a specific context, b) on the definition of semantics of polysemantic dialect and common parlance words, 4) on the determination of the status and description of the combinations of dialect and common parlance words with other words, 5) on the reflection of the functional and communicative status of dialect and common parlance words in a dictionary. It is concluded that the raised problems determine approaches to the lexicographic description of dialect and common parlance vocabulary in dialect dictionaries. Dialect lexicographers should work taking into account active processes in live spoken speech and language, and rely on the modern theory of discourse. The problems lexicographers face require special training in virtually all areas of modern linguistic and lexicographic theory. Lexicographers have a high responsibility in making a decision that can lead to the overcoming of problems that have arisen when writing a dictionary entry, as well as to the emergence of new ones.

scholarly journals Determine heavy metals in water, aquatic plants, and sediment in water systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Hassan Flefel ◽  
Denis Nokhrin ◽  
Irina Donnik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Mobile Form ◽  
Atomic Absorption Determination ◽  
Absorption Determination ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Objective: Biomonitoring pollution of water bodies with heavy metals using evaluation of the level of concentration of heavy metals in water, aquatic plants, and sediments in 9 important rivers and lakes in the water bodies of Yekaterinburg. (Eight rivers and one lake). Methods: Sample preparation for the atomic absorption determination of the acid-soluble “mobile” form of eight metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in the composition of bottom sediments was carried out by the method of wet mineralization in accordance with the Methodological Guidelines the definition of heavy metals. Results: All concentrations of heavy metals in sediments and aquatic plants were higher than in a water sample. Conclusions: Concentrations of all water samples were within acceptable limits established by WHO, while the concentrations of all aquatic plants and sediment were above the acceptable limits of WHO.

Law and Sovereignty

1937 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-637
Author(s):  
J. Roland Pennock
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Political Obligation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Issue ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

Political theorists have spilt much ink in controversies over “sovereignty,” while probably even more effort has been devoted to discussion of the nature of law. It cannot be said that the result of all this activity has been to produce a body of generally accepted doctrine, or even that it has greatly clarified the field of discussion. On the contrary, misunderstandings and the abuse of terms have contributed greatly to a general fog.The real issue raised by the pluralists is much more than a question of logic. They challenge the premises of their opponents. They deal largely with the question of the limits of political obligation. With that we are not here concerned. The primary purpose of this article is to search for a meaning of “law” that will at once contribute to the clarification of the question as to the nature of law and aid in the determination of the most helpful legal signification of the term “sovereignty.” The accomplishment of this purpose should aid in settling the incidental questions of the nature of “constitutional law,” the possibility of “nullifying” law, and the status of “international law.”The two subjects—law and sovereignty—are frequently treated independently, but they are so inter-related as to render such treatment inadequate. A brief examination of the controversy over “sovereignty” will demonstrate how it ultimately resolves itself into a question of the definition of law.

scholarly journals Validity of geophysical parameters in the mudflow cadastre of the south of Russia 

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 610-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koshkinbai N. Anakhayev
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The South ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
The Status ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction. When evaluating mudflow danger level and developing hydroengineering anti-mudflow measures, a great meaning is obtained by mudflow basin cadastres that are widely used as reference sources by water-economic project establishments, scientists, specialists of federal and local authorities. The cadastres influence the made decisions on development of the anti-mudflow measures and protective hydroengineering facilities, since the cadastres include basic dedicated data on mudflow basin locations, geophysical (geomorphometric, hydrological) characteristic and expected mudflow parameters. Materials and methods. The article uses known and proven methods of analysis of mudflow basin cadastres. The analytical methods are based on a comparative assessment of the presented results with basic geophysical data of primary sources (cadastres published earlier) and on-site investigations as well as compliance of the suggested empirical formulae on determination of mudflow carrying out volumes and indicators of territorial mudflow striking with mathematical and physical conditions of development of the real mudflow phenomena. Results. Critical analysis of the contents of the Cadastre of Mudflow Danger of the South of the European Part of Russia published in 2015 allows revealing multiple distortions and substitutions of basic geophysical data of mudflow basins. There is an inaccuracy (up to 3,000 to 4,000 % and even higher) of the empirical formulae used in the cadastre for determination of volumes of modflow carrying out. The analysis reveals a hydrogeographical error connected with unfounded substitution of the concept “river length” with the value of the “total length of the main course and all its inflows” that multiply overrates the calculated riverbed length and multiply underrates value of a riverbed bias. Also the study emphasizes unacceptability of definition of the mudflow danger territory by the principle “the water-collecting area of the mudflow course is totally mudflow-threatened" owing to which the absolutely safe natural landscapes are unreasonably declared mudflow-threatened territories. Conclusions. The stated analysis shows a discrepancy of the considered cadastre to the status of scientific and research work. In this connection, the cadastre cannot be recommended for use both in scientific researches and in practical ones. Recommendations on improvement of the mudflow basin cadastres are provided.

scholarly journals Tax monitoring as a method of digitalization of tax administration in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-39
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Berezina ◽  
Anna Sergeevna Balandina ◽  
Ol'ga Svyatoslavovna Belomyttseva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Taxation System

This article presents a historical overview of the emergence of tax monitoring in the Russian Federation, as well as the analysis of its peculiarities within the context of trends of global taxation practice. Modern nations apply new approaches to tax administration, but commonly emerging and practically established ideas do not receive due scientific research. The object of this research is the process of digitalization of tax administration based on Russian and foreign experience. The subject of this research is the theoretical aspects of tax monitoring, as well as historical analysis of the emergence of a new format of interaction between tax administration and taxpayers in Russia and global practice. The goal of this work is to determine the role and importance of tax monitoring within taxation system of the Russian Federation, as well definition of tax monitoring as the means of digitalization of tax administration. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the comprehensive research of implementation of tax monitoring from the moment of its emergence in the global practice of taxation and determination of its essential features, which allowed concluding on incorrectness of legislator’s definition of tax monitoring as a form of tax control, and call for legislative definition of the concept of “tax administration”, as well as amending the Taxation Code of the Russian Federation for clarification of the status of taxpayers, who transitioned to the digital model of tax administration. The results of this research can be used in development of amendments to the legislation and criteria for assessing efficiency of tax monitoring.

scholarly journals The specificity of political lexicon in the English language

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Elina Rasimovna Nasibullaeva
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Political Term

The subject of this research is the political lexicon in the English language. The article examines the criteria fir determination of political lexicon, provides definitions of this term to various scholars, frames the definition of political lexicon, and highlights its peculiarities in the English language. The author also explores the question on the relationship between political lexicon and political (sociopolitical) terminology; defines the concept of “political term”; describes the main means and methods of enriching political lexicon in the English language. The following methods were applies in the course of study: general scientific method for collection of the existing literature on the topic; systematization and generalization for formulation of fundamental concepts of research; random sampling for selecting the examples; contextual analysis for determining the peculiarities of functionality of phrases within the system of English political lexicon and mass media; as well as translational analysis. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article allows establishing the status of political theme within the lexical system of English language, since for the current stage of development of linguistic a promising trend is the determination of morphogenetic linguistic phenomena. The author also describes the main means of enriching the lexicon on the example of research material, which allows reflecting the development trends of political lexicon in the modern English language.

scholarly journals The Enrica Lexie Incident and the Status of Anti-Piracy Security Personnel on Board

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Odello
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This article focuses on a specific issue that emerged in the Arbitral Award on the Enrica Lexie case delivered in May 2020. The dispute involved Italy and India in relation to the killings of Indian fishermen by Italian marines in the waters outside India. The incident raised several legal issues concerning the application of the law of the sea, the legal determination of anti-piracy actions by States and jurisdictional immunities. The purpose of this article is to focus on one specific issue that emerges from this case: the uncertain legal status of security personnel deployed on private vessels in relation to anti-piracy protection. The first part of the article shall consider the status of military personnel deployed on merchant ships for anti-piracy protection. The problem is central to the matter because, depending on the definition of their status, limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction by other States may emerge. The second part of this article discusses more broadly the status of military and private security personnel in actions that could be defined as ‘international policing or security’ activities, which should be better clarified through better international cooperation, exchange of information and clear rules. A more defined legal setting for anti-piracy activities would prevent possible future disputes in similar cases. Furthermore, it would be useful to have clearer rules that could be applied also to face other types of crimes that occur on the sea.

scholarly journals Does the Uniform Determination of Death Act Need to Be Revised?

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyen Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Determination Of Death ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

Prompted by concerns raised by the rise in litigations, which challenge the legal status of brain death (BD), Lewis and colleagues recently proposed a revision of the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA). The revision consists of (i) narrowing down the definition of BD to the loss of specific brain functions, namely those functions that can be assessed on bedside neurological examination; (ii) requiring that the determination of BD must be in accordance with the specific guidelines designated in the revision; and (iii) eliminating the necessity for obtaining consent prior to performing the tests for BD determination. By analyzing Lewis and colleagues’ revision, this article shows that this revision is fraught with difficulties. Therefore, this article also proposes two approaches for an ethical revision of the UDDA; the first is in accordance with scientific realism and Christian anthropology, while the second is grounded in trust and respect for persons. If the UDDA is to be revised, then it should be based on sound ethical principles in order to resolve the ongoing BD controversies and rebuild public trust. Summary: This article critically examines the recent revision of the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) advanced by Lewis and colleagues. The revision only further reinforces the status quo of brain death without taking into account the root cause of the litigations and controversies about the declaration of death by neurological criteria. In view of this deficiency, this article offers two approaches to revising the UDDA, both of which are founded on sound moral principles.

scholarly journals Schopenhauer’s theory of ideas

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Natalia Yu. Chepeleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
Theory Of Ideas ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Will ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the Arthur Schopenhauer’s contradictory doctrines of ideas. The analysis is accompanied by a discussion of historical and philosophical mysteries di­rectly related to Schopenhauer’s doctrines of ideas. His theory of ideas is explored in its ontological and aesthetic aspects as well as in its relation to Schopenhauer’s ethics. In the article, Schopenhauer’s definition of idea is analyzed in comparison with that of Plato and Kant. Despite the fact that Schopenhauer himself claimed that he understood the notion of idea in its true, Platonic sense, the article claims that he largely departed from Plato. Since the idea is enriched by the properties of thing-in-itself, it remains a rep­resentation accessible to cognition and becomes an intermediate link between the will and the individual. The article discusses the place of ideas in Schopenhauer’s ontology. The article distinguishes and characterizes the stages of objectification of the will, which Schopenhauer calls ideas. The ambivalent status of the idea gives rise to many other his­torical and philosophical problems. One of them is the determination of the status of a comprehensible (intelligible) character, which Schopenhauer declares to be another di­rect objectification of the will, besides ideas. Further, the article investigates the process of cognizing an idea. The author discusses Schopenhauer’s aesthetic teaching in connec­tion to the fact that Schopenhauer declares that cognition of the world of ideas is the goal of art. The article examines Schopenhauer’s classification of arts and separately prob­lematizes the status of music. The relationship between the philosophy of art and Schopenhauer’s ethical doctrines, in which he offers two ways to salvation, is discussed. The concepts of asceticism and genius are compared. The article suggests that Schopen­hauer's ethical doctrine can be presented as a complement to his doctrine of ideas. The fi­nal part of the article briefly formulates the main problems of Schopenhauer’s theory of ideas and discusses their possible solutions.

The Validity of Rector�s Circular Letter on the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fradhana Putra Disantara
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

This study aims to analyze the relevance of the �health emergency� status to the existing legal theory and condition as well as to identify the validity of the Circular Letter of the Rector of State Universities. To this end, this study applied the statute and conceptual approach. The study was conducted by inventorying primary and secondary legal materials to obtain a proper and critical review of the legal issues under study. The results showed that the determination of the �health emergency� status by the government was inappropriate due to the uncertainty of the regulations issued by the government to determine the current condition. Thus, the status of the COVID-19 pandemic is a �legal emergency� status. Further, the Rector�s policy through the Circular Letter is valid judicially, sociologically, and philosophically. The determination of the �legal emergency� status can be done by issuing a Perppu without a �state of emergency� from the President. Finally, it is suggested to firstly get an approval from the Ministry of Education and Culture regarding the issuance of the Rector�s Circular Letter. Besides, further study is needed as this study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.�Keabsahan Surat Edaran Rektor Perguruan Tinggi dalam Pandemi Covid-19Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa relevansi status �darurat kesehatan� dengan teori hukum dan kondisi yang ada dan keabsahan atas Surat Edaran Rektor Perguruan Tinggi Negeri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statute approach dan conseptual approach. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menginventarisasi bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, guna mendapatkan kajian yang seyogianya dan telaah kritis terkait isu hukum. Hasil penelitian menyatakan penetapan status darurat kesehatan oleh pemerintah kurang tepat, dikarenakan tidak menentu-nya peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah untuk menetapkan kondisi saat ini. Sehingga, status pandemi COVID-19 merupakan status darurat hukum. Kebijakan rektor melalui Surat Edaran adalah absah secara aspek yuridis, sosiologis, dan filosofis. Penetapan darurat hukum cukup dilakukan dengan menerbitkan Perppu tanpa pernyataan darurat dari Presiden. Saran peneliti adalah di perlukan persetujuan pada Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan terkait terbitnya Surat Edaran Rektor, dan dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dikarenakan penelitian ini dilakukan pada masa COVID-19 yang bersifat temporal.�

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

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